Derivative HPPs: piav qhia, txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov twg lawv siv
Derivative HPPs: piav qhia, txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov twg lawv siv

Video: Derivative HPPs: piav qhia, txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov twg lawv siv

Video: Derivative HPPs: piav qhia, txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov twg lawv siv
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Cov qauv siv dej siv tau siv txij li lub sijhawm qub los tsim lub zog. Niaj hnub no, ib qho kev taw qhia cais ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb derivation tseem tab tom txhim kho tiav. Cov no yog cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov dej ntws tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas zoo dua txawm tias nyob hauv thaj chaw nyuaj. Nyob rau theem pib, kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv tau rau lawv - hydrological fais fab nroj tsuag.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem derivational

Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug diversion fais fab nroj tsuag
Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug diversion fais fab nroj tsuag

Cov kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm HPPs ntawm hom no yog tsim los ntawm cov dej thiab hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov dej-siab yog tsim los ntawm kev nkag, spillways thiab cia tanks. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hydrosystems, dej yog pauv los ntawm sab sauv ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau cov dej ntws. Raws li cov chaw siv hluav taws xob ua ib feem ntawm kev hloov pauv HPPs, lawv feem ntau sawv cev los ntawmCov kav dej tshwj xeeb uas ua kom cov dej ntws mus rau cov khoom tau txais hauv cov tsev hydraulic.

Cov khoom siv ntawm cov tsev zoo li no nrog cov txheej txheem tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob. Tshwj xeeb, cov no tuaj yeem yog hydraulic turbines nrog transformers, nrog rau cov cuab yeej siv tshuab uas ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom kawg ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob generated raug xa mus rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug ntau infrastructure, uas muaj xws li kev tswj systems nrog automation, switchgear thiab thaum muaj xwm ceev kaw systems.

Pab pawg hauv kev hloov pauv dej hauv cov nroj tsuag

Derivative HPP
Derivative HPP

Pab pawg no ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog tsim los muab cov xwm txheej yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw siv dej. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov kav dej phwj, cov tais, qhov taub, cov chaw tswj xyuas, thiab lwm yam. Lub hauv paus yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev, vim tias cov dej ntws los ntawm tus dej tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system, cov qauv rau dewatering nrog jumpers thiab barrier tswj li qub yog muab. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov kev hloov pauv HPPs muaj kev tiv thaiv ntses thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntses, ua tsaug rau cov ntses ntawm ib qho me me tuaj yeem hla mus rau qhov chaw spawning, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm chaw nres tsheb, cov qauv ib ntus kuj tau siv los muab cov peev txheej thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim kho, teeb tsa thiab kho cov haujlwm.

chaw nres tsheb txoj haujlwm

Infrastructure ntawm kev hloov HPP
Infrastructure ntawm kev hloov HPP

Tsis zoo li lub pas dej ua ke classic, kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov channel tsim ua tiav nrog kev hloov pauv. Lub chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dej ntws pov ib feem ntawm cov kwj deg deb ntawm tus dej hauv qab mus rau hauv qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov qis qis tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm muab lub taub hau txaus rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj, yog li ntawd, cov twj tso kua mis ntxiv feem ntau txuas nrog - raws li txoj cai, hauv cov tshuab kaw. Hais txog kev mus kom ze rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob sib raug rau cov phiaj xwm ua dej num. Bypassing cov kua dej channel, ntws yog qhia rau hydro generators, qhov twg, vim mechanical ua hauj lwm, tam sim no yog generated. Ib zaug ntxiv, lub zog txhua yam tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov khoom kawg ntawm kev xa dej - qhov no twb yog nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm chaw nres tsheb.

Type of diversion HPPs

Structures ntawm ib tug diversion hydroelectric zog chaw nres tsheb
Structures ntawm ib tug diversion hydroelectric zog chaw nres tsheb

Muaj cov cim qhia hauv qab no ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm kev hloov pauv dej hauv cov nroj tsuag:

  • Los ntawm lub hwj chim. Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tsawg tsim hluav taws xob txog 30 MW, nruab nrab - txog 300 MW, thiab lub zog siab - txog 1000 MW.
  • Raws lub siab. Cov uas tsis tshua muaj siab muab lub taub hau siab txog li 30-50 m, nruab nrab - txog 100 m, thiab lub zog siab - los ntawm 300 m.
  • Los ntawm kev tsim. Feem ntau, kaw qhov thiab qhib hom kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov txawv, tab sis hauv kev xyaum, kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog ib feem suav nrog cov qauv kaw sab saud feem ntau ntsib.
  • Qhov siab ntawm jumpers. Ib tus neeg parameter uas tau teeb tsa hauv qhov projectcov ntaub ntawv raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm HPP qhov chaw tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, channel, ntug hiav txwv dej thiab dej nyab qhov system yog qhov txawv. Ob qhov kawg layouts txawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv muab lub siab tshaj plaws cofferdams, tsim kom muaj los yog hla ntws nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug uncontrolled nce nyob rau hauv cov dej theem.

thaj chaw thov

Hydropower nroj tsuag ntawm hom no tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Kev xaiv cov yam ntxwv rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam thiab kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov twg yog kev hloov pauv HPPs siv nyob rau hauv Russia? Kev lig kev cai, cov chaw uas muaj txoj kab nqes loj ntawm cov dej ntws tau raug xaiv, tom qab ntawd tsim cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom. Roob toj roob hauv pes thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, North Caucasus, suav hais tias tsis yog thaj chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tso chaw ntawm cov chaw siv hluav taws xob hauv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, tab sis nws nyob ntawm no tias lub peev xwm tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim lub ntuj tso dej nrog lub zog siab.. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nyuaj struts, ib feem ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub hydroelectric infrastructure yog nqa tawm underground. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tsis yog tsuas yog kev tsim qauv, tab sis kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam. Nyob rau Kola Peninsula thiab hauv Karelia, qhib nruab nrab-rooj roob hluav taws xob cov chaw siv.

Zaj lus

Structures ntawm diversion hydropower cog
Structures ntawm diversion hydropower cog

Raws li qhov chaw ntawm lwm lub zog, kev hloov pauv dej hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau yam zoo. Cov no yog cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab muaj zog txaus generators muaj peev xwmlub sij hawm mus txog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv xws li HPPs, nyob rau hauv lem, yog vim lawv cov txheej txheem complexity thiab siab tu nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nruj me ntsis rau qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj tsim cov teeb meem kev thauj mus los ntxiv hauv kev xa hluav taws xob mus ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov duab kos duab ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no tseem suav tias yog kev cog lus thiab hauv qee qhov kev lag luam tau pom zoo rau lawv tus kheej ua tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pheej yig.

Pom zoo: