Asph alt ceev. Asph alt muaj pes tsawg leeg, GOST, qib, yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev siv ntau tshaj plaws niaj hnub no, asph alt yog siv, GOST uas txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov ceev thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txog niaj hnub no, ntau lub npe, ntau yam thiab hom ntawm cov khoom no tau paub. Lub hauv paus rau kev faib tawm tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv thawj zaug xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm lawv cov zauv feem. Asph alt kuj tau muab faib ua pawg rau vim li cas cov khoom siv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv, hais txog cov pob zeb crushed thiab xuab zeb, nrog rau kev ua kom huv ntawm cov ntxhia hmoov.

Composition

Asph alt muaj pes tsawg leeg qhia:

• gravel;
• rubble;
• sand;
• bitumen;
• mineral hmoov.

Raws li rau pob zeb crushed, qee yam ntawm cov txheej no tsis muab rau nws siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pob zeb crushed lossis gravel yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias thaj chaw tau raug asph alted, suav nrog lub sijhawm luv luv thiab cov tsheb loj ntawm txoj kev pavement. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntaub ntawv hais ua raws li ib tug skeleton-forming tiv thaiv keeb.

Bntxhia hmoov yog siv raws li ib tug yuav tsum tau raw cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhua yam thiab qib ntawm asph alt. Qhov loj feem ntawm cov hmoov no yog txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov yuav tsum tau thiab cov dej num rau viscosity. Yog tias koj siv cov hmoov ntxhia ntau ntau, cov khoom siv yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom cov kev vibrations ntawm cov qauv choj yam tsis tau npog nrog cov kab nrib pleb.

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov xuab zeb yog siv rau ntau qib thiab hom asph alt. Nws qhov zoo yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qib kev ua kom huv thiab txoj kev tau txais. Cov khoom tuaj yeem raug mined los ntawm lub qhov qhib, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas nws muab rau qhov xav tau kev tu kom huv. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam yog bitumen. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv roj refining.

Cov feem ntau ntawm cov bitumen hauv feem ntau ntawm asph alt tsis tshaj 5%. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog rau thaj chaw asph alt uas muaj cov av nyuaj, bitumen tuaj yeem siv tau ntau txog 10% lossis ntau dua. Cov khoom siv raw no muab qhov ntom thiab elasticity rau qhov sib tov tom qab hardening. Cov khoom tiav tiav tau yooj yim faib tawm ntawm qhov chaw, vim nws muaj fluidity.

Ceev thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ntuj asph alt

Asph alt ntom yog ib qho ntawm thawj tus yam ntxwv uas nyiam cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg tsim khoom ntiag tug. Nws ntau yam ntuj tsim yog ib qho uas tsis muaj melting khoom loj ntawm cov xim dub. Thaum tawg, cov khoom yuav zoo li npub lossis ci iab.

Qhov ceev ntawm asph alt yog 1.1 g / cm³. Lub melting point yuav txawv ntawm 20 mus rau 100 ° C. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muajroj nyob rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm 25 mus rau 40%, nrog rau cov resinous-asph altene tshuaj, uas tej zaum yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntim ntawm 60 mus rau 75%. Raws li rau lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv feem pua, nws zoo li qhov no:

• C – 80-85.
• H - 10-12.
• S – 0, 1-10.
• O - 2-3.

Koj twb paub qhov ntom ntawm asph alt, tab sis tus yam ntxwv no tsis yog ib qho txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom. Ntawm lwm cov yam ntxwv, ib qho yuav tsum tau tso tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov roj residues los yog feem ntau vim yog evaporation ntawm lub teeb Cheebtsam thiab oxidation nyob rau hauv tus ntawm hypergenesis.

yam ntxwv ntawm asph alt asph alt

Artificial asph alt tseem hu ua asph alt mix. Nws yog compacted muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntxhia hmoov, crushed pob zeb, bitumen thiab xuab zeb. Muaj kub asph alt, uas yog nteg los ntawm compaction thaum raug kub ntawm 180 ° C los yog ntau tshaj. Yog hais tias tsawg-viscosity bitumen siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, ces nteg yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 40 mus rau 80 ° C. Yog tias cov kua bitumen siv, ces cov asph alt txias thiab compacted ntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus rau -30 ° C.

Cov qib tseem ceeb ntawm asph alt thiab GOST

Qhov ntom ntawm ntxhib asph alt tau hais los saum toj no, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tias feem pua ntawm cov khoom xyaw hauv cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qib thiab hom asph alt. Niaj hnub no, peb hom feem ntau tau txais, uas yog tsim raws li GOST 9128-2009. Hauv cov qauv no, koj tuaj yeem paub txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ntxiv additives,uas ua rau kom cov hydrophobicity, Frost tsis kam, hnav tsis kam thiab yooj ntawm txheej.

Asph alt qib 1 muaj:

• kev tshuaj ntsuam;
• sand;
• rubble;
• paj;
• mineral hmoov.

Cov txheej no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntom ntom uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb crushed tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 30 txog 60%. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj xws li high-density, crushed pob zeb, heev ntxeem tau thiab porous asph alts. Asph alt, GOST uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau qib 2. Cov khoom siv no muaj:

• rubble;
• paj;
• kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas;
• sand;
• mineral hmoov.

qeb no yuav tsum muaj cov xuab zeb ntxeem tau, ntxeem tau, thiab ntom asph alts, uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb crushed tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 30 mus rau 50%, thaum sib tov ntawm crushed tshuaj ntsuam thiab xuab zeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 70%.

Koj twb paub qhov ntom ntawm asph alt, tab sis koj kuj yuav tsum paub tias muaj asph alt qib 3, nws muaj:

• kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas;
• mineral xuab zeb;
• bitumen hmoov.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tab tom tham txog kev sib tov, crushed pob zeb thiab gravel, uas muaj peev xwm muaj nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 30 mus rau 50%. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab xuab zeb muaj nyob rau hauv ntim ntawm 30 txog 70%.

Kev piav qhia ntawm cov nyiaj muas

Qhov ceev ntawm asph alt (t / m3) yog 1.1. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog txhua yam koj xav paub txog cov khoom. Piv txwv li, Qib 1 asph alt tej zaum yuav ntxeem tau los yogntom nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm rubble. Qhov chaw ntawm kev siv cov txheej no yog kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho. Rau qib 2 asph alt, lub ntom ntom feem ntau yog ntxhib ib yam, tab sis cov feem pua ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb sib txawv. Qhov no asph alt suav hais tias yog qhov nruab nrab tshaj plaws. Qhov sib tov yog siv rau kev tsim kho txoj kev, kev tsim kho vaj tse, kho cov txheej txheem, nrog rau kev tsim cov chaw thiab chaw nres tsheb.

Zaj lus

Asph alt ntom (t / m3) yog 1.1. Tab sis qhov kev ntsuas no tsis yog ib qho uas koj yuav tsum paub. Piv txwv li, nws tsim nyog hais txog asph alt deposit, uas txuas mus rau thaj chaw ntawm lub qub USSR, cov kob ntawm Trinidad, Venezuela, Fabkis thiab Canada. Kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv ntxhia, suav nrog cov pob zeb thiab cov xuab zeb, cov khoom siv hloov mus rau hauv cov pob zeb muaj zog ntawm cov pas dej roj. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov pob zeb muaj roj tawm los thiab nyob qhov tob rau saum npoo av.