Cawv cawv yog Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, kev faib tawm, tsim khoom thiab muag

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tam sim no, cov khoom siv cawv yog cov khoom siv cawv ntau heev. Hauv qhov no, cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua txhaum cai raug kaw tas li, kev siv uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem intoxication, tab sis kuj rau kev tuag. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib qho kev txhawb siab rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo rau cov khoom siv cawv. Nws hom tseem ceeb, txoj kev tsim khoom thiab cov kev xav tau rau cov dej qab zib tau piav qhia hauv qab no.

Txoj kev xav

Raws li txoj cai tam sim no, cov khoom siv cawv yog cov dej haus uas tsim los ntawm ethyl lossis lwm yam cawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tom kawg yuav tsum yog ntau tshaj 0.5%, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua uas muaj cawv kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw.

Cov khoom cawv yog dej haus cais raws li hauv qab no:

1. Wine. Nws lub zog sib txawv nyob rau hauv 9-16% ntawm turnovers. Rau fortified dej qab zib, daim duab no yog siab dua - los ntawm 16 mus rau 22% ntawm turnover. Caw tau los ntawm ib nrab lossis ua tiav fermentation ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
2. Champagne. Qhov no yog ib qho dej qab zib uas tau txais los ntawm theem nrab fermentation ntawm cawv.
3. Cawv cawv. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ntau hom tsiaj. Tab sis cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog vodka thiab cognac. Thawj yog cov dej cawv muaj zog nrog ib qho kev saj thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm cawv. Vodka yog tshwm sim los ntawm fermentation ntawm qab zib thiab starchy cov khoom xyaw. Cognac yog ib qho khoom siv cawv uas yog hom brandy. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej haus yog sawv cev los ntawm cov organic acids, cawv, ethyl esters thiab ntau yam additives.
4. Liqueur wine. Qhov no yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib, cov ntsiab lus qab zib sib txawv ntawm 20-22%. Nws lub zog tsis ntau tshaj 16% ntawm kev hloov pauv.
5. txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov no yog ib qho dej cawv tsawg uas muaj cov piam thaj tsawg kawg nkaus. Thaum nws npaj, txhua yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshwj tsis yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tuaj yeem siv.
6. dej cawv. Lawv lub zog ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb ntau npaum li cas cawv cov chaw tsim khoom ntxiv rau cov khoom siv raw. Lawv tsuas yog ib nrab ua los ntawm cawv. Tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yog concentrates, dej, xim, qab zib thiab flavors.
7. Beer. Qhov no yog ib qho dej cawv tsawg, lub zog uas nyob ntawm ntau yam. Nws yog tau los ntawm cawv fermentation ntawm m alt wort. Ntawmhops feem ntau yog ntxiv rau qhov no.
8. Cider. Qhov no yog dej cawv tsawg uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm fermentation ntawm kua txiv apple.
9. Poiret. Zoo ib yam li txiv apple cider. Pear kua txiv yog siv los ua lub hauv paus.
10. Muaj. Nws yog dej haus uas nws cov khoom xyaw yog zib ntab, dej thiab poov xab.

Yog li tam sim no, kev lag luam cawv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam.

Production

Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov dej qab zib nrov tshaj plaws yog vodka, champagne, npias thiab cawv. Cov lus hauv qab no piav qhia cov theem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov dej cawv hauv kev xav tau siab.

Nyiam nug tau nawb

Drink	ua noj ua haus technology
Vodka	Sib tov dej thiab purified rectified cawv. lim kua nrog xuab zeb zoo. Kev kho cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Ua cov khoom siv ntxiv yog tias tsim nyog (piv txwv li, flavoring lossis infusion). Txhawm rau qhov xav tau lub zog los ntawm kev ntxiv dej lossis cawv. ntim khoom thiab xa khoom.
Champagne	Nias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas siv cov xovxwm tshwj xeeb. Wort fermentation nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib tej kas tham los yog hlau vats. Kev sib tw. Cov theem no tsuas yog hla thaum npaj cov neeg tseem ceeb champagne. thib ob fermentation. Nyob rau theem no, cov kua yog ntim, cov poov xab ntxiv rau nws thiabqab zib. Cov thawv ntim tau raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ntim cawv. Remuage (tso lub fwj nyob ib ncig ntawm nws axis). Hlub. Degogging (pov tseg sediment). Tsim lub raj mis thiab xa lawv mus muag.
	Tau tau m alt (barley soaking). Cov noob qhuav nrog cua sov. crushing m alt, diluting nws nrog dej. Tau txais wort los ntawm lim cov slurry no. Cov seem qhuav yog muab rau cov tsiaj txhu noj. -boiling lub wort nrog hops. Cim ua raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov poov xab. Excerpt.
Wine	Grape harvesting and crushing. -Ntxiv cov poov xab mus rau wort. Nyob hauv cov pob ntoo qhib. Tshem cov poov xab. Kev qhia meej ua raws li kev ua pa oxygen. pasteurization. Bottling.

Cov thev naus laus zis tau piav qhia saum toj no yog classic. Lawv tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom zoo.

Rau cov neeg tsim khoom

Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj thiab muag khoom yog tswj hwm nruj. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov hauv qab no: kev tsim khoom thiab kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom siv cawv tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tau tshawb pom ntau ntxiv.

Yuav tsum tau rau cov tuam ntxhab:

1. Muaj daim ntawv tso cai rau hom tshwj xeeb nokev ua ub no.
2. Lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tsim tsis pub tshaj 5000 decaliters ib xyoos.
3. Yog lub tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb yog tus tsim khoom, nws yuav tsum siv nws cov khoom siv raw.
4. Muaj daim ntawv koom haum.
5. Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg muag khoom muag uas muag ethyl cawv tau los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus nkaus xwb.

Cov koom haum uas nws cov dej num cuam tshuam txog kev tsim cov dej cawv yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tshwj xeeb, cov sensors uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm ethyl cawv hauv dej haus hauv ob peb feeb.

Labeling requirements

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib thaum xaiv tus neeg muag khoom yog muaj daim ntawv tso cai. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau xyuas cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntim khoom thib ob lossis daim ntawv lo. Kev muag khoom ntawm cawv nrog kev ua txhaum daim ntawv lo yog txwv tsis pub.

Yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv dab tsi:

1. Npe.
2. View.
3. Npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, chaw nyob raws cai ntawm lub koom haum.
4. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev lees paub thiab tshaj tawm.
5. Producer lub teb chaws.
6. Volume.
7. Cov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kiag li tag nrho cov khoom uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom ntawm cawv yuav tsum tau qhia.
8. Qhov chaw thiab hnub tsim khoom thiab lub raj mis.
9. Contraindications.
10. Ceeb toom rau cov khoom muaj phom sij.

Qhov tsis muaj ib yam ntawm cov khoom saum toj no yogkev ua txhaum loj ntawm kev ncig ntawm cov khoom cawv. Cawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no feem ntau inedible, thiab tag nrho lwm yam additives ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv qhov no, cov kev txwv nruj yog siv rau cov neeg tsim khoom cuav.

Certification

lo lus no yog hais txog kev siv cov dej num, raws li cov txiaj ntsig uas ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim tau qhov zoo thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntsuas. Txij li thaum kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej cawv muaj ntau heev, daim ntawv pov thawj rau cov dej cawv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev xeem, ib daim ntawv raug xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom. Nws lees paub tias qhov dej haus zoo ua tau raws li qhov xav tau.

Retail Features

Txhua qhov muag yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog (cov ntawv pov thawj, cov lus tshaj tawm, daim ntawv pov thawj, cov ntawv xa nyiaj, TN). Nws tsis tuaj (txawm tias ib nrab) ua rau muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias cov khoom siv cawv raug muag tsis raug cai hauv khw muag khoom.

Kev muag dej cawv txwv tsis pub lig rau yav tsaus ntuj thiab hmo ntuj. Hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws, cawv tsuas tuaj yeem yuav thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 9 teev tsaus ntuj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem nce lub sijhawm txwv, tab sis lawv tsis muaj cai kom luv luv. Tam sim no, lub sijhawm tsawg kawg yog los ntawm 23:00 txog 08:00 sawv ntxov tom ntej. Thaum lub sijhawm txwv, nws raug tso cai muag npias nrog cawv tsawg dua 5% ntawm kev hloov pauv, cider, mead thiab poiret.

Qhov chaw uas siv yog txwv tsis pub siv los ntawm txoj cai:

• tsev kawm ntawv thiab kho mob;
• markets;
• stops;
• thauj pej xeem;
• chaw ua si;
• cov koom haum tub rog;
• air thiab railway chaw nres tsheb;
• thaj chaw rau pej xeem cov xwm txheej loj;
• chaw nyob ze qhov chaw muaj kev phom sij.

Tsis ua raws li cov xwm txheej saum toj no suav nrog kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua txhaum cai hauv daim ntawv nplua loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum yuav tsum tau ncua kev ua ub no.

Ncua lag luam wholesale

Tus neeg nruab nrab tsuas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom lag luam rau cov khw muag khoom yog tias lawv muaj daim ntawv tso cai. Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau rau 5 xyoos. Txhawm rau kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai, ib tus yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog hla cov tshev loj, tab sis kuj them tus nqi ntawm 800,000 rubles.

Kev muag khoom suav nrog kev yuav cov dej haus ntau ntau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom nrog nws cov khoom cia tom ntej hauv qhov tsim nyog. Qhov tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub tsev khaws khoom kuj tseem ua txhaum tag nrho.

Kev suav nyiaj rau cov khoom cawv

Los ntawm 07/01/18 nws yog ua los ntawm daim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib tus qauv sau nyiaj txiag. Hauv qhov no, txhua lub tuam txhab tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm nws lub koom haum, uas yuav tsum tau daws hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.

Thaum pib, cov khoom cawv yuav tsum tau cuam tshuam hauv kev suav nyiaj. Tag nrho lwm yam yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, lub tshuab hluav taws xob code, lub scanner, thiab lwm yam). Hauv qhov nolub koom haum nws tus kheej muaj txoj cai xaiv yuav ua li cas mus ua accounting.

Txoj cai tswj hwm

Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 171 yog ib daim ntawv uas yuav tsum tau kawm los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab thiab cov muag khoom ntawm cov khoom cawv. Kev cai nruj heev.

Txoj cai tsis siv rau cov neeg uas npaj lawv tus kheej haus cawv. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, qhov kawg yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau kev muag, tab sis tsuas yog siv rau tus kheej xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj cai lij choj tsis siv rau cov khoom uas tsis pub dawb (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj uas muaj ethyl cawv).

Nyob hauv kaw

Tam sim no, ntau yam cawv yog dav heev. Hauv qhov no, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tsim thiab muag cov dej cawv yog tas li nruj. Cov txheej txheem no yog tswj hwm los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 171.