Homogeneous armor nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tso tsheb hlau luam: lub zog, ricochet

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Armor yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab thiab ua haujlwm rau sab nraud uas cuam tshuam rau deformation thiab ua txhaum ntawm nws txoj kev ncaj ncees. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntawm kev tiv thaiv peb tab tom tham txog: txawm hais tias nws yog knightly armor lossis cov txheej hnyav ntawm cov tsheb sib tw niaj hnub, lub hom phiaj tseem zoo ib yam - los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab coj lub brunt.

Homogeneous armor yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv homogeneous txheej ntawm cov khoom uas muaj zog ntxiv thiab muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv seem. Nws yog hom kev tiv thaiv no uas yuav tau tham hauv kab lus.

History of armor

Thawj cov lus hais txog cov cuab yeej muaj nyob hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab, peb tab tom tham txog cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm cov tub rog. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm ntaj, sabers, axes, hmuv, xub thiab lwm yam riam phom.

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov phom, nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg kev siv cov khoom muag muag hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej thiab txav mus rau cov hlau uas muaj zog thiab tiv taus ntau dua tsis yog rau deformation, tab sis kuj rau ib puag ncig.

Lub sijhawm kho kom zoo nkauj,siv los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam, cim cov xwm txheej thiab kev hwm ntawm cov nom tswv, pib dhau los ua ib yam khoom qub. Cov duab ntawm armor thiab shields pib yooj yim, muab txoj hauv kev rau practicality.

Qhov tseeb, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev nce qib tau raug txo kom muaj kev sib tw nrawm uas tsim cov riam phom tshiab kawg thiab tiv thaiv lawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov yooj yim ntawm cov duab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rau txo tus nqi (vim tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj), tab sis muaj zog practicality. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, armor tau dhau los pheej yig dua.

Hlau thiab hlau txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav kev siv thaum qhov zoo thiab tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov tshwm sim resonated nyob rau hauv shipbuilding thiab mechanical engineering, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ntxiv dag zog rau hauv av lug thiab inactive combat units zoo li catapults thiab ballistas.

Tim armor

Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm metallurgy hauv cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm, kev txhim kho hauv cov tuab ntawm cov plhaub tau pom, uas maj mam coj mus rau qhov zoo li niaj hnub hom armor (tank, nkoj, aviation, thiab lwm yam).

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, kev sib tw caj npab tsis nres ib feeb, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv raws li kev tiv thaiv riam phom uas twb muaj lawm.

Raws li tus qauv tsim, cov cuab yeej hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;

reinforced;

mounted;

sib.

Based ntawm kev siv:

• lub cev armor - txhua yam armor hnav los tiv thaiv lub cev, txawm li cas los xij - cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog nruab nrab lossis lub tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub;
• thauj - hlau alloys hauv daim hlau, nrog rau cov mos txwviav, lub hom phiaj yog los tiv thaiv cov neeg coob thiab cov neeg caij tsheb ntawm cov khoom siv;
• nkoj - armor los tiv thaiv nkoj (hauv qab dej thiab ntog);
• kev tsim kho - ib hom siv los tiv thaiv pillboxes, dugouts thiab ntoo-thiab-lub ntiaj teb tua cov ntsiab lus (bunkers);
• chaw - txhua yam ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab iav los tiv thaiv qhov chaw nres tsheb los ntawm cov khib nyiab orbital thiab cov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha rau sab nrauv;
• cable - tsim los tiv thaiv submarine cables los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv ib puag ncig hnyav.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa thiab tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws.

Cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam txog kev tsim cov tswv yim tsim qauv zoo ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm. Qhov muaj cov zaub mov xws li chromium, molybdenum lossis tungsten tso cai rau kev tsim cov qauv muaj zog; qhov tsis muaj xws li tsim qhov xav tau los tsim cov hom phiaj nqaim. Piv txwv li, armor daim hlau uas yooj yim yuav sib npaug raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj.

Los ntawm lub hom phiaj, cov cuab yeej siv tau muab faib ua cov mos txwv, tiv thaiv qhov projectile thiab cov qauv. Homogeneous armor (los ntawm tib yam khoom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cross-sectional cheeb tsam) los yog heterogeneous (sib txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg) yog siv los tsim ob mos mos mos thiab anti-ballistic coatings. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho.

Homogeneous armor muaj ob qho tib si tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hla, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv zoo tib yam. Lub heterogeneous ib tug tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txawv (hardenedib sab yog steel, piv txwv li).

Rolled homogeneous armor

Raws li txoj kev tsim khoom, cov cuab yeej cuab tam (txawm yog homogeneous lossis heterogeneous) txheej tau muab faib ua:

• Khaub. Qhov no yog ib hom cam khwb cia armor uas tau ua tiav ntawm lub tshuab dov. Vim lub compression ntawm cov xovxwm, cov molecules mus rau ib leeg, thiab cov khoom yog compacted. Hom kev ua haujlwm hnyav no muaj ib qho tsis zoo: nws tsis tuaj yeem raug pov. Siv nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pav ca daim hlau. Ntawm lub tank turret, piv txwv li, yuav tsum muaj ib puag ncig.
• Cast. Yog li ntawd, tsawg ruaj nyob rau hauv feem pua ntawm cov nqe lus dua li yav dhau los version. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li txheej txheej tuaj yeem siv rau lub tank turrets. Cam khwb cia homogeneous armor, ntawm chav kawm, yuav muaj zog tshaj heterogeneous. Tab sis, raws li lawv hais, ib diav zoo rau noj hmo.

Purpose

Yog tias peb xav txog kev tiv thaiv cov mos txwv tiv thaiv cov mos txwv cov pa thiab armor-piercing cov mos txwv, nrog rau cov teebmeem ntawm cov tawg me me thiab cov plhaub, ces qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv ob hom: dov homogeneous high-strength armor lossis heterogeneous. cemented armor nrog siab zog ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum.

Anti-plhaub (tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov projectiles loj) txheej kuj yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog dov thiab nrum homogeneous armor ntawm ob peb lub zog pawg: siab, nruab nrab thiab qis.

Ib yam ntxiv - dov heterogeneous. Nws yog cemented txheej nrog hardening ntawm ib sab,uas nws lub zog txo "hauv qhov tob".

Lub thickness ntawm armor nyob rau hauv relation to hardness nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug piv ntawm 25:15:60 (sab nrauv, sab hauv, rov qab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg).

Daim ntawv thov

Lavxias teb sab tso tsheb hlau luam, zoo li cov nkoj, tam sim no them nrog chromium-nickel lossis npib tsib xee-plated hlau. Ntxiv mus, yog hais tias ib tug steel armored siv nrog isothermal hardening yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ships, ces lub tso tsheb hlau luam yog overgrown nrog ib tug sib tov tiv thaiv plhaub, uas muaj ob peb txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Piv txwv li, lub tsho tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej ntawm Armata universal kev sib ntaus sib tua platform yog sawv cev los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw uas yog impenetrable rau niaj hnub anti-tank projectiles txog li 150 mm caliber thiab sub-caliber xub-puab projectiles mus txog 120 mm caliber.

Thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus los tiv thaiv kuj tau siv. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws armor los yog tsis. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam Lavxias tau txhim kho, thiab nrog lawv cov kev tiv thaiv tau txhim kho.

Armor vs Projectile

Tau kawg, nws tsis zoo li cov tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tank nco ntsoov cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, qhia tias lub thickness ntawm txheej tiv thaiv yog dab tsi thiab qhov projectile ntawm millimeter nws yuav muaj dab tsi., nrog rau qhov tseeb hais tias cov armor ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua lawv siv yog homogeneous tshuab los tsis.

Cov khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej niaj hnub tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "thickness" ib leeg. Rau qhov yooj yim vim li cas qhov kev hem thawj los ntawm niaj hnub projectiles, tawm tsam, qhov tseeb, xws li lub plhaub tiv thaiv tau tsim, los ntawm lub zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub projectiles.

Kinetic zog

Kinetic zog (nws yog qhov zoo dua los hais tias "kev hem thawj kinetic") txhais tau tias lub peev xwm ntawm qhov projectile dawb paug rau flash los ntawm armor. Piv txwv li, ib qhov projectile ua los ntawm depleted uranium los yog tungsten carbide yuav tho los ntawm nws. Homogeneous steel armor yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kev ntaus cov. Tsis muaj cov txheej txheem uas nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias 200 mm homogeneous yog sib npaug rau 1300 mm heterogeneous.

Cov lus zais ntawm kev tawm tsam qhov projectile yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv vector ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov projectile ntawm lub thickness ntawm txheej.

HEAT projectile

Cov tshuaj hem thawj yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hom phiaj xws li tiv thaiv lub tank siab-tawg armor-piercing (raws li thoob ntiaj teb nomenclature, xaiv raws li HESH) thiab cumulative (HEAT).

Lub HEAT projectile (raws li kev ntseeg nrov thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm World Of Tanks game) tsis nqa cov nplaim hluav taws. Nws qhov kev txiav txim yog ua raws li kev tsom mus rau qhov cuam tshuam lub zog rau hauv lub dav hlau nyias, uas, ua tsaug rau kev kub siab, thiab tsis kub, tawg los ntawm txheej tiv thaiv.

Kev tiv thaiv cov hom phiaj no yog tsim los ntawm qhov hu ua cov cuab yeej cuav, uas siv lub zog cuam tshuam. Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog cov tub rog Soviet npog cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov hlua txuas mesh los ntawm cov txaj qub thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.

Ixayees tiv thaiv lawv lub nkoj Merkav los ntawm kev txuas cov pob hlau dai ntawm cov saw hlau mus rau lub hulls.

Lwm txoj kev xaiv yog los tsim cov cuab yeej muaj zog. Thaum ib lub dav hlau ncaj qha los ntawm ib qho projectile sib tsoo nrog lub plhaub tiv thaivdetonation ntawm armor txheej tshwm sim. Kev tawg tau hais tawm hauv qhov kev tawm tsam rau lub dav hlau sib sau ua rau kom tawg mus rau tom kawg.

av kuv

Qhov kev ua ntawm armor-piercing high-explosive projectile yog txo kom ntws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev ntawm cov armor thaum muaj kev sib tsoo thiab kev hloov ntawm ib tug loj shock impulse los ntawm ib txheej ntawm hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, zoo li pins nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw bowling, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sib tsoo, uas ua rau deformation. Yog li ntawd, tej daim hlau puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, txheej txheej ntawm armor, ya sib nrug, ua rau cov neeg coob raug mob.

Kev tiv thaiv HE rounds tuaj yeem zoo ib yam li tawm tsam HEAT rounds.

Zaj lus

Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm sau tseg ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj lom neeg txawv txawv los tiv thaiv lub tank yog German teg num rau tsho loj tsheb nrog zimmerite. Qhov no tau ua los tiv thaiv lub hulls ntawm "Tigers" thiab "Panthers" los ntawm cov mines sib nqus.

Zimmerite sib tov suav nrog cov khoom xws li barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, sawdust, ocher pigment thiab ib daim ntawv khi raws li polyvinyl acetate.

Kev siv cov khoom sib tov pib thaum xyoo 1943 thiab xaus rau xyoo 1944, vim tias qhov ziab yuav tsum tau ob peb hnub, thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees lub sijhawm ntawd twb nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev poob.

Nyob yav tom ntej, kev xyaum siv xws li kev sib tov tsis pom cov lus teb nyob qhov twg vim qhov tsis kam ntawm cov tub rog tsis kam siv tes tuav los tiv thaiv lub tank sib nqus mines thiab pom muaj ntau hom riam phom muaj zog - anti-tank grenade launchers.