Tsawg carbon steel: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov pa roj carbon tsawg yog ubiquitous. Nws cov koob meej yog raws li lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tus nqi qis. Cov alloy no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho. Cia peb saib cov hom hlau no.

Composition

Hlau yog hlau enriched nrog carbon thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem. Cov pa roj carbon smelting yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov impurities: phosphorus (txog 0.07%), silicon (txog 0.35%), sulfur (txog 0.06%), manganese (txog li 0.07%). 0.8%). Yog li, cov hlau me me tsis muaj ntau tshaj 0.25% carbon.

Raws li lwm cov khoom ntxiv, manganese thiab silicon pab kom deoxidize (tshem cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov kua hlau, uas txo cov brittleness thaum kub deformation). Tab sis qhov feem pua ntawm cov leej faj tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm cov hlau thaum kho cua sov, phosphorus - thaum kho mob khaub thuas.

Txoj kev tau txais

Kev tsim cov pa roj carbon tsawg tuaj yeem decomposed mus rau ntau theem: thauj cov hlau thiab seem (them) rau hauv qhov cub, kev kho cua sov rau lub xeev melting, tshem tawm impurities los ntawm pawg.

Ntxiv mus, steel casting lossis kev ua haujlwm ntxiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim: nrog slag lossis nqus tsev vacuum thiab inert gases.

Peb txoj hauv kev yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem zoo li no:

• Open-hearth furnaces. Cov khoom siv tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem melting yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb teev, uas tso cai rau lub chaw soj nstuam soj ntsuam qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• Convector qhov cub. Ua los ntawm purging nrog oxygen. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov alloys tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tsis yog cov zoo, raws li lawv muaj ntau impurities.
• Induction thiab hluav taws xob rauv. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm mus nrog kev siv slag. Ua li no, tau txais cov khoom zoo thiab tshwj xeeb alloys.

Cia peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov alloys.

Views

Cov pa roj carbon tsawg tuaj yeem yog peb hom:

• Nyob zoo. Nyob rau hauv xws li alloys, cov ntsiab lus sulfur tsis tshaj 0.06%, phosphorus 0.07%.
• Quality. Muaj: sulfur mus txog 0.04%, phosphorus mus txog 0.035%.
• zoo heev. Sulfur mus txog 0.025%, Phosphorus txog 0.025%
• Special quality. Tsawg impurity cov ntsiab lus: sulfur mus txog 0.015%, phosphorus - mus txog 0.025%.

Raws li tau hais ua ntej, qhov tsis muaj paug tsawg, qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau zoo.

Cov pa roj carbon tsawg GOST 380-94 ntawm qhov zoo tib yam muab faib ua peb pawg ntxiv:

• A. Txhais los ntawm nws cov neeg kho tshuabkhoom. Daim ntawv xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau ntu thiab cov ntawv hlau.
• B. Cov cim tseem ceeb yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab hauv qab thermal (forging, stamping).
• B. Rau cov hom alloys, cov khoom nram qab no tseem ceeb: kev, thev naus laus zis, lub cev, tshuaj thiab, raws li, muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm deoxidation, hlau tau muab faib ua:

• Tseeb. Txoj kev curing yog mus smoothly. Tsis muaj roj tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no. Shrinkage tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ingot.
• Semi-kho siab. Ib qho kev pom nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau nruab nrab ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab kub hnyiab.
• Nyob. Solidification tshwm sim nrog kev tso pa tawm. Lub tes tsho zais zais.

Basic nta

Low-carbon steel muaj cov ductility siab, yooj yim rau deform hauv lub xeev txias thiab kub. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm no alloy yog zoo weldability. Nyob ntawm cov khoom ntxiv, cov khoom ntawm cov hlau yuav hloov.

Feem ntau, cov pa roj carbon tsawg yog siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam. Qhov no yog vim tus nqi qis thiab cov khoom muaj zog zoo. Xws li ib qho alloy tseem hu ua structural. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau me me yog encrypted hauv cov cim. Hauv qab no peb yuav saib nws cov yam ntxwv.

Marking Features

Cov hlau me me muaj tsab ntawv CT thiab tus lej. Tus lej yuav tsum muab faib los ntawm 100, ces nws yuav yogto taub qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Piv txwv li, CT15 (carbon 0.15%).

Cia peb xav txog lub cim thiab txiav txim siab lub npe:

• Thawj tsab ntawv lossis lawv qhov tsis muaj qhia tias yog ib pab pawg zoo. Nws tuaj yeem yog B lossis C. Yog tias tsis muaj tsab ntawv, ces lub alloy belongs rau qeb A.
• St stands for steel.
• Tus lej xaiv - encrypted feem pua ntawm carbon.
• kp, ps - txhais tau hais tias lub npau npau lossis ib nrab ua kom sov. Qhov tsis muaj npe qhia tias cov hlau nyob twj ywm (cn).
• Tsab ntawv xaiv thiab tus lej tom qab nws nthuav tawm cov impurities uas suav nrog hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lawv feem pua. Piv txwv li, G - manganese, Yu - aluminium, F - vanadium.

Rau cov khoom zoo uas tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg, cov ntawv "St" tsis muab tso rau hauv qhov cim.

Kuj siv xim coding. Piv txwv li, qib 10 me me steel yog dawb. Lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb steels yuav raug xaiv los ntawm cov ntawv ntxiv. Piv txwv li, "K" - yog siv nyob rau hauv boiler tsev; OSV - siv rau kev tsim cov wagon axles, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom lag luam

Ntau pab pawg ntawm cov khoom hlau tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• Daim hlau. Subspecies: daim ntawv tuab (GOST 19903-74), daim ntawv nyias (GOST 19904-74), broadband (GOST 8200-70), strip (GOST 103-76), corrugated (GOST 8568-78)
• Angle profiles. Equal-shelf (GOST 8509-93), tsis sib npaug-txee (GOST 8510-86).
• Channels (GOST 8240-93).
• I-nqaj. Ordinary I-beams (GOST 8239-89), Wide-shelf I-beams (GOST 26020-83, STO ASCHM 20-93).
• Pib.
• Profileed flooring.

Secondary profiles tau ntxiv rau daim ntawv teev npe no, uas yog tsim los ntawm vuam thiab machining.

thaj chaw thov

Cov peev txheej ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg yog qhov dav heev thiab nyob ntawm cov cim:

• St 0, 1, 3Gsp. Kev siv dav hauv kev tsim kho. Piv txwv li, me me steel reinforcing hlau,
• 05kp, 08, 08kp, 08y. Zoo rau stamping thiab kos duab txias (siab plasticity). Siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam automotive: lub cev qhov chaw, roj tso tsheb hlau luam, coils, qhov chaw ntawm welded lug.
• 10, 15. Siv rau qhov chaw uas tsis raug rau cov khoom hnyav. Boiler kav, stampings, couplings, bolts, screws.
• 18kp. Ib daim ntawv thov raug yog cov qauv uas tsim los ntawm vuam.
• 20, 25. Siv dav rau kev tsim cov fasteners. Couplings, valve tappets, thav ntawv thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb.
• 30, 35. Lub teeb axles, sprockets, iav, thiab lwm yam.
• 40, 45, 50. Nruab nrab load qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, crankshafts, kev sib txhuam discs.
• 60-85. Qhov chaw raug kev nyuaj siab. Nws tuaj yeem yog txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb ciav hlau, cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov khoom lag luam dav dav - nws tsis yog cov hlau me me xwb. Kujcov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm complex mechanisms.

Low-alloy thiab low-carbon steel: txawv

txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau, cov ntsiab lus alloying ntxiv.

Cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg (txog li ib feem peb ntawm ib feem pua) thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv (tag nrho feem pua ntawm 4%) hauv cheba yog hu ua low-alloyed. Xws li cov khoom dov khaws cov vuam zoo, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom sib txawv tau txhim kho. Piv txwv li, lub zog, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lwm yam. Raws li txoj cai, ob qho tib si yog siv rau hauv cov qauv welded, uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 40 mus rau 450 degrees Celsius.

vuam nta

Vuam ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg muaj kev ua haujlwm siab. Hom vuam, electrodes thiab lawv cov tuab yog xaiv raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

• Kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau ruaj khov.
• Yuav tsum tsis muaj seam defects.
• Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov seam yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv teev tseg hauv GOST.
• Welded pob qij txha yuav tsum ua raws li kev ua haujlwm (ua haujlwm rau kev vibration, mechanical stress, temperature condition).

Ntau hom vuam siv tau los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide consumable electrode vuam. Thaum xaiv, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub siab fusibility ntawm low-carbon thiab low-alloy alloys.

Hais txog daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, cov pa roj carbon tsawg yog siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab engineering.

Cov qib steel raug xaiv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov zis. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying tuaj yeem txhim kho qee yam khoom (ua haujlwm rau corrosion, kub heev), tab sis kuj ua rau lwm tus. Zoo weldability yog lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov alloys.

Yog li, peb pom tias cov khoom siv qis carbon thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau yog dab tsi.