Polymer cement mortar: muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov yam ntxwv, kev ua raws li GOST cov cai, lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Polymer cement mortar yog ib qho kev hloov kho ntawm cov pa xuab zeb-cement mortar. Polymers kuj tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov khoom sib tov uas siv thaum tso plaster thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Ntxiv cov tshuaj no rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg pab txhim kho nws cov yam ntxwv.

piav qhia dav dav thiab qhov txawv

A cement mortar ua los ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, zoo li lwm cov mortars uas muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom siv los ua cov ntawv khi, muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Ntawm lawv, tsis tshua muaj tensile lossis dabtsi yog khoov lub zog, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis kam, qis feem pua ntawm deformation, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab tsis zoo adhesion rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev sawv tawm. Cov npe ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov loj heev, uas txwv tsis pub siv cov kev daws teeb meem. Txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev tsis txaus no ntau npaum li qhov ua tau lossis txawm tias tshem tawm lawv cov cawv tag nrho, cov polymers tshwj xeeb tau qhia rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm 2 mus rau 30% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Yog li nws ua tauhais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm polymer cement mortar txawv ntawm ib txwm ib txwm tsuas yog los ntawm qhov muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv no.

Qhia cov polymer rau hauv qhov sib tov

Nws tsim nyog hais tias cov khoom siv polymer, ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, tau nkag mus rau hauv ntau qhov sib xyaw. Feem ntau, nws tsuas yog tsim los txhim kho plasticization, nrog rau hydrophobization. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li additives yog tsawg tshaj li 1% ntawm tag nrho cov loj. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov khoom siv puv-fledged polymer cement mortar. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov polymer cuam tshuam rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, hloov nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lub zog, nws cov qauv, thiab kuj nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug neeg sab nrauv, thiab tsis yog ib tug zoo tib yam additives.

Polymer ntxiv txoj kev yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug aqueous sib tov. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, feem ntau nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cement yuav tsis ntau tshaj 3-5% ntawm tag nrho cov loj. Feem ntau siv txoj kev, uas cuam tshuam nrog aqueous dispersions uas muaj cov polymers. Qhov txawv yog hais tias nyob rau hauv dispersion lub polymer tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tus nqi yuav nce. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov cement sib tov kwv yees li 10-20% ntawm cov khoom ntxiv los ntawm tag nrho cov cement.

khoom ntxiv

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv polymer cement mortar yuav ploj yog tias, thaum ntxiv cov polymer dispersion, txheej txheem xws li coagulation lossis curdling ntawm cov tshuaj tshwm sim. Feem ntau, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, ntau yamstabilizers. Raws li lawv feem ntau yog xaiv cov khoom siv saum npoo av (surfactants) - OP-7 lossis OP-U. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov lawv nrog ib pawg me me ntawm electrolytes, piv txwv li, kua iav. Tsuas yog ib lub polymer-cement mortar, uas tau tov los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov yas PVA dispersion, tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov stabilizer.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev qhia ntawm surfactants tsis dhau yam tsis muaj kab. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj no ua raws li cov neeg ua npuas dej muaj zog, thiab lawv kuj tuaj yeem koom nrog huab cua hauv cov khoom sib tov. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, ces cov npuas cua me tshaj plaws uas tau koom nrog tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 30% ntawm tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem.

Hloov cov khoom ntawm kev daws

Qhov muaj cov tshuaj polymer ntxiv hauv cov tshuaj pab kom sib npaug ntawm cov pores, nrog rau ua kom lawv ntim me me. Ib qho piv txwv tuaj yeem muab tau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov pa cement mortar, piv txwv li, qhov pores tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1 mm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, thiab lawv lub ntsiab qhov txawv ntawm 0.2-0.5 mm nyob rau hauv ntim. Yog hais tias peb tham txog ib tug polymer-cement muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub siab tshaj plaws ntim yog txo mus rau 0.5 hli, thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws, kwv yees li 90-95%, yuav tsis ntau tshaj 0.2 hli.

Qhov no hais txog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws, piv txwv li, thaum cov phab ntsa plaster yog tag nrho nrog cov polymer cement mortar, qhov pores tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov qauv. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog ntxiv ntawm no tias cov kev sib xyaw uas muaj cua nkag tau yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yas ntau dua, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua nrog cov ntsiab lus qis dua. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, plasticization hauv cov tebchaw zoo li nokuj nyob rau theem siab dua. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub fact tias thaum ntxiv dej nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov feem pua ntawm cov cua nkag thiab cov yas ntawm cov polymer cement tov.

Adhesion khoom

Nyob rau hauv xws li compositions, nce adhesion yog pom, uas yog piav raws li nram no. Thaum siv cov sib tov, cov polymer yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub interface thiab ua raws li ib tug nplaum puag ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub hauv paus. Raws li rau adhesion nws tus kheej, nws ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb hom polymer ntxiv, nrog rau nws cov concentration. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov cuab yeej no tshwm sim nws tus kheej tsuas yog thaum cov tshuaj qhuav hauv huab cua qhuav. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, plaster nrog ib tug polymer-cement mortar siv rau cov phab ntsa yuav yog ib qho zoo heev hauv paus rau tso. Yog tias kev kho mob tshwm sim hauv dej, tom qab ntawd adhesion yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo li, txawm tias muaj cov ntsiab lus loj ntawm polymer. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov stabilizers yaj hauv dej, thiab qee cov khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem hloov pauv lawv cov khoom yog tias lawv nyob hauv cov kua nruab nrab.

Nws tuaj yeem ntxiv tau tias qib siab ntawm adhesion cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog txhim kho adhesion rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov mortar nws tus kheej. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv lub resulting tensile thiab dabtsi yog khoov loads. Rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv, cov duab no yog kwv yees li 10 npaug siab dua li cov pa. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov txheej txheem polymer khi cov pob zeb hauv av ua ke. Kuj tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li lub modulus ntawm elasticity, uastxog 10 npaug qis dua li qub. Ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb no, peb tuaj yeem hais tau yam xyuam xim tias cov khoom siv polymer yog deformable dua li qhov qub.

Shrinkage thiab lwm yam ntxwv

Yog tias ntau dua 7-10% ntawm cov polymer los ntawm tag nrho cov cement yog nkag mus rau hauv cov sib tov, ces qhov tseem ceeb dua shrinkage yuav raug pom thaum nws hardening. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li thaum tib lub sij hawm deformability ntawm cov tshuaj kuj nce ntau, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm xws li ib tug yam ntxwv raws li kev tiv thaiv cov kab nrib pleb, qhov sib tov yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev inferior mus rau ib tug li niaj zaus, thiab nyob rau hauv tej lub sij hawm tej zaum yuav txawm ntau tshaj nws. Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov rov qab los ntawm cov dej noo. Hauv cov tshuaj polymer, nws dhau mus qeeb dua, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem hardening, vim tias tsis muaj qhov ziab sai, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.

Sib tham nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv

Dab tsi yog polymer cement mortar siv rau? Tag nrho cov khoom saum toj no thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tau ua rau lub fact tias nws yog zoo heev rau fastening cov ntaub ntawv, raws li nws muaj peev xwm muab fastening zoo dua. Ib qho kev sib piv yooj yim tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm no ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv polymer. Lub mortar raws li cov cement thiab xuab zeb tsim lub zog ceev tshaj plaws los ntawm 7-9 hnub tom qab ntsib, thiab los ntawm 28 hnub daim duab no yuav txo qis li 5-6 zaug. Yog hais tias nws tham txog kev daws teeb meem nrog ib qho ntxiv ua los ntawm cov polymers, lub siab tshaj plaws fastening lub zog yuav ua tiav me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hnub 9-10, txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev tsis tuaj tom ntej tsis yog tag nrho.pom. Ua tsaug rau qhov zoo no, cov khoom sib xyaw no tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cladding.

Cov khoom xyaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm thiab noj

Thaum hloov kho cov pa cement-sand mortar nrog plasticizers thiab polymers, kev txo qis hauv kev noj yuav ua tiav. Lub polymer cement mortar tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej nyias nyias thiab tib lub sijhawm ua lub hauv paus zoo rau cov khoom siv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias dispersion nrog polymers tsis tsuas yog hnyav nce plasticity, tab sis kuj muaj huab cua los ntawm 8 mus rau 12%.

Hnub no, qhov kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam no yog ib qho ua los ntawm gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder (GCPV), nrog rau cov aqueous dispersions ntawm polymers. Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov sib xyaw ua ke ob qho tib si rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov thiab rau sab hauv plastering. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev xyaum qhia, nws ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thaum nws siv hauv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw mastic rau kev ua cov tsev facades.

Composition requirements

Hnub no, muaj ib lub xeev cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm txhua qhov kev xav tau uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no. Yav dhau los, GOST 28013-98 tsis tau npaj tag nrho rau cov cement mortar. Nws qhov kev txiav txim tsuas yog txuas mus rau cov mortars zoo tib yam, tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb. Hloov chaw ntawm qhov no thiab tsis tiav GOST, SP 82-101-98 tau qhia, uas txuas ntxiv mus rau ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm txhua qhov sib tov. Piv txwv li, phau ntawv qhia hais tiastshwj xeeb sib tov tuaj yeem npaj tsuas yog hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb - ntawm cov nroj tsuag mortar, yog tias lawv tau siv hauv kev tsim kho tsoomfwv cov tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas yog cov tsheb thauj khoom tshwj xeeb lossis cov tsheb khib nyiab yuav tsum tau siv los xa cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lwm qhov kev xav tau tseem ceeb yog tias tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog yuav tsum dhau tag nrho cov kev xeem tsim nyog rau lawv qhov tsim nyog thiab zoo ua ntej pib nrog lawv cov kev sib xyaw.

Kev sib xyaw rau hauv pem teb

Qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj polymer-ntxiv mortar thiab ib qho uas yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv pem teb yog tias nws muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua thiab tsis tsim cov plua plav thaum hnav. Feem ntau, PVA dispersions los yog styrene-butadiene latexes yog siv los sau cov hauv paus. Yog tias koj ntxiv cov latex rau hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 15-20%, ces koj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm 4-5 zaug, yog tias koj ntxiv tib qhov nyiaj ntawm PVA dispersion, koj tuaj yeem nce qhov ntsuas no los ntawm 3 zaug.

Yog tias peb xaus los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsis cuam tshuam ntxiv lawm. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau yam additives yog tag nrho ncaj ncees, txawm tias nws me ntsis nce tus nqi ntawm qhov sib tov.