Yuav ua li cas iav? iav ntau lawm technology. iav khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

Saib koj tus kheej hauv lub khw qhov rais, ntxuav koj lub ntsej muag thiab saib daim iav thaum sawv ntxov, saib cov kas fes sib xyaw nrog mis nyuj los ntawm cov phab ntsa pob tshab ntawm lub khob - ib txwm ua haujlwm. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg xav txog dab tsi uas iav ua los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg niaj hnub. Nws tag nrho pib nrog cov khoom xyaw txawv txawv.

iav ntau lawm tshuab pib nrog kev npaj thiab sib tov ntawm cov khoom. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom iav nyob ntawm qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom xyaw.

Raw khoom

Cov iav silicate feem ntau. Lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj silicium oxide - SiO_{2. Quartz xuab zeb yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov khoom no hauv xwm.}

Sodium sulfate, limestone, dej qab zib - yog dab tsi iav yog ua los ntawm. Ib co cullet ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

iav puag sorting

Ua ntej iav ua, cov xuab zeb yog sieved thiab txheeb. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog siv rau kev tsim cov iav qhov rais, qhov zoo tshaj plaws - rau kev tsim cov tais diav, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub,optical lo ntsiab muag thiab cov khoom kos duab. Qhov txawv yog qhov loj ntawm cov nplej thiab cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: qhov zoo dua cov xuab zeb, qhov dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Yog tias cov xuab zeb loj loj, ces cov xuab zeb no yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau lub qhov rais iav.

pib sib tw

Sorted xuab zeb yog thauj mus rau rhiav rau kev ua ntxiv. Quartz raw cov ntaub ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv nruas, cov phab ntsa uas muaj cov zaj duab xis thinnest. Raws li lub nruas tig, cov xuab zeb yog ntxuav nrog dej huv yam tsis muaj tshuaj ntxuav tes. Zaj duab xis yog dej permeable. Cov ntsiab lus yog ejected mus rau ib tug conveyor uas shakes cov ntsiab lus los tshuaj xyuas pebbles loj.

Sorting los ntawm hlau

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev pom zoo los ntxuav cov xuab zeb los ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tom kawg yuav hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov iav. Ua li no, siv cov kauv ntsug ntsug troughs. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog centrifugal, cov khoom hnyav hlau yog nias tawm tsam sab hauv ntawm lub chute, cov xuab zeb sib dua ntawm ntug sab nrauv yog ntxuav thiab mus rau.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntub dej qhuav qhuav. Lub quartz xuab zeb yog pub rau ib puag ncig rotating conveyor. Los ntawm hauv qab nws yog tshuab nrog cua kub. Cov khoom siv qhuav qhuav yog pub rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Muaj

Tseem cov khoom xyaw ntxiv rau hauv cov xuab zeb. Txhua yam yog poured rau hauv lub melting rauv. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1600 degrees, txhua yam yog melted thiab tov nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb spatula, uas yog tas li txias nrog dej txias.

Txias thiab flattening iav nto

Cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw yog nchuav rau hauv cov dab da dej uas muaj cov molten tin. Qhov ntom ntawm qhov kawg yog tsawg dua qhov ntom ntawm cov iav kub, yog li nws kis tau tusyees dhau ntawm da dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau txias rau qhov kub ntawm 600 degrees, vim tias qhov kub ntawm cov tin yog qis dua qhov kub ntawm cov kua iav. Cov menyuam loj rub tawm lub iav mos thiab thawb nws ntxiv.

Qhov ua tau "kawg" iav ntawv yog incised nrog pob zeb diamond. Cov cuab yeej txiav txav mus raws txoj kev ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Daim ntawv yog pub los ntawm kev txav mus tas li. Lub pob zeb diamond "captures" txav, kho thiab txiav txawm tias nplooj ntawv. Tom qab ntawd ib qho ntawm cov chais tau nce thiab cov iav raug cais raws txoj kab txiav.

Txiv iav

Cov nplooj ntawv tshwm sim yog txav los ntawm cov neeg hlau uas muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev. Lawv tuav lub khob thiab hloov mus rau qhov chaw qhia los ntawm tus neeg siv cov chaw taws teeb tswj.

Peb tau tham txog cov theem tseem ceeb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm pob tshab iav ntau lawm. Nws yog siv ntau dua li xim.

iav

Txhawm rau tsim cov iav qhov rais qub, cov iav iav tsis muaj zog ntawm cov xim sib txawv yog xav tau. Ua ntej koj ua cov iav xim, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov xim uas xav tau. Cov khoom siv tshuaj yog ntxiv rau cov khoom siv crushed, uas yuav ua rau cov iav pob tshab. Cov xim txiv kab ntxwv yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cadmium sulfite thiab zinc dawb. Txhawm rau tsim cov xim liab - selenium. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntxiv yog nyob ntawm cov xim thiab kev siv ntawm staining.

khoom siv raukev ua haujlwm

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov iav yog, ntawm chav kawm, ntev, tab sis tam sim no feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm yog automated. Cov cuab yeej muaj ntau yam thiab kim.

Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv iav:

• tsheb thauj cov xuab zeb los ntawm quarries mus rau conveyors;
• conveyor txoj siv rau kev txav cov ntaub ntawv raw mus rau qhov chaw sib cais;
• xuab zeb ntxhua khaub ncaws;
• sorters;
• filtering nroj tsuag;
• installations rau kev sib xyaw;
• iav furnaces;
• theem da dej lossis iav ntawv stretchers;
• conveyors nruab nrog cov menyuam txav iav ncig lub rooj cob qhia;
• automated pob zeb diamond daim ntawv txiav;
• pneumatic grippers.

iav hauv tsev

Craftsmen tuaj yeem ua iav txawm nyob hauv tsev. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xam cov proportions ntawm lub Cheebtsam. Tom qab kawm txog dab tsi iav yog ua los ntawm, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm yav tom ntej iav sib tov muaj xws li: xuab zeb, dej qab zib, txiv qaub, tawg iav.

Yuav ua li cas iav hauv tsev:

1. Npaj cov khoom tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom sov 180 grams ntawm ci dej qab zib tshaj qhov hluav taws kub kom txog thaum cov dej evaporates. Sov li 400 grams ntawm sifted ntxuav xuab zeb on hluav taws, qhuav. Sib tov 80 grams ntawm txiv qaub. Ncuav rau hauv ib lub tais. Ntxiv 10 grams boric acid thiab ob lub rooj ntsev.
2. Yuav ua iav koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum npaj lub thawv. hlau khoom siv rautswj kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv high kub, nws yog advisable rau lub tsho tiv no nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm kua iav thiab av nplaum nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej. Ua li no, sib tov ob peb tablespoons ntawm cov qauv av nplaum nrog dej kom txog thaum nws ua kua. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv ib los yog ob tablespoons kua iav. Npog cov tais diav nrog txhuam.
3. Teeb lub nkoj coated ntawm roj. Nws nto yuav npog nrog convex "pimples".
4. Npaj cullet: sift cov tais diav. Ncuav peb tablespoons ntawm cov iav me me rau hauv ib lub tais ua noj. Ntxiv cov khoom siv ntxiv.
5. Muab sib tov rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Koj tuaj yeem tshuab nws nrog lub forge. Tom qab peb mus rau plaub teev, qhov sib tov yuav yaj mus rau lub khob kua dej sib xws.

qauv qauv

Muaj ntau hom iav. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm txhua hom, lub xeev cov qauv tau tsim, uas piav qhia txog cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Muaj GOSTs rau quartz, ntawv, kho mob, multilayer, nkhaus, inorganic, kho qhov muag thiab lwm yam iav. Lawv piav qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis, hom, hom kev txiav txim siab zoo, kev faib tawm.

iav qib

Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom loj tsim ntau hom ntawv iav. Qhov no yog vim qhov nrov glazing ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm loj thiab cov khw muag khoom hauv cov nroog loj. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom feem ntau siv GOST No. 111-90 "Daim iav. Specifications."

Los ntawm lub hom phiaj, iav muab faib ua cov qib hauv qab no:

• M1 - iavtxhim kho. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom yog tsis ntau tshaj 6 hli thiab tsis tsawg tshaj li 2 hli. Tsim los rau lub tsheb cua, iav zoo.
• M2 - iav. Siv rau kev tsim cov iav, tsom iav hauv pej xeem thauj.
• M3 - polished technical. Lawv tsim cov khoom dai ntawm rooj tog, iav.
• M4 - polished qhov rais. Pab kom zoo glazing ntawm cov qauv ntawm translucent, nyab xeeb iav ntawm tsheb.
• M5 - qhov rais tsis tau zoo dua. Siv rau lub qhov rais tsheb ua liaj ua teb.
• M6 - lub qhov rais tsis tau polished. Siv los tsim cov qauv translucent.
• M7 - polished showcase. Lub thickness yog los ntawm 6.5mm mus rau 12mm. Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov qhov rais khw, stained-iav qhov rais.
• M8 - tsis muaj qhov muag pom. Lub khw qhov rais thiab teeb yog tsim los ntawm nws.

Kev faib cov khoom iav

Ib puag ncig ib tug neeg muaj cov khoom ua los ntawm iav los yog nrog nws cov khoom. Koj tuaj yeem nthuav dav lawv raws li kev npaj siv.

Main iav khoom pawg:

1. khoom hauv tsev. Uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv tsev neeg, kos duab thiab zoo nkauj, chav ua noj tais diav. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog siv los khaws thiab khaws cov khoom noj. Artistic thiab zoo nkauj - muaj cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj yog ua los ntawm borosilicate lossis iav-ceramic iav, uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws kub. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm braziers, pots,ducklings.
2. Lub tsev - iav siv hauv kev tsim kho. Cov khoom muaj xws li iav rau qhov rais, showcases, stained-iav qhov rais, ob-glazed qhov rais, iav blocks, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsev.
3. Technical - iav nrog nqaim tshwj xeeb. Xws li kho qhov muag kho qhov muag, kuaj iav iav, thauj siv hluav taws xob, tsheb qhov chaw.

iav daim ntawv thov

Cov khoom iav siv rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Hauv qee qhov, nws qhov nyuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb, hauv lwm tus - pob tshab, qhov zoo yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig sib npaug txhua qhov chaw.

iav daim ntaub ntawv:

1. Optics. Qhov tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov pob tshab ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yav tom ntej. Siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, tub rog, aerospace thiab cov neeg siv khoom optics.
2. iav pob tshab. Nquag siv hauv kev tsim kho rau kev tsim kho lub teeb pom kev zoo.
3. Cov iav yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov iav iav thiab lwm yam mosaics.
4. Art iav. Hom no yog siv los tsim thawj cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov khoom sab hauv.
5. iav enamel. Nws yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov nrog kev ua haujlwm siab abrasion. Nws yog nquag siv los npog cov vuas luaj ceramic, da dej, faience sanitary ware, galvanic bathtubs.
6. Fiberglass, fiberglass. Lawv yog siv los tsim cov iav ntaub plaub, fiberglass thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
7. Optical fiber ntau. Nws yog siv los ua cov xov tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas lus, Internet, TV networks.
8. Photochromiciav. Hom iav no yog siv los tiv thaiv lub teeb. Siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov looj tsom iav dub, kom tsaus qhov rais hauv pej xeem thauj.
9. Dielectric iav - dav siv rau kev tsim cov insulators hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.

iav qhov chaw tsim khoom

iav ntau lawm tau khaws cia hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm yav dhau los USSR. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheeb ze yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom.

iav ntau lawm hauv Russia yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv qab no:

LLC "BSZ" - Boyar iav Hoobkas, cov chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws. Ua tempered, tinted iav thiab triplex. Cov khoom yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam automotive: rau windshields, sab qhov rais hauv tsheb. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Bor, Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam.

JSC "Salavatsteklo" tsim cov iav iav rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, rooj tog zaum thiab kev lag luam thauj khoom. Lub tuam txhab tsim cov iav fwj. Ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan, lub nroog ntawm Salavat.

JSC "Saratovstroysteklo" tsim cov ntawv iav siv cov txheej txheem dav hlau niaj hnub. Lub tuam txhab tsim cov iav qib M1, M4 thiab M7. Cov khoom ntawm Saratov iav Hoobkas tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Kremlin Palace ntawm Congresses, Rossiya Hotel thiab lwm tus.

LLC "Pilkington Glass" yog lub chaw tsim khoom siv iav hauv tebchaws Askiv hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Ua ib txoj kab tshwj xeeb ntawm hnub ci tswj iav uasdav siv hauv tsev glazing. Cov khoom muaj suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev, yog li nws yog siv rau glazing vaj tse nyob ze txoj kev thiab railway kab.

Tus Saib Xyuas Steklo Ryazan LLC yog lub tuam txhab Lavxias, hauv kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej siv. Lub tuam txhab tsim fiberglass thermal rwb thaiv tsev, hnub ci tswj thiab multifunctional, lub zog txuag iav. Txoj kab rau kev tsim cov iav nrog cov xim pleev xim yog ua haujlwm.

JSC "Vostek" - qhov chaw tsim khoom uas tsim cov iav los siv rau hauv kev tsim cov qhov rais thiab tsev cog khoom glazing. Lub tuam txhab sib koom ua lag luam tsim baguette, frosted, tempered iav. Koom nrog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm pawg ntseeg Catholic thiab lwm lub tsev muaj txiaj ntsig, ua haujlwm ib txoj kab ntawm kev txiav iav tsis siv neeg. Kev tsim khoom yog xa mus rau Askiv, Holland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub nroog St. Petersburg.

CJSC Lub Cim, lub tuam txhab nyob hauv Moscow, tsim cov ntawv iav rau kev lag luam tsheb thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm cov iav laminated iav.

iav tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam loj thiab hauv tsev. Lub ntsiab active ingredient yog nplua quartz xuab zeb. Hom khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub qhov cub melting, cov txheej txheem uas yog automated tag nrho. Ib tug neeg yuav luag tsis muaj zog tau txais cov khoom siv rau ntau yam kev siv - los ntawm kev tsim cov qhov rais ob chav glazed mus rau kev tsim cov fiber optic threads.