Kev txhim kho ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv: cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm nyob deb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, cov kws qhia ntawv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, hauv cov menyuam yaus cov chaw pw hav zoov thiab cov chaw kho mob tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej raws li ib qho system - Soviet. Xws li "daim ntawv taug qab" ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov txheej txheem kev qhia dav dav, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws hauv lub peev thiab hauv kev sib haum xeeb. Tab sis lub sij hawm hloov. Lavxias teb sab kev kawm yog maj txav los ntawm Soviet cov qauv mus rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm ib tug txawv hom. Niaj hnub no, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kws tshaj lij muaj nuj nqis. Nws txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog kev kawm qib siab ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, los ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev kawm nyob deb. Peb yuav tham txog nws ntxiv.

Kev Kawm Kev Dim Yog Dab Tsi?

Kev kawm deb yog ib qho kev kawm online uas tau siv los ntawm kev siv Internet, ntau txoj hauv kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo uas peb tau siv los. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv npaj thiab tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm nyob deb. Thaum kawg ntawm chav kawm, tib daim ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm qib siab raug muab tawm raws li cov tub ntxhais kawmcov kev kawm ib nrab hnub, ib nrab hnub.

Cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm raug xa los ntawm e-mail, ntawm flash drives, disks, xa ntawv tsis tu ncua hauv daim ntawv qhia. Kev sib txuas lus nrog cov kws qhia ntawv yog ua los ntawm Skype lossis cov yees duab sib txuas lus zoo sib xws. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm no yog raws li hauv qab no:

• chav sib tham. Synchronous kev kawm. Tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov neeg koom hauv chav kawm tau txuas nrog kev sib tham tib lub sijhawm.
• Web tshooj lus. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov sib txawv - kev sib tham video, kev sib tham, kev cob qhia, kev cob qhia, kev kawm ua si, kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj raws li kev sib txuas lus hauv Is Taws Nem. Feem ntau, cov no yog cov txheej txheem asynchronous raws li cov rooj sab laj kev kawm (feem ntau yuav tsum muaj software ntxiv).
• Teleconferences. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm kev xa ntawv nyuaj ntawm e-mails rau txhua tus neeg tuaj koom. Lawv muaj ob qho tib si kev cob qhia cov ntaub ntawv, cov haujlwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib tham, kev sib tham, hnub kawg ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam.
• Telepresence. Txoj kev kawm tshiab kawg. Cov no yog cov kev sib tham hauv video uas tsim kom muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv chav kawm nrog tus kws qhia ntawv thiab lwm tus neeg koom nrog.

Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm nyob deb

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm kev kawm nyob deb? Ntau tus xaiv txoj kev no vim qhov tseeb tias nws tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev paub hauv ib puag ncig zoo thiab xis nyob hauv tsev. Tsis tas li, txoj kev kuj tseem txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Accessibility. Cov chav kawm ntawm cov kev cob qhia zoo li no tsis yog qis dua tus nqi xwb. Txoj kev tshem tawm cov nqi mus ncig, xauj tsev rauKev cob qhia qib siab hauv lwm lub nroog.
• Ib leeg mus kom ze rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm txoj haujlwm.
• Kev kawm zoo tau lees paub los ntawm kev siv cov tsev qiv ntawv hluav taws xob, kev nthuav qhia, kev kawm ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, thiab lwm yam.
• Tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig kev kawm sib koom ua ke (tshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev cob qhia koom nrog).
• Tsis muaj sijhawm txwv nruj. Kev cob qhia tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lub tswv yim yooj yim rau koj.

Cov kev pab cuam tshaj plaws

Kev nce cov kev tsim nyog ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv yog ib qho kev paub txog cov kev txhim kho tshiab, cov kev pab cuam, cov chav kawm hauv lawv qhov kev ua ub no, kev kawm tob ntawm qhov kev kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cia peb hais tias tus kws qhia ntawv tau txais kev txawj ntawm tus kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws. Los yog lub taub hau ntawm kev coj ua yeeb yam - hu nkauj, kos duab, ua qauv.

Hnub no, feem ntau piv txwv ntawm kev txhim kho tus kws qhia ntawv yuav yog:

• Practical Child Psychology.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (rau kev kawm preschool), thev naus laus zis ua raws li nws.
• Kev hais lus thiab kev ua haujlwm puas siab ntsws nrog cov menyuam yaus.

Peb caw cov neeg nyeem kom paub txog cov chaw no kom meej.

Practical Child Psychology

Kev txhim kho tus kws qhia ntawv no yog rau:

• social educators;
• cov neeg zov me nyuam hauv chaw zov me nyuamvaj;
• xib fwb, neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum preschool.

Kev cob qhia qib siab yog 140-150 teev. Tus nqi: 10-20 txhiab rubles. Kev kawm ntawm no, nyob ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia, tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ib nrab hnub, ib nrab hnub, tab sis kuj nyob deb. Cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm qib siab yog tib yam.

Thematic modules (seem) ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam muaj raws li hauv qab no:

• Psychology preschool.
• Psychology tshwj xeeb rau menyuam yaus.
• Kev sab laj thiab kev xav rau menyuam yaus.
• Kev npaj siab rau tus menyuam mus kawm ntawv.
• Psychodiagnostics hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
• Psychology of Child deprivation.

Technologies of reference, content of GEF

Cov Kev Kawm Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm no yog rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv qab no:

• Cov xib fwb qhia cev nqaij daim tawv.
• Methodists.
• Child psychologists.
• Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev kawm qib siab no rau cov kws qhia ntawv: 100-110 teev kev kawm. Kwv yees li ob lub hlis ntawm kev cob qhia. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm kev kawm yog nyob rau hauv 10 txhiab rubles. Cov chav kawm muaj nyob rau hauv puv sij hawm, yav tsaus ntuj, tej thaj chaw deb daim ntawv.

Kev nce qib ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm no yog ib tus neeg paub nrog cov qauv thematic hauv qab no:

• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua ub no ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschoolTom qab hloov mus rau Federal State Educational Standard.
• Txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog menyuam yaus hauv tsev kawm ntawv preschool.
• FSES DO yog tus qauv tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool hauv tebchaws Russia.
• Kev kawm Preschool yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tus Qauv Qauv.
• Algorithms rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kev kawm tseem ceeb thiab kev kawm hauv preschool.
• Yuav tsum tau ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tus Qauv Qauv.

Kev hais lus thiab kev ua haujlwm puas siab ntsws

qhov kev qhia kws qhia ntawv no yog leej twg? Tsim los rau:

• Cov kws tshaj lij uas muaj kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab lossis siab dua txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob hauv kev xav txog menyuam yaus thiab kev hais lus kho mob.
• Cov kws qhia ntawv hauv preschool.
• Cov kws qhia ntawv hauv preschools.
• Child psychologists.
• Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab neeg.
• Cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo tas los hauv pedagogical universities.

Tag nrho lub sijhawm npaj: 5 lub hlis (180-200 teev kev kawm). Tus nqi ntawm kev cob qhia yog tsim nyog - nyob rau hauv 50 txhiab rubles. Kev cob qhia ntxiv ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv nyob deb ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no kuj ua tau.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Txoj kev tshiab thiab ib txwm siv thiab cov tswv yim siv los kho cov kev hais lus tsis zoo, kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
• Ib txwm thiab niaj hnub kev ua haujlwm hauvKev hais lus kho mob thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws.
• Techniques of speech therapy, psychological, correction work in relation to family education, training, development, social adaptation of preschool cov me nyuam kawm ntawv preschool (xws li cov me nyuam uas muaj ntau yam kev loj hlob tsis zoo).

Top universities rau kev cob qhia

Cov chav kawm hloov tshiab rau cov kws qhia ntawv (nyob deb, nyob rau hauv absentia, ntawm tus kheej) yog qhib ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm qhia ntawv, tib neeg lub koom haum thiab tsev kawm qib siab. Cov neeg mloog lawv tus kheej paub qhov txawv hauv qab no los ntawm lawv cov teeb:

• Lub koom haum rau kev txhim kho kev nyob deb (ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation).
• ISPT (Moscow).
• YISO (Voronezh).
• MIPK muaj npe tom qab Fedorov (Moscow).
• NOUR (St. Petersburg).

Peb kuj muab los txheeb xyuas ntau lub chaw kawm nrov.

RAZVITUM

Kev cob qhia qib siab ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv preschool ntawm no yog ua nyob deb (siv Internet technologies). Thaum kawm tiav, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm tiav ntawm ANO "SPB TsDPO" raug muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv tsim.

Cov lus qhia hauv RAZVITUM yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Pedagogical txhawb rau tus menyuam hauv ib puag ncig kev kawm.
• Txoj kev xav muaj tswv yim hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas.
• Kev nce qib kev tsim nyog ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv raws li GEF.
• Kev txuag kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv DO raws li GEF.
• Kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse, kev xav ntawm tus menyuam.
• Tiv thaiv tus mob hauv cov kws qhia"professional burnout"
• Txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool.
• Tshaj tawm tus menyuam txoj kev puas siab puas ntsws rau hauv xov xwm.
• Ntawm mus kom ze rau lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv DO.
• Kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub pedagogical.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob hais lus, lub koom haum ntawm nws cov haujlwm.
• Keeb kwm ntawm kev kho pedagogy thiab tshwj xeeb me nyuam puas siab puas ntsws.
• Cov qauv kev kawm suav nrog rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev tsis taus raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv Lavxias Federation.
• Txoj kev kuaj mob ntxov, kho thiab tiv thaiv kev hais lus tsis zoo hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool.

Pedagogical Campus

Kev kawm ntxiv rau cov kws qhia ntawv hauv "Pedagogical Campus" yog qhov nrov. Duration ntawm kev cob qhia ntawm no: 2-3 lub lis piam. Tus nqi ntawm qhov kev kawm: 4-6 txhiab rubles.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev npaj muaj raws li hauv qab no:

• Txoj hauv kev rau kev siv cov kev qhia thiab kev kawm hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci.
• Kev qhuab qhia technologies, tsim cov txheej txheem kev kawm thiab kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txheej Txheem.
• Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm GEF.
• Txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov qauv hauv kev qhia thiab kev kawm hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev ua raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci.
• Txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv,nws txoj kev txawj ntse.

Northern capital

Lub chaw kawm tshiab no muaj 72-teev kev cob qhia qib siab rau cov kws qhia qib kindergarten. Thaum ua tiav, muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm daim ntawv tsim tawm.

Muaj ob qhov kev npaj ntawm no:

• Cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv kindergartens raws li cov cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Kev kawm ib nrab hnub muaj nqis 4,000 rubles.
• Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev kawm deb nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci. Kev kawm nyob deb muaj nqis 4,000 rubles.

Volgograd Humanitarian Academy rau Kev Kawm Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Kws Tshaj Lij Kev Sib Raug Zoo

Thaum kawg ntawm kev cob qhia, daim ntawv pov thawj raug muab, qhia txog kev rov ua haujlwm. Duration ntawm kev cob qhia: 288-512 teev. Tus nqi (nyob ntawm lub sijhawm kawm): 12-17 txhiab rubles. Daim ntawv ntawm kev kawm yog nyob deb.

Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv muaj cov kev pab cuam hauv qab no:

• Preschool pedagogy: kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv preschool.
• Tus kws qhia kev loj hlob thaum ntxov: pedagogical thiab puas siab puas ntsws kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm ontogenesis.
• Methodist ntawm kev kawm preschool: tsim thiab kev siv tom qab ntawm lub koom haum thiab kev qhia kev ua ub no raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci.

Ntawm no koj thiab kuv tau ntsib nrog cov kev kawm qib siabcov kws qhia ntawv hauv kev muaj tiag niaj hnub no. Kev ntseeg siab niaj hnub no tau kawm nyob deb. Cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau qhov kev cob qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas muaj txiaj ntsig thiab yooj yim.