Cement slurry: cov khoom, kev npaj cov cai, muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua raws li GOST cov cai, lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov
Cement slurry: cov khoom, kev npaj cov cai, muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua raws li GOST cov cai, lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov

Video: Cement slurry: cov khoom, kev npaj cov cai, muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua raws li GOST cov cai, lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov

Video: Cement slurry: cov khoom, kev npaj cov cai, muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua raws li GOST cov cai, lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov
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Thaum lub sijhawm drilling, cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb yog siv los tshem tawm cov txiav thiab cov khoom los ntawm kev txhim kho pob zeb hauv zos. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov drilling rig thiab tshem tawm qhov hauv qab. Kev ntxuav tawm yog nqa tawm siv cov cement slurries, uas tau npaj siv cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb.

Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm cov kua dej drilling

Kev muab cov cement slurry
Kev muab cov cement slurry

Kev ncig ntawm cov dej hauv qhov dej ua rau kev ntxuav lub qhov, uas pab cov txheej txheem drilling thiab ua tiav. Muab hais tias ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov khoom ua tau zoo ntxiv yog siv, ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem xav tau, ntawm cov hauv qab no:

  • Kev tsim lub ncuav mog qab zib lim rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov qhib. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom tsis ruaj khov, cov pob zeb av nplaum thiab cov txheej xoob tau ntxiv dag zog.
  • Pore siab yog counteracted.
  • Lub downhole fais fab nroj tsuag thiab me ntsis kis tauntxiv zog hydraulic.
  • Drilling thiab cement slurries thauj cov pob zeb tsim thiab, tom qab kev ncig ua tiav, khaws cov khoom no hauv kev ncua.
  • Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov roj thiab cov pa qhia thiab kev poob ntawm qhov dej yog tiv thaiv.
  • Kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
  • Muab cov nyhuv lubricating ntawm cov khoom siv drilling.
  • Muab cov cuab yeej txias thiab lubrication.

Lub hauv paus rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cement sib tov

Grouting slurry puag
Grouting slurry puag

Tau tsim cov kua dej drilling, yas thiab cov av nplaum zoo sib xyaw nrog cov xuab zeb me me, uas ua ke nrog cov dej tuaj yeem tsim cov viscous suspension nrog lub sijhawm ntev. Thaum tsim cov roj thiab roj qhov dej, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv alkaline hom montmorillonite av nplaum, nrog rau cov hmoov av nplaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cement slurry muaj xws li kev siv dej, hydrogels thiab ntsev Cheebtsam. Kev sib xyaw niaj hnub suav nrog invert emulsion, txiv qaub-bitumen hauv paus thiab cov khoom siv polymer. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kom ua tiav thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev siv cov tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom tsis tsim nyog muaj xws li impurities xws li gypsum thiab soluble minerals, uas txo qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov av nplaum raw khoom.

Txoj cai tsim kev daws teeb meem

Drilling mix npaj
Drilling mix npaj

txiav cov khoom sib tov yog npaj sivcement mixing units raws li kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Nyob ntawm cov dej num tau teeb tsa thiab cov khoom siv raw siv, cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ua noj. Piv txwv li, yog tias siv cov cement stale, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab rau nws ua kom nws. Cov sib tov qhuav yog pub rau hauv lub tank nrog kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov twj tso kua dej. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom qhuav yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov siab ntawm qib 12-15 MPa. Qhov no yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj cov cement slurries nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau tos lub sij hawm stabilization ntawm cov sib tov, uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb hom yog muab nyob rau hauv lub cement mixing tshuab.

Cov khoom ntawm cov cement sib tov

Cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib tov yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntawv qhia xaiv thiab hauv kev xyaum txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov dej tsim. Cov khoom nram qab no cement slurry raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:

  • dej yield. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev poob siab, cov txheej txheem ntawm dej sib cais los ntawm lub active theem ntawm cov tshuaj tshwm sim. Nyob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub qhov dej, tus nqi ntawm cov kua dej poob yuav txawv, nws raug kho ib tus zuj zus. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws tau npaj los txhim kho cov qauv, ces cov dej poob ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum nyob ze rau xoom.
  • Sedimentation resistance. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais dej los ntawm mortar, uas cov cement loj txav mus, thiab cov kua txav mus.
  • Thickening. Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau cov degree ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj thiab qhov muaj nyobcov ntaub ntawv toughness. Kev nce hauv cov dej feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cuab yeej no, thiab cov nyhuv thib peb thermal cuam tshuam qhov txo qis.
  • Nyob. Raws li txoj cai, technologists siv zog los txhim kho qhov zoo no kom siab tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Ua li no, ua kom qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau kev sib cais ntawm lub cev hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej noo siab.

Kev hloov kho ntawm cov dej drilling khoom

Additives rau cement slurry
Additives rau cement slurry

Kho ntawm qee qhov zoo tsis yog ib txwm ua tau nrog cov lus pom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv cov khoom ntxiv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom ntxiv uas ua tau zoo thiab taw qhia hloov cov khoom xav tau. Ntawm lawv, cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no tau sau tseg:

  • Sodium carbonate. Siv los txo lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus accelerator no, tau txais kev daws teeb meem ceev, tsim nyog rau kev siv ntawm qhov kub txog li 55-65 ° C.
  • Bentonite. Ua kom qhov Performance index ntawm qhov pib txav mus los ntawm cov tshuaj flushing, optimizing ntsuas rau nws cov kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov kev hloov kho no tau pom zoo siv nrog cov cement slurries uas nws qhov ceev sib txawv ntawm 1.5 txog 2.2 g / cm 3.
  • Gypsum cement suspensions. Txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm kev daws cov dej poob. Lub hauv paus ua ntau resistant rau dissolution nyob rau hauv dej. Rau cov dej ntws tawm, kev siv cov kev ncua tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
  • Cement-resin additives. Ib hom plasticizer nrog epoxy resins uas yog siv los ntxuavlub qhov dej nrog cov teeb meem aquifer.

Nyob ntawm cov kua dej drilling

Kev lim dej ntawm cov cement slurry
Kev lim dej ntawm cov cement slurry

Hauv kev xyaum, cov hauv qab no cov cement sib tov feem ntau txawv:

  • Drilling lignite. Alkaline raws cov tshuaj hloov kho nrog lignites.
  • txiv qaub-bitumen mortar. Cov khoom siv roj av yog siv los ua lub hauv paus - kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov nruab nrab dispersion los ntawm cov roj lossis cov roj diesel, nrog rau cov bitumen thiab calcium oxide raws li cov theem tawg.
  • Lub teeb ntxhua khaub ncaws. Sawv cev rau cov tshuaj grouting txo qhov hnyav nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov ceev. Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov qhov dej nrog cov dej tsis tshua muaj siab.
  • Polymer tov. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog raws li cov dej uas muaj high-molecular linear polymers. Feem ntau siv hauv cov txheej txheem pob zeb nyuaj.

Kuaj xyuas ua raws li GOST

Raws li GOST 26798.1-96, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov dej drilling tau txiav txim siab yam tsis xav txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hauv cov xwm txheej tiag tiag nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlua casing. Rau kev ua raws li cov qauv, lub sij hawm thickening ntawm qhov sib tov, ntom thiab viscosity raug tshuaj xyuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rau kev sib xyaw sib txawv, ob qho tib si kev ntsuas thiab cov npe ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas yuav txawv. Yog li, txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab lub zog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov cement slurry, GOST 1581-96 yog siv, yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm txog +30 ° C. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm solidificationcement pob zeb sib tov nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txwv ntim, qhov ntsuas lub zog tuaj yeem siab dua thaum siv cov khoom sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw thaum sau lub qhov dej. Hloov pauv, qhov permeability ntawm cov tshuaj txo qis.

Technology ntawm cement sib tov daim ntawv thov

Drilling nrog cement slurry
Drilling nrog cement slurry

Rau kev siv cov kua dej drilling, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov, cement slurries ua raws li nram no technologies:

  • Cov khoom xyaw yog tov thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb.
  • Cov khoom siv twj tso kua mis pib nqus cov kua dej ntawm lub tank mus rau qhov dej los ntawm txoj hlua xyaum.
  • Qhov sib tov yog xa los ntawm cov kav dej mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej, qhov chaw me ntsis ntawm qhov drilling rig tsim lub pob zeb tom ntej.
  • Cov av nkos rov qab los rau saum npoo, nqa cov pob zeb sib cais los ntawm cov chisel.
  • Cov huab hwm coj nce raws li lub voj voog, hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab laum thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov dej.
  • Nyob rau saum npoo, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lim thiab ntxuav cov tshuaj los ntawm cov sludge tau ua. Ua li no, siv lub vibrating sieve.

Zaj lus

Kev siv cov av nkos
Kev siv cov av nkos

Cement sib tov yog ib qho khoom siv tsim nyog hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim cov qhov dej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov kev siv tsis raug, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo. Tshwj xeeb, kev ua yuam kev hauv kev tsim cov cement slurry yav tom ntej yuav ua rau pob zeb ntog thiab txawmdrilling khoom puas. Yog li ntawd, ib qhov project flushing yog pib kos, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm uas yog ua tib zoo xam. Feem ntau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab seb qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom qhuav, dej, tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cementing units, thiab lwm yam.

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