PTRS rab phom tiv thaiv tank (Simonov): cov yam ntxwv, caliber

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov phom tiv thaiv tank PTRS (Simonov) tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941. Nws tau npaj los tua cov tsheb nruab nrab thiab lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam, dav hlau, thiab cov tsheb tub rog ntawm qhov deb txog li 500 meters. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm rab phom nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv bunkers, bunkers thiab firing cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, npog nrog armor, los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog 800 meters. Cov phom tua tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Kab lus yuav txiav txim siab txog keeb kwm ntawm nws qhov kev tsim thiab siv, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm.

keeb kwm keeb kwm

Ib phom tiv thaiv tank (ATR) yog ib rab phom me me uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab cov tsheb. PTR kuj tseem siv los tua cov fortifications thiab cov hom phiaj dav hlau ya tsawg. Ua tsaug rau lub cartridge muaj zog thiab lub thoob ntev, lub siab muzzle lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv yog tiav, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ntaus cov armor. Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II rab phom tiv thaiv tank muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv txog li 30 hli tuab thiab yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tank. Qee cov qauv muaj qhov loj thiab qhov tseeb, cov phom me me.

Thawj tus qauv ntawm PTR tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg German twb thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Tsis muaj Efficiencylawv tau them nyiaj rau lawv qhov kev txav siab, yooj yim ntawm kev zais, thiab tus nqi qis. Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tau dhau los ua lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau PTR, vim tias txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau siv hom riam phom no.

Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog thawj qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, uas haum rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kev ua tsov rog ntawm lub cav". Tanks thiab lwm yam armored tsheb tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tawm tsam. Nws yog lub tank wedges uas tau los ua qhov kev txiav txim siab hauv kev ua raws li Nazi Blitzkrieg tactics.

Tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj loj thaum pib ua tsov rog, cov tub rog Soviet xav tau nyiaj txaus los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab cov tsheb. Lawv xav tau ib lub cuab yeej yooj yim thiab maneuverable uas tuaj yeem tiv taus tsheb hnyav. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cas rab phom anti-tank tau los ua. Xyoo 1941, ob qho piv txwv ntawm cov riam phom no tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam tam sim: rab phom Degtyarev thiab phom Simonov. Cov pej xeem feem ntau paub zoo dua nrog PTRD. Cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab phau ntawv tau pab txhawb rau qhov no. Tab sis PTRS-41 paub ntau zuj zus, thiab nws tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ntim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees rau kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm rab phom no.

thawj zaug los qhia PTR

Nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, lawv tau nquag ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim phom tiv thaiv tank txij li 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qauv zoo PTR, ib daim cartridge muaj zog nrog lub caliber ntawm 14.5 hli tau tsim. Xyoo 1939, ntau qhov qauv PTR los ntawm Soviet engineers raug sim ib zaug. Cov phom tiv thaiv tank ntawm Rukavishnikov system yeej qhov kev sib tw, tab sis nws cov khoom siv tsis tautsim tawm. Cov thawj coj tub rog Soviet ntseeg hais tias yav tom ntej, cov tsheb tub rog yuav tiv thaiv tsawg kawg yog 50 mm armor, thiab kev siv phom tiv thaiv tank yuav ua tsis tau.

Kev txhim kho ntawm PTSD

Cov kev coj noj coj ua kev xav tau hloov pauv tsis yog tag nrho: txhua hom tsheb armored siv los ntawm Wehrmacht thaum pib ua tsov rog tuaj yeem raug ntaus nrog rab phom tiv thaiv tank, txawm tias thaum tua hauv pem hauv ntej projection. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 8, 1941, cov thawj coj tub rog tau txiav txim siab pib tsim cov phom loj los tiv thaiv tank. Rukavishnikov tus qauv tau lees paub tias nyuaj thiab kim heev rau cov xwm txheej ntawd. Kev sib tw tshiab tau tshaj tawm rau kev tsim PTR tsim nyog, uas ob tus kws tshaj lij tau koom nrog: Vasily Degtyarev thiab Sergey Simonov. Tsuas yog 22 hnub tom qab, cov neeg tsim qauv nthuav tawm cov qauv ntawm lawv cov phom. Stalin nyiam ob tus qauv, thiab tsis ntev lawv tau muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm.

Kev ua haujlwm

Tam sim lub Kaum Hli 1941, rab phom tiv thaiv tank PTRS (Simonov) tau pib nkag mus rau cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug ntawm kev siv, nws qhia tau hais tias nws high efficiency. Nyob rau hauv 1941, cov Nazis tsis muaj xws li armored tsheb uas yuav tiv taus hluav taws ntawm Simonov rab phom. Cov riam phom tau yooj yim heev rau siv thiab tsis xav tau kev cob qhia qib siab ntawm cov neeg tua rog. Cov cuab yeej pom kev yooj yim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv cov xwm txheej tsis xis nyob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis muaj zog armor effect ntawm 14.5-mm cartridge tau sau tseg ntau dua ib zaug: qee lub tsheb yeeb ncuab tsoo tawm ntawm PTR muaj.ntau tshaj kaum lub qhov.

German generals tau rov hais dua qhov ua tau zoo ntawm PTRS-41. Raws li lawv, Soviet anti-tank phom loj tshaj lawv cov German counterparts. Thaum cov Germans tswj kom tau PTRS los ua ib qho khoom plig, lawv txaus siab siv nws hauv lawv qhov kev tawm tsam.

Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad, tus nqi ntawm cov phom phom tiv thaiv tank yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tank pib txo qis. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk Bulge, armor-piercers tau qhuas cov riam phom no ntau dua ib zaug.

Kev poob qis

Txij li thaum nws nyuaj dua thiab kim los tsim cov phom phom tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm Simonov system dua li Degtyarev PTR, nws tau tsim ntau qhov me me. Los ntawm 1943, cov Germans tau pib ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv armor ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej, thiab kev siv cov phom phom tiv thaiv tank pib poob qis heev. Raws li qhov no, lawv cov khoom lag luam pib poob qis, thiab tsis ntev los no tau nres tag nrho. Kev sim ua kom zoo dua qub thiab ua kom nws cov cuab yeej nkag mus tau los ntawm ntau tus kws tsim txuj ci hauv xyoo 1942-1943, tab sis txhua tus ua tsis tiav. Kev hloov kho tsim los ntawm S. Rashkov, S. Ermolaev, M. Blum thiab V. Slukhotsky zoo dua nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tab sis tsis tshua muaj xov tooj thiab loj dua li niaj zaus PTRS thiab PTRD. Xyoo 1945, nws tau pom meej meej tias cov phom phom tiv thaiv tus kheej tau tso nws tus kheej los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tank.

Nyob rau xyoo tas los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, thaum nws twb tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv, cov tub rog-piercers pib siv lawv los rhuav tshemarmored neeg ua hauj lwm nqa, nws tus kheej-propelled artillery mounts, mus sij hawm ntev firing cov ntsiab lus thiab ya dav hlau hom phiaj.

Nyob rau xyoo 1941, 77 cov ntawv luam ntawm PTRS tau tsim, thiab xyoo tom ntej - 63.3 txhiab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum kawg ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, txog 190 txhiab phom dov tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos. Ib txhia ntawm lawv pom siv nyob rau hauv Kauslim Tsov Rog.

Txoj kev siv

Los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 meters, rab phom tiv thaiv tank PTRS (Simonov) tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 50 hli armor, thiab los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 meters - 40 hli. Hauv qhov no, rab phom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Tab sis nws kuj muaj ib tug tsis muaj zog point - ib tug tsawg armor ua. Yog li hauv kev ua tub rog lawv hu ua qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv tom qab tawg los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Feem ntau, ntaus lub tank thiab tawg los ntawm nws tsis txaus, nws yuav tsum tau ntaus lub tanker lossis qee lub tsheb tseem ceeb.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm PRTS thiab PTRD tau txo qis thaum cov neeg German pib nce kev tiv thaiv armor ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ntaus nws nrog phom. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov neeg tua neeg yuav tsum ua haujlwm nyob ze, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev, feem ntau los ntawm kev xav ntawm lub hlwb. Thaum rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank raug rho tawm haujlwm, cov huab cua loj ntawm cov plua plav tau nyob ib puag ncig nws, ntxeev siab rau txoj haujlwm tua ntawm tus tua. Cov yeeb ncuab tshuab rab phom, snipers thiab infantry escorting lub tank coj ib tug tiag tiag yos hav zoov rau cov fighters armed nrog anti-tank phom. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias tom qab repelling lub tank tawm tsam, tsis muaj ib tug nyob rau hauv lub armor-piercing tuam txhab.survivor.

Tsim

Tsis siv neeg rab phom muab kev tshem tawm ib nrab ntawm cov hmoov gases ntawm lub thoob. Txhawm rau tswj cov txheej txheem no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob peb-txheej txheem raug teeb tsa, uas tso cov pa roj tawm mus rau lub piston, nyob ntawm qhov kev siv. Lub thoob bore tau kaw vim qhov skew ntawm lub shutter. Ncaj nraim saum lub thoob yog lub piston roj.

Lub tshuab ua kom pom tseeb tso cai rau koj tua hluav taws nkaus xwb. Thaum cov cartridges khiav tawm, lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw qhib. Tus tsim siv tus chij hom fuse.

Lub thoob muaj yim rab phom sab xis thiab tau nruab nrog lub pob ntseg. Ua tsaug rau tus brake compensator, lub recoil ntawm rab phom tau txo qis. Lub taub qab pad yog nruab nrog ib qho kev poob siab absorber (cushion). Lub khw muag khoom ruaj khov muaj lub hau hinged hauv qab thiab ib tus pas feeder. Kev thauj khoom yog nqa tawm los ntawm hauv qab no, siv lub pob hlau ntawm tsib cartridges stacked nyob rau hauv ib tug checkerboard qauv. Rau lub pob no tuaj nrog PTRS. Qhov ntau ntawm rab phom nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo yog 800 meters. Raws li kev pom cov cuab yeej siv, qhov qhib-hom pom tau siv, ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam ntawm 100-1500 meters. Cov phom, uas tau tsim los ntawm Sergei Simonov, yog cov txheej txheem ntau dua thiab hnyav dua Degtyarev rab phom, tab sis nws yeej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hluav taws los ntawm 5 rounds ib feeb. PTRS tau txais kev pab los ntawm ib pab neeg ntawm ob tug neeg tua rog. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, ib tus lej suav lossis ob tus tuaj yeem nqa phom. Cov tes tuav rau kev thauj mus los tau txuas nrog lub pob tw thiablub cev. Hauv txoj haujlwm stowed, PTR tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob ntu: tus txais nrog lub taub qab thiab lub thoob nrog lub bipod.

Ib daim cartridge tau tsim rau PTRS caliber, uas tuaj yeem nruab nrog ob hom mos txwv:

1. B-32. Ib qho yooj yim armor-piercing incendiary mos txwv nrog ib tug hardened steel core.
2. BS-41. Sib txawv ntawm B-32 hauv cermet core.

PTRS yam ntxwv

Summarizing tag nrho cov saum toj no, ntawm no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom:

1. Caliber - 14.5 mm.
2. Nyhav - 20.9 kg.
3. Length - 2108 mm.
4. Rate of fire - 15 rounds per minute.
5. Qhov ceev ntawm cov mos txwv tawm ntawm lub thoob yog 1012 m/s.
6. Lub Taub Hau hnyav - 64 g.
7. Muzzle zog - 3320 kGm.
8. Txoj hlua-txuas: ntawm 100 m - 50 mm, ntawm 300 m - 40 mm.

Zaj lus

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias PTRS (Simonov) rab phom tiv thaiv tank muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, cov tub rog Soviet nyiam qhov riam phom no, thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntshai nws. Nws yog tsis muaj teeb meem, unpretentious, heev maneuverable thiab zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov hauj lwm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua yam ntxwv, Simonov lub anti-tank nws tus kheej-loading phom surpassed tag nrho cov txawv teb chaws analogues. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws yog hom riam phom no uas pab cov tub rog Soviet kov yeej lub npe hu ua tank ntshai.