Radar "Daryal" ( chaw nres tsheb radar)

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov riam phom tawm tsam ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ceeb toom ntawm kev ua phem. Radar "Daryal" (radar chaw nres tsheb) yuav luag ob xyoo lawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab no.

Nyob ntawm ntug

Hauv xyoo 1960, Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm los xa tawm qhov tseeb Minuteman-1 intercontinental ballistic missiles, muaj peev xwm tua tau ob peb feeb tom qab tau txais cov lus txib tsim nyog. Cov tactics ntawm kev ua tsov rog Ntiaj Teb thib peb tau hloov lawm; Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa tawm qhov kev txiav txim siab tam sim no tsis yog rau tub rog lub tswv yim aviation, tab sis rau cov neeg nqa khoom siv missile. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1960s, lub tebchaws United States muaj ib tug kaum xya-fold superiority nyob rau hauv superior txhais tau tias ntawm xa nuclear riam phom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus rhuav tshem tag nrho cov atomic peev xwm ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv ib tug salvo.

Rau qhov kev ceeb toom ntxov ntawm kev tawm tsam yav tom ntej hauv USSR, rov qab rau xyoo 1960, kev ceeb toom tshwj xeeb missile nres (SPRN) tau pib tsim.

Kev sib cav sib ceg

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qee cov tub rogcov tub ceev xwm tsis tuaj yeem paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim, hu nws ua pov tseg ntawm lub xeev cov peev txheej rau cov khoom siv uas tsis ua rau cov yeeb ncuab puas tsuaj thiab tsis tua nws cov cuaj luaj. Ntawm ib lub rooj sib tham txiav txim siab ntawm Tub Rog-Industrial Commission, teb rau lwm nqe lus tseem ceeb, Academician, Lieutenant General, engineer A. N. . Cov ntawv sau ua piv txwv tau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg tsis ntseeg thiab, raws li Tsoom Fwv Txoj Cai ntawm 1962, ib txoj haujlwm tau pib tsim ib qho nyuaj rau kev tshawb nrhiav thaum ntxov ntawm kev tawm tsam missiles. Thawj tiam ntawm Dnestr radar thiab nws cov hloov kho version Dnepr, txawm tias ua ntej muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam, tau poob lawv qhov cuam tshuam. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov me me ntau lub taub hau foob pob hluav taws tsim los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm.

Txhua Qhov Pom Qhov Muag

Xyoo 1966, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Xov Tooj Cua Hluav Taws Xob tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub hauv paus tshiab radar nrog lub zog hluav taws xob loj - Daryal radar, muaj peev xwm ntes tau ib qho khoom loj ntawm pob ncaws pob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 6 txhiab km.. Viktor Ivantsov tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Tsim Qauv.

Thawj qhov kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Daryal radar yuav tsum tau txhim tsa nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia missile tshaj plaws. Ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov missile intercontinental nyob rau hauv lub US arsenal yog aimed ntawm lub peev ntawm lub Soviet Union - Moscow - thiab lub central cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Txoj kev ya hla North Pole. Kev suav ua ntej los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tau pom tias qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm sab qaum teb raws li qhov ua tau (kwv yees hauv thaj tsam ntawm Franz Josef Land), tab sis xws li kev tsim kho loj hauv Arctic hnyav yog fraught nrog cov teeb meem loj. Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub chaw nres tsheb ntawm thaj av loj.

Radar "Daryal". Komi ASSR

Rau kev xa tawm, thaj chaw tau xaiv ze ze lub nroog Pechora, tsuas yog 200 km ntawm Arctic Circle. Vim yog lub zog loj ntawm cov khoom siv, kev siv ntawm qhov project pib ib txhij nrog kev tsim kho ntawm Pechorskaya GRES xyoo 1974. Lub Daryal radar yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv loj loj, muaj ntau dua 4 txhiab units ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv xov tooj cua. Cov tsev siab siab ntawm qhov tau txais (100 m) thiab xa xov (40 m) kav hlau txais xov yog sib cais los ntawm qee qhov kev ncua deb, hloov mus rau millimeter. Lub hwj chim thiab dej siv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau sib npaug rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub nroog nruab nrab nrog cov pej xeem ntawm 100 txhiab tus neeg. Lub zog mem tes ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Daryal radar (Pechora - Pechora, raws li NATO kev faib tawm) ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj 370 MW.

Rau kev saib xyuas thiab hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov theem (PAR) thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb robotic complex. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev siv computer ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog microprocessor-based vector-parallel computer muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dua 5 lab kev ua haujlwm ib ob.

Thawj ntawm lub luag haujlwm

Pechora radar "Daryal" thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1984, tau ua tiav kev xeem dhau los, tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Cov neeg tsim kho thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm engineering tau tswj xyuas kom tau raws li lub sijhawm kawg, txawm tias muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntawm ntuj tsim thiab kev siv tshuab.

Yog li, thaum nchuav lub hauv paus slab, Frosts mam li nco dheev tsoo. Lavxias teb sab ingenuity pab tiv thaiv kom txhob khov ntawm pob zeb - qhov sib tov yog rhuab nrog tsev-ua electrodes los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob voltage rau lawv.

Lwm qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Muaj hluav taws kub hauv xov tooj cua-pob tshab vaj tse ntawm lub chaw xa xov. Vim tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws tsis tu ncua, ntau dua 80% ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tawm. Tom qab nthuav tawm tag nrho cov peev txheej tau, nyob rau hauv ob lub hlis cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Syzran tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab (nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg ib xyoos los tsim nws hauv hom qub), thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws raug tshem tawm. Rau kev siv: coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej, ib lub tsev nyob ua los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog-combustible yog tsim rau cov radars tom ntej ntawm qhov project.

In Space Patrol

Thawj qhov project, lub chaw nres tsheb radar "Daryal" ("Pechora") tau ua lub luag haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua. Daim duab ntawm tus qauv muab qhov pom kev sawv cev ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ua haujlwm tau ua. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, rau qhov ntxiv nodes yuav tsum tau tsim, nyob rau hauv lub perimeter ntawm lub teb chaws, kaw lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ib tug impenetrable radar nplhaib:

• "Gabala", Azerbaijan SSR.
• "Skrunda", Latvian SSR.
• "Beregovo", Mukachevo, Ukrainian SSR.
• "Balkhash", Kazakh SSR.
• "Mishelevka",Irkutsk cheeb tsam.
• Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk Thaj Chaw.

Cov node hauv Pechora tau tswj hwm tag nrho sab qaum teb. Qhov thib ob thiab kawg qhov project ntawm thawj theem, siv thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, yog qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Azerbaijan.

Nyob rau sab qab teb ciam teb

Kev tsim khoom nyob ze ntawm lub zos. Kutkashen (tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR - Gabala) nyob rau hauv lub Transcaucasian koom pheej pib nyob rau hauv 1982. Thaj chaw ua haujlwm npog ntau dua 200 hectares. Kwv yees li 20 txhiab tus neeg ua tub rog tau koom nrog. Lub Ob Hlis 1985 yog suav tias yog hnub uas Daryal (Gabala) radar chaw nres tsheb nkag mus rau hauv lub luag haujlwm kev sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hais tias kev tsim kho ua tiav tsuas yog peb xyoos tom qab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Gabala node yog qhov tsis muaj kev suav nrog. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais kev soj ntsuam tau tshaj tawm mus rau cov chaw ua ntaub ntawv xov xwm "Shvertbot" thiab "Kvadrat" nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow.

Lub chaw nres tsheb tau tswj hwm txoj kev taw qhia yav qab teb, npog thaj av ntawm Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Qaib ntxhw, North Africa, Pakistan thiab Is Nrias teb, feem ntau ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Indian, suav nrog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Australia. Lub chaw radar hauv Gabala tau lees paub nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm Iran-Iraq tsis sib haum xeeb, tau sau tseg tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Iraqi Scud missiles (139 units) thiab thaum Lub Sijhawm Cua daj cua dub (302 launches)..

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, kev pom zoo ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxiasthiab Azerbaijan tau tso cai rau cov node nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Caucasus Range ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua kev sib ntaus sib tua kom txog rau thaum 2012, thaum lub chaw nres tsheb raug tshem tawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus ceeb toom ntxov.

Show in Skrunda

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, 4 km ntawm lub nroog ntawm Skrunda (Latvian SSR), nyob ib sab ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb Dnepr radar uas twb muaj lawm (Skrunda-1 chaw), kev tsim kho tau pib ntawm lwm lub Daryal ntawm tus qauv tsim.. Tom qab erection ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov thiab xa khoom (1990), nws tau xav tias nyob rau thawj theem ntawm Dnepr radar yuav siv los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tab sis tom qab kev ywj pheej ntawm cov koom pheej B altic, cov khoom tau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm Latvia. Cov kev siv zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsom los khaws cia lub radar tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab xyoo 1994 cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.

Ib xyoos tom qab, tus kav hlau txais xov tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab Asmeskas. Cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws tau pom cov neeg Latvians ua yeeb yam tiag tiag. Ua ntej qhov tawg, lawv tau teeb tsa cov foob pob hluav taws uas muaj yeeb yuj thoob plaws hauv qhov siab ntawm lub tsev, thiab tom qab cov nqi tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim, cov qauv tau tawg zoo li lub khob loj heev.

Qhov zais cia ntawm Krasnoyarsk radar chaw nres tsheb

Raws li kev lees paub ntawm yav dhau los cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Yeniseisk-15 node, lub chaw nres tsheb no muaj lub zog hluav taws xob zoo li no, lub zog uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws xob navigation system. Puas yog li no, tam sim no tsis paub. Kom ua siab ntev rau tus yeeb ncuab yav dhau los, thiab hauvNyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, mus rau lub tswv yim tus khub - lub tebchaws United States, xyaum ua tiav radar ntawm "Daryal" hom yog dismantled. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas qhov kev xa tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tsis sib haum rau cov kev cai ntawm ABM daim ntawv cog lus.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nroog tsim kev lag luam tau dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg rau lub zos Yeniseisk-15. Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tus neeg raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj haujlwm thiab ua neej nyob, tso tseg los ntawm lub xeev mus rau lawv txoj hmoo. Tej zaum yav tom ntej, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav pom cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm leej twg raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Krasnoyarsk radar chaw nres tsheb "Daryal". Daim duab ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov qauv loj nyob hauv plawv Siberian taiga yuav yog ib daim ntawv pov thawj zoo.

YIrkutsk, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

Lub chaw nres tsheb hauv thaj av Irkutsk tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1992, tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd lub chaw raug mob mothballed. Txij li xyoo 1999, cov node tau siv los ntawm cov koom haum pej xeem los kawm txog huab cua sab saud. Rau xyoo dhau los, tus qauv raug rhuav tshem, tso tawm qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov radar tiam tom ntej.

"Daryal" nyob ze lub nroog Balkhash nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Kazakhstan xyoo 2002 raug xa mus rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub xeev sovereign. Ob xyoos tom qab, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hluav taws kub loj, cov qauv raug hlawv tag nrho, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tau raug plundered. Lub tsev thaum kawg poob rau xyoo 2010.

Cov khoom ntawm Cape Khersones, ze Sevastopol thiab ze Mukachevo (Western Ukraine) raug tso tseg tsis tiav thiab raug rhuav tshem hauv 2000s.

Russian nuclear shield

Qhov khoob qhov tshwm simNyob rau hauv lub missile tiv thaiv ntawm Russia, nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov tshiab tiam thaum ntxov ceeb toom system raws li Voronezh-hom radar chaw nres tsheb, ntawm lub Hoobkas siab npaj. Lub sij hawm thiab cov nqi peev txheej rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov chav tsev no tau txo qis dua piv rau Daryals, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab tso rau hauv xya qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv kaum xyoo dhau los.

Cov khoom tau koom ua ke rau hauv lub foob pob hluav taws xob tiv thaiv (ABM), thiab lawv txoj haujlwm suav nrog tsis yog lub hom phiaj nrhiav pom xwb, tab sis kuj tseem taug qab thiab lub hom phiaj tsim.

Ntxiv rau, lub tshuab hluav taws xob mini-radar tau tsim los ua thaub qab thaum tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej no tau yooj yim disguised li lub thawv ntim khoom yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw. Kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub complex yog kiag li autonomous thiab automated.