Baikal Pulp thiab Ntawv Zeb: echoes ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis ruaj khov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hmoov tsis zoo, lub pas dej Baikal tshwj xeeb kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hais txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Baikal Pulp thiab Ntawv Zeb, nyob rau hauv lub Slyudyansky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Irkutsk.

Hnub no, ntau tus nkag siab tias nws yog ib qho yuam kev los tsim ib lub lag luam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Lub xeev cov kev ntsuas tau tsim los txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig uas tshwm sim los ntawm Baikal Pulp thiab Paper Mill. Chaw nyob: Baikalsk, Promploshchadka, Tsentr.

Yuav ua li cas lub tuam txhab tsim

Cov nroj tsuag pib ua haujlwm xyoo 1966. Cov cheeb tsam muaj nyob rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 750 hectares, 150 km ntawm Irkutsk thiab 1.5 km sab hnub tuaj ntawm Baikalsk. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub lag luam ntawm lub enterprise, kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam xav tau high-zoo cord pulp. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam koom nrog kev noj cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej ntshiab tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb no piav qhia txog kev xaiv qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho ntawm Baikal Pulp thiab Paper Plant.cog.

Rau ntau lawm, cov cuab yeej siv tshiab kawg rau lub sijhawm ntawd thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv rau kev kho cov dej siv tau siv. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tswj xyuas tas li los ntawm pej xeem thiab ib puag ncig, cov chaw kho dej tau txhim kho tsis tu ncua, cov koom haum tshawb fawb tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, sludge processing systems, thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig zuj zus. Nyob rau hauv 2013, lub pulp thiab ntawv zeb nyob ze Baikalsk raug kaw mus tas li.

Lub Nroog Baikalsk

Qhov kev sib hais haum no tau tshwm sim ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev. Txij thaum pib, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv zeb tau ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev siv pej xeem ntawm Baikalsk. Nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab:

• Kev tsim nyiaj hauv nroog.
• Muab cov neeg nyob hauv tshav kub thiab hluav taws xob.
• dej kub thiab dej txias.
• Kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam.

Cov pej xeem hauv Baikalsk mus txog 16 txhiab tus neeg. 4130 ntawm lawv yog cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog ua haujlwm, 1665 tau ua haujlwm ntawm Baikal Pulp thiab Paper Mill. Cov khoom raug tsim txawv. Cov no yog wrapping ntawv, pulp thiab lwm yam khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb bleached pulp tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv hauv kev tsim cov foob pob hluav taws Bulava thiab Topol.

Teeb meem ntawm kev kaw Baikal Pulp thiab Ntawv Zeb

Tom qab kev kaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov teeb meem tsis tsuas yog tsis mus qhov twg, tab sis kuj hnyav rau ntau txoj hauv kev:

• Thaum lub nroog tsim kev lag luam raug kaw, ntau tus tau tso tseg yam tsis ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem ntawm Baikalsk raug kev txom nyem, teeb meem kev sib raug zoo zuj zus.
• Daim ntawv qhia cov pas dej (pulp thiab ntawv zeb khib nyiab cia tank) tsis tau ploj mus qhov twg, tag nrho cov ntim uas yog 8 lab m3 3. Recycling yuav tsum tau siv tshuab tshwj xeeb. Nyiaj tau faib rau qhov no, lub sijhawm kawg tau tas sijhawm ntev dhau los, tab sis txoj kev tsim nyog tsis pom tau ntau xyoo.
• Geological kev hem thawj tas li looms vim av nkos los ntawm Khamar-Daban ridge thiab seismic txaus ntshai ntawm cheeb tsam no.
• Cov teeb meem hauv zej zog tej zaum yuav tshwm sim rau cov pej xeem, vim tias cov chaw cia khoom nyob tsuas yog 200 meters ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab 400 meters ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Baikal.

A Dangerous Legacy

Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Xwm Txheej Xwm thiab Ecology ntawm Irkutsk Thaj Chaw, nyob rau uantej xyoo 2018, tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv xaj kom pib ua haujlwm rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntawv zeb. JSC "Rosgeologiya" tau lees paub los ua kom tiav cov lus cog tseg. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kwv yees li ntawm rau billion rubles, yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lignin sludge nrog tag nrho cov loj ntawm 6,500 txhiab tons. Cov no yog cov seem ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov xwm txheej, khaws cia hauv cov chaw kho dej ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj lignin Cheebtsam (txog 53%), alumina (los ntawm 16 mus rau 24.9%), thiab cov seem 10% yog cellulose fibers thiab polyacrylamides.

Kev sim ua ntej pov tseg cov pov tseg no ua tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia chaw cia 30 xyoo dhau los, anaerobic lwj pib tshwm sim, gases tau tsim. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab incinerating pov tseg tsis tau cag, yog liYuav ua li cas cov tshuaj lom raug tso tawm thaum combustion.

Tiv thaiv av nkos kev puas tsuaj

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem xaus rau hauv Baikal yam tsis tau tos kom pov tseg. Yog tias cov av nkos nqis los ntawm roob Khamar-Daban, cov ntsiab lus tsuas yog ntxuav tawm ntau lab tons ntawm sludge ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub pas dej. Cov kws tshaj lij-limnologists ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb (Listvyanka) ceeb toom txog qhov no.

Mudflows nyob rau yav qab teb thaj tsam Baikal tshwm sim txhua 4 xyoo caum. Nyob rau hauv Baikalsk nws yog nyob rau hauv 71. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau cov ntaub ntawv av nkos tau sau tseg, thiab cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag tau loj hlob raws ntug dej. Thaum thawj tus dej nag muaj zog heev, cov av nkos tau ua tau, uas yuav tawg mus rau hav zoov thiab txhua yam hauv nws txoj kev.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj, ib txoj kev npaj tau tsim los tsim cov qauv tiv thaiv cov av nkos raws tus dej Malaya thiab Bolshaya Osinovka. Lawv yuav raug ntsia ze ntawm Slyudyansky koog tsev kawm ntawv qhov chaw ntawm Irkutsk cheeb tsam. Qhov kev tsim kho no kim heev rau cov peev nyiaj hauv cheeb tsam, tab sis tsim nyog.

Nyob zoo li cas hnub no

Raws li lub Peb Hlis 2019, yav dhau los Baikal Pulp thiab Paper Mill tab tom ua tiav kev sim ua kom tiav los tsim cov thev naus laus zis rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm thaj chaw ua lag luam ntawm cov paj ntoo thiab ntawv zeb. Rosgeo JSC xav tias yav tom ntej thaj chaw yuav raug siv tsuas yog rau nws qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab. Lub sijhawm ua kom tiav yog teem rau lub Rau Hli xyoo no.

Raws li tus Thawj Coj General ntawm JSC Roman Panov, theem tsim thiab kev npaj yuav ua tiav rau lub Tsib Hlis, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawmpov tseg - tom qab 2 xyoos. Hauv 2021, qhov teeb meem yuav daws tau. Nyob rau hauv 2013, tom qab kaw ntawm Baikal Pulp thiab Ntawv Zeb, ib qho kev txiav txim tau muab los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm ib tug expo center "Reserves ntawm Russia" nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub pulp thiab ntawv zeb. Qhov ze ntawm qhov spurs ntawm Khamar-Daban ridge ua rau roob thiab hiking tourism ua tau.

Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Baikalsk, Sobolinaya Gora caij ski chaw ua haujlwm, kev mus ncig ntev mus rau biosphere cia, mus rau lub pas dej sov thiab lwm yam khoom raug teeb tsa. Lub nroog muaj ib tug niaj hnub infrastructure. Muaj cov hauv kev zoo rau kev txhim kho cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab.

Cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig ntseeg tias nrog kev tshem tawm cov kab ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntawv zeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Baikal, cov teeb meem ntawm lub pas dej tshwj xeeb yuav tsis ploj mus. Flora thiab fauna raug hem los ntawm xiav-ntsuab algae thiab tons ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg tom qab tus so ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws uas tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm. Tab sis cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Lake Baikal paub tseeb tias txhua yam teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau yog tias peb mus txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov peev txheej ntuj muaj lub luag haujlwm.