ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau: yam ntxwv, kev piav qhia, duab
ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau: yam ntxwv, kev piav qhia, duab

Video: ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau: yam ntxwv, kev piav qhia, duab

Video: ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau: yam ntxwv, kev piav qhia, duab
Video: Leng Yang - Yog Vim Dab Tsi (Official Full Song | Nkauj Tawm Tshiab) 2020/05/24 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj ntawm xyoo 1941-1945, peb cov tub rog tau ntsib ob qhov xwm txheej tu siab: qhov yuav luag tag tsis muaj phom loj thiab kev sib tsoo dav hlau. Tsis yog, lawv tau nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm airfields, tab sis feem ntau tsuas yog tsis muaj dab tsi los tiv thaiv cov tub rog kab ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim - ntev, yuav luag peb xyoos kev tswj hwm ntawm fascist aviation hauv huab cua thiab kev poob loj hauv cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.

anti-aircraft installation Zu 23 2
anti-aircraft installation Zu 23 2

Yog vim li cas nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov ua rog, cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntawm USSR tau muab pov rau hauv kev txhim kho cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, ntawm lwm yam, yog ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm ZU-23 yooj yim. Nws tau ua haujlwm rau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv, uas ua rau cov ntxaib (cannon-rocket) ZU-30, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab txog qhov kev vam meej tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tswv yim nws tus kheej.

Nws tuaj txog li cas?

Yog li, tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua tiav kev kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim kho dua tshiab. Nws tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd tias 25-mm phom, vim lawv qhov hnyav tshaj, tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau lub nkoj. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg nyiam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd 37-mm caliber tau pom meej tsis txaus los ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb "av".

Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog tau thov sai sai rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me tsis siv neeg, zoo ib yam li cov uas tau teeb tsa rau lub dav hlau tua thaum tsov rog. Qhov tseeb, rab phom los ntawm cov lus dab neeg Il-2 tau coj los ua lub hauv paus. Nco ntsoov tias ntau txhiab tus ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab lawv cov 20-mm counterparts uas tam sim no muaj los ua tsis muaj npe nrov dua li cov phom ntawm lawv cov "neeg yawg koob" nyob deb.

ua 232
ua 232

Tam sim no xyoo 1955, tau nthuav tawm ib qhov project ntawm anti-aircraft 23-mm tshuab rab phom 2A14. Cov engineers tau npaj ob qho kev teeb tsa: ib leeg thiab ntxaib. Lub tom kawg tam sim ntawd muaj qhov tseem ceeb, thiab yog li ntawd tau ua nyob rau hauv peb versions ib zaug. Txhua hom tsuas muaj kev xaiv tsav tsheb xwb, nruab nrog tus qauv ZAP-23 tiv thaiv dav hlau pom.

Tus thawj coj txiav txim siab tias tus qauv ZU-14 feem ntau ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cov tub rog. Nws yog nws uas nyob rau hauv 1959 tau "tsav" los ntawm tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm caj npab nyob rau hauv ob peb lub nroog tub rog. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 1960, muab lub npe ZU-23. Nroj Tsuag No. 535 tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev tshem tawm ntxiv ntawm txhua qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg thiab "cov kab mob thaum yau" tau siv sijhawm 10 xyoo, tom qab ntawd ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau yug los.

Tsim nta

Automation ua haujlwm vim lub zog ntawm cov hmoov paug tawm. Lub kaw-hom kaw, lub thoob yog kaw los ntawm so nws "outgrowths" nyob rau hauv lub cutouts ntawm lub receiver. muaj hmootus tsim ntawm lub thoob mounts ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov nws nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua teeb meem nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 15-20 vib nas this. Tsis tas li ntawd ua tau zoo heev yog cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug aiming drives, nruab nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav poob siab-absorbing li.

anti-aircraft installations zu 23 2 duab
anti-aircraft installations zu 23 2 duab

Tus neeg teb xov tooj siv sijhawm tsawg heev kom raug tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj. Yog tias koj saib cov lus piav qhia ntawm ZU-23-2, uas tau muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov kev teeb tsa no, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawd tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev cob qhia tuaj yeem ua rau lub hom phiaj tsuas yog 5-15 vib nas this. Thiab qhov no yog kev siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag! Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum cov tub rog muaj ib tug modernized ZU-30M nrog optoelectronic systems ntawm lawv pov tseg, lub capture thiab taug qab cov khoom yog nqa tawm yuav luag instantly.

Cov pob tw tuaj yeem txav mus rau sab nraud hauv tsuas yog peb vib nas this! Cov mos txwv - daim kab xev. Daim kab xev siv yog hlau, tus qauv loj yog 50 rounds, uas tau ntim rau hauv ib lub thawv hlau, uas tso cai rau reloading rab phom sai li sai tau. Txhua lub thawv nrog daim kab xev thiab cov cartridges hnyav ze li 35.5 kg. Platform rau kev teeb tsa - kheej kheej, nruab nrog peb lub ntswj ntsia hlau. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nrawm nrawm rau hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua.

Lub platform yog nruab nrog lub log nqa. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm stowed, lub installation sawv ntawm ob lub log los ntawm lub tsheb GAZ-69. Muaj lub torsion bar ncua kev kawm uas ua haujlwm kom txo qis qhov yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau rab phom thaum thauj nws hla cov av ntxhib. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tseem ceeb,Raws li nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev sib tsoo hnyav, ntau dua los yog tsawg txoj kev ib txwm muaj tsawg heev.

Kev taw qhia, tua ntawm ntau hom phiaj

ZU-23-2 aiming yog ua los ntawm kev siv ZAP-23 pom twb tau hais los saum toj no. Qhov ntau yam tam sim no mus rau lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv thaj tsam li 3000 meters. Qhov no muaj tseeb rau nqe lus 00 thiab hauv av ceev ntawm cov khoom taug qab txog li 300 m / s. Qhov pom no tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa cov hlau lead uas yuav tsum tau ua kom raug, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub dav hlau raug rho tawm haujlwm.

Thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, tib txoj kev kho tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm qhov deb mus txog 2000 meters. Qee qhov xwm txheej (kev sim ntsuas), qhov ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab "manually", tab sis feem ntau lawv siv cov kev pab los ntawm lub tso suab ntau yam finder rau qhov no. Tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv yog nkag los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj los ntawm qhov muag. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab nws cov azimuth yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Vim li no, ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau (peb muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog qhov "thov" rau cov neeg coob uas tau kawm zoo.

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no yog qhov tseeb tias qhov tsim ntawm qhov pom kev tsis tu ncua ZAP-23 suav nrog kev pom rau hauv av lub hom phiaj T-3. Nco ntsoov tias nws muaj ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev pom.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau

anti-aircraft phom zu 23 2 yam ntxwv
anti-aircraft phom zu 23 2 yam ntxwv

Oddly txaus, tab sis ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nto moo tsis yog rau nws cov txuj ci "cua", tab sis rau kev siv hauv av. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zos ntawm xyoo tas los no, nws tau pom tias qhov riam phom no yog qhov zoo tshaj plawslub ntsiab striking txhais tau tias ntawm motorized rifle tuam txhab uas muag, txij li thaum lawv tsuas tsis muaj dab tsi ntau haum. Ua ntej, ZSU tuaj yeem xa mus yuav luag tam sim ntawd rau hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua. Thib ob, nrog nws txoj kev pab, txhua hom phiaj xwm nyob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha (txog li ib mais) tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm sai li sai tau.

Ntau zaus qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv ZU-23-2 tshwm sim hauv kev sib tsoo nrog cov yeeb ncuab tsis sib xws kev ua tub rog, uas yog, nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua phem. Alas, dhau 20 xyoo dhau los, lawv tau dhau los ua "fashion trend" tiag tiag.

Lwm "qhov tseem ceeb" ntawm tus tsim

Qhov zoo dua ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej engineering ntawm txoj haujlwm. Ib qhov ntau lossis tsawg dua qhov saum npoo yog txaus. Ntawm no ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub possibilities ntawm cov ntsia hlau jacks, vim hais tias txawm ib tug nqes hav ntawm 30 degrees yuav tig mus rau hauv ib tug zoo tagnrho dav hlau. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan thiab Chechnya, qhov twg ZU-23-2 23mm anti-aircraft phom tau siv nyob rau hauv roob.

Nws ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke zoo tuaj yeem nqa lub teeb tsa rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv 15-20 vib nas this. Los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua mus rau marching - hauv 35-40 vib nas this. Hauv kev xyaum, nws tau raug pov thawj tias, yog tias tsim nyog, ZU-23-2 tuaj yeem tua hluav taws ntawm kev txav mus los, thaum nyob hauv txoj haujlwm stowed. Tau kawg, nws nyuaj rau hu qhov raug thiab qhov tseeb txaus siab, tab sis nws yuav ua rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum muaj xwm ceev.

Cais, koj yuav tsum tham txog kev txav mus los zoo heev ntawm kev teeb tsa. Txhua lub tsheb tub rog tuaj yeem nqa nws hauv cab, txij li txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv tag nrhodaim ntawv, qhov loj ntawm lub cim xeeb yog ntau tsawg tshaj li ib tuj. Ntawm txoj kev pav, qhov ceev ntawm kev thauj mus los tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70 km / h, thiab off-road - mus txog 20 km / h. Yog li lub ZU-23-2, cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov peb muab, yog qhov tsis tshua muaj "tag nrho cov av" phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.

Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb heev kuj yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog cov qib steel yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho, yog li kev kho tuaj yeem txhim kho ntawm txhua lub lag luam uas muaj tsawg kawg yog cov tshuab qub qub thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

mos txwv, yam ntxwv ntawm daim cartridges

zu 23 2 technical description
zu 23 2 technical description

Tus qauv mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm ZU-23-2 suav nrog 23 hli puag ncig. Plhaub siv ob hom - BZT thiab OFZT (OFZ). Thawj yog armor-piercing incendiary tracer. Nws yog tsim nrog ib tug khoom lub taub hau ib feem, qhov loj ntawm uas yog 190 g. Cov hauv qab ib feem muaj ib tug nqi rau tracing, lub taub hau ib feem muaj ib tug incendiary muaj pes tsawg leeg. OFZ, uas yog, cov nqi tawg tawg siab heev, muaj lub taub hau hnyav 188.5 g. Txog rau thaum xyoo 90s, ZU-23-2 (cov lus piav qhia txog kev teeb tsa tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm) feem ntau siv hom mos txwv no.

Lub fuse hauv ob qhov xwm txheej yog siv hom V19UK (hauv cov qauv thaum ntxov - MG-25). Nws peculiarity nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus kheej-kua kua, nws lub sij hawm teb yog 11 vib nas this. Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov projectile, 77 grams ntawm 5/7 CFL hom phom phom yog siv los ua tus nqi zog. Nco ntsoov tias tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov mos txwv no, ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb hauv tsev ib zaug tau koom nrog kev tsim cov phom phom tshiab, uas yuavmuaj siab tshaj plaws zog siv thiab combustion rate.

Ballistic nta ntawm mos txwv

Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm daim cartridge (tsis hais lub npe) yog 450 g. Cov ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kuj zoo ib yam. Thawj qhov ceev yog 980 m / s, qhov siab tshaj plaws ("qab nthab") yog 1500 m, qhov siab tshaj plaws lav tau txog li 2000 m.

Txawm li cas los xij, ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau (peb twb tau tshuaj xyuas nws cov yam ntxwv) tsim nyog tau txais kev thuam ntau thaum ob lub phiaj xwm Chechen: nws tau pom tias OFZ plhaub tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm hauv Hauv nroog, raws li lawv muaj kev nkag mus tsis zoo.

Raws li txoj cai, txoj siv sia tau thauj khoom raws li txoj cai tsis sau: plaub OFZT plhaub ib BZT. Thiab ntxiv. Lub MG-25 fuse, uas muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus, tam sim no tau hloov tag nrho los ntawm V-19UK. Cov laj thawj rau qhov no yog qhov yooj yim. Ua ntej, nws qhov rhiab heev rau qhov chaw ntom ntom yog zoo ib yam li cov qauv dhau los, tab sis lub fuse tsis tawg thaum lub projectile los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov nag. Thib ob, nws muaj kev tiv thaiv noo noo zoo dua.

Sib ntaus sib tua

Thawj zaug, kev siv yeej ntawm ZU-23-2 tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Afghan phiaj xwm. Lawv, vim lawv qhov hnyav, compactness, yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev tua, yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau npog cov pab pawg me ntawm Mujahideen thim rov qab. Tau kawg, Shilki ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov no…

Tsuas yog rab phom tua tus kheej xwbsawv daws yeej tsis txaus. Ua ntej, cov tub rog "semi-hauv av" tau teeb tsa "Zushki" nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom tom qab hauv cov tub rog kab, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ZU-23-2 hauv lub luag haujlwm no tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm tub rog tub ceev xwm ntawm txhua qib. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau lawv pib mounted rau Ural-375 thiab KAMAZ tsheb thauj khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau pom tias tsib ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab tub rog txawm tias los ntawm ntau qhov kev tawm tsam, qhov tseeb "crumbling" tom kawg hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.

Qhov tseeb yog tias BMP-1, nrog lub phom loj uas muaj lub kaum sab xis meager ntawm qhov siab, tau dhau los ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov tub rog ntawm Mujahideen ambushes hauv roob. Tsis yog tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov riam phom no thiab kev tsov kev rog uas tshwm sim hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm USSR tam sim ntawd tom qab lub tebchaws tawg. Thiab niaj hnub no, ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft installation, cov duab uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov "kub chaw" ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Ntawm qhov kev txhim kho tsis ntev los no, nws tsim nyog hais txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Ukrainian, uas ob tog ua rau hnyav siv zushki.

23 hli anti-aircraft phom zu 23 2
23 hli anti-aircraft phom zu 23 2

Thiab qhov no, qhov ntxaib tiv thaiv dav hlau teeb tsa ZU-23-2 tau siv tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Ob sab ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau los tshem tawm cov dav hlau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev ua phem (tseem tsis muaj qhov seem), tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua phem rau cov ntsiab lus fortified, riam phom no ua pov thawj tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

kev hloov kho tshiab

Alas, tab sis nrog tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig, txawm tias qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm huab cua lub hom phiaj yog me me, tsuas yog 0, 023. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntausnyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau niaj hnub (nrog rau qhov kev zam ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub) txawm qis dua, thiab tseem ceeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, hluav taws kub hnyiab los ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no tsis tau poob nws qhov cuam tshuam, vim tsuas yog ob peb hits yuav lov tes taw yuav luag txhua lub dav hlau. Txoj hauv kev tawm yog qhov kev teeb tsa tsis siv neeg pom thiab lub hom phiaj taug qab. Nov yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm KB Tochmash im. A. E. Neeb. Lawv txoj haujlwm tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ZU-23-2 cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tshiab. Cov duab ntawm cov qauv no yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv, vim tias lawv muaj cov thawv tso rau cov cuaj luaj los tiv thaiv lub dav hlau.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv hloov kho

Ntxiv rau, qhov hloov kho "zushki" muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev taw qhia, qhov tseeb pom nrog lub teeb pom kev ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm, lub laser rangefinder uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov kev ncua deb nrog qhov tseeb txog li ib 'meter' txawm nyob rau hauv tsis pom kev zoo. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm hmo ntuj, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog cov duab thaij duab thermal, uas raug txheeb xyuas cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rau ob peb mais. Txoj kev xav, qhov no tso cai rau txawm tias niaj hnub sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub raug tshem tawm.

Qhov pom tsis tu ncua ZAP-23 nrog tus neeg tua phom qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau raug cais tawm tag nrho los ntawm kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau niaj hnub. Nws qhov chaw raug coj los ntawm ib qho optoelectronic module nrog cov kev taw qhia ntxiv thiab kev tswj hwm. Tus tsim tawm Podolsky hais tias vim yog tag nrho cov kev hloov tshiab no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntaus lub hom phiaj tau nce peb zaug ib zaug. Tab sis qhov tiag "ntaus" yog ZU-30M qauv, tus tsim ntawm uasmuab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm MANPADS ntim xws li "Needle", Stinger lossis lwm tus, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg.

Yog li ntawd, ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, cov yam ntxwv uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm peb hauv tsab xov xwm, tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tag nrho ntawm cov phom tua dav hlau yooj yim, zoo thiab pheej yig. Ua niaj hnub, "zushka" tuaj yeem siv rau nws lub hom phiaj rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Peb kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias Poland, nyob rau hauv uas nws "bins" muaj ntau yam xws li anti-aircraft phom, yog arbitrarily koom nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm modernized qauv raws li lawv. Cov neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev tau chim siab heev uas cov Poles tsis hwm txoj cai.

anti-aircraft installation ZU 23 2 TTH
anti-aircraft installation ZU 23 2 TTH

Peb cia siab tias ZU-23-2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau piav qhia los ntawm peb thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm tau ua rau koj txaus siab. Qhov riam phom no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov kev txhim kho thawj zaug tso cai rau kev siv phom tiv thaiv dav hlau los ntawm Tsov Rog Txias thiab tseem niaj hnub no.

Pom zoo: