Kev kos ntawm bronze: cov yam ntxwv, cov khoom thiab cov peev txheej

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Vim nws cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj thiab ntau lwm yam khoom, tooj dag tau nrov. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev txawm rau connoisseurs rau npe tag nrho cov impurities thiab additives uas muaj nyob rau hauv bronze alloys. Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau tooj liab thiab nws cov cim.

Yuav muaj dab tsi ntxiv

Bronze yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau raws li tooj liab, uas txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv. Txiv neej pib siv hlau nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Qhov tseeb no tau lees paub los ntawm archaeological excavations. Thaum xub thawj lawv pib siv bronze, uas yog raws li tin. Tswb alloy tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau pawg no. Paub txog qhov cim ntawm tooj liab, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias nws muaj tshuaj dab tsi.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm bronze, tin tuaj yeem hloov lwm yam hlau, piv txwv li, xws li:

1. Zinc lossis silicon. Ua tsaug rau cov khoom no, bronze cov khoom yog resistant rau abrasion, thiab fluidity ntawm cov hlau ua ntau tsawg. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom.
2. Beryllium. Lub caij muaj peev xwm muab cov hlau siabzog.
3. Aluminium. Lub caij tso cai rau bronze los ua resistant, muaj anti-corrosion khoom.
4. Nkauj. Cov hlau kuj tuaj yeem tiv taus cov txheej txheem corrosion.

Nyob rau hauv ib qho tooj liab, lub hauv paus yog tooj liab. Ntau tus tswv uas paub cov cim ntawm tooj liab tuaj yeem lees paub qhov no.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bronze?

Ntxiv rau kev faib cov hlau bronze los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, muaj kev faib tawm los ntawm kev siv tshuab:

1. Ntiaj teb. Yeej bronze alloy yog tsim los ntawm casting.
2. Deformable. Ntau yam khoom raug nrum, uas tom qab raug deformation.

Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, ntau cov tooj liab tau tsim, uas txawv tsis yog hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cim ntawm bronze yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hlau alloy. Feem ntau cov craftsmen tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav txim siab seb hom twg nws nyob. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj ntau tus neeg yuav tuaj yeem ua qhov no yam tsis paub txog cov cim tsim nyog. Deciphering cov cim ntawm bronze yog txoj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws los txiav txim qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tau nthuav tawm raws li tus lej lossis tus lej ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv.

Alloys uas tau cim bronze raws li GOST nrog tag nrho cov kev xav tau ua tau raws li txhua tus yam ntxwv tsim nyog thiab siv rau ntau qhov chaw. Qee tus tswv tsis siv cov ntxhuav los txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau, lawv tsuas yog xav paub lub npe.

Yim lub npe zoo li castus cim ntawm bronze?

Yuav txiav txim siab seb cov hlau twg nyob ntawm koj xub ntiag, tsuas yog saib cov cim ntawm tooj liab. Bronze muaj cov cim luv luv hauv daim ntawv ntawm "br". Tom qab cov ntawv luv no, muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus (cov cim qhia) uas qhia tias muaj dab tsi suav nrog.

tag nrho cov tshuaj ntxiv sau npe li cas?

Rau bronze hlau, lub cim tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus tooj liab. Tab sis muaj cov lej uas qhia qhov feem pua ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau paub tias tooj liab muaj nyob hauv ib qho hlau, nws yuav tsum suav nws cov ntsiab lus los ntawm feem pua.

Cov khoom ntawm cov cim tooj liab yuav tsum paub rau cov kws ua haujlwm. Kev siv cov hlau yog nyob ntawm seb nws muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau no yog dab tsi.

hom twg muaj thiab siv qhov twg?

Tau kawg, kev taw qhia ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm bronze yog ua los txhim kho nws cov khoom. Nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tin nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub ductility ntawm lub alloy nce, thiab nws yuav tsis nkig. Tab sis ntau tus kws ua zaub mov hais tias beryllium ua rau tooj liab ntau dua thiab muaj zog dua. Ntau cov bronze alloys muaj zog dua li cov hlau uas muaj zog tshaj plaws. Ntau tus pib kawm cov alloy ntawm bronze nrog beryllium rau hardening kom nws tau txais lub zog siab thiab elasticity. Springs, membranes thiab springs tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov hlau no. Masters tau pom siv rau bronze cim Br. KMC 3-1 hauv mechanical engineering.

bronze muaj dab tsi thiab nws siv qhov twg?

Los ntawm bronze alloys, hauvcov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas suav nrog txhuas, tsim cov khoom muaj zog thiab corrosion kuj. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txhua yam kev mob thiab txawm tias nyob rau hauv high humidity. Yog tias cov khoom raug tsim los uas yuav raug siv hnyav lossis muaj zog cuam tshuam, nws raug nquahu kom nchuav cov hmoov txhuas rau hauv cov tooj liab. Bearings yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau no.

Kev faib cov tooj liab los ntawm kev cim qhia tias muaj cov alloys sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. Nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi thiab hom tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub alloy.

Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm bronze hlau uas tsis muaj tin?

Bronze hlau, uas muaj zinc thiab silicon, muaj fluidity zoo heev thaum yaj. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog ua cov khoom me me los ntawm nws. Lub ntsiab feature yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm mechanical ua, sparks yuav tsis tshwm sim rau nws. Cov xwm txheej no tseem ceeb heev rau ntau tus tswv.

Hom tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm bronze alloys yog alloys uas suav nrog npib tsib xee thiab txhuas. Lawv muaj cov cuab yeej zoo tiv thaiv corrosion.

cim bronze nrog ntau yam alloys tsis muaj cov khoom siv hlau nplaum, yog li nws yog siv los ua ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Bronze hlau ua li cas?

Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua tooj liab, tsuas yog cov cuab yeej hloov pauv, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem nyob li qub. Rau kev ua alloycharcoal raug pom zoo los tiv thaiv oxidation thaum ntxov ntawm cov hlau.

Cov txheej txheem melting, tom qab uas tau txais bronze, yog ua raws li nram no:

1. Nws raug nquahu kom tso lub thawv nrog cov khoom siv raw rau hauv qhov cub, preheating rau qhov kub thiab txias.
2. Yuav kom cov hlau tsis oxidize tom qab melting, nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv cov thee rau nws.
3. Nws raug nquahu kom tos kom txog thaum nws yaj zoo, thiab ntxiv tooj liab (phosphorous), uas yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws raws li acidity catalyst.
4. Tom qab cov hlau tau muaj hnub nyoog, rau qee lub sijhawm nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom sib khi thiab cov hlau nplaum, lawv kuj hu ua ligatures. Tom ntej no, nws yog ntshaw kom sib tov lub alloy zoo.
5. Ua ntej koj nchuav cov hlau, koj yuav tsum ntxiv tooj liab (phosphorous) dua. Hauv qhov no, nws tso cai rau koj los txo cov haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidation.

Nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov cub ntawm txhua theem thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog los saib xyuas qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj lom neeg rau cov hlau.

Kev kos cov tooj liab thiab tooj dag yog ua kom yooj yim. Los ntawm txoj kev, tooj dag yog cim ntau dua li lwm cov alloys.

Masters siv tooj liab nrog cov cim hauv thaj chaw ntawm ntau qhov tshwj xeeb. Lawv tsuas yog tsim cov khoom rau tsheb.

Ntxim qab thiab ntuj patination

Ntau tus neeg xav paub yog vim li cas cov khoom qub tooj liab tsis zoo li qub tab sismuaj ib tug ntsuab-dawb tint. Cov xim no tshwm sim thaum ib zaj duab xis me me, uas yog hu ua "patina". Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv bronze.

Zaj duab xis no yog cov carbonate thiab oxide keeb kwm, nws yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv txheej. Zaj duab xis tso cai rau koj los ua cov khoom "noble".

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, muaj qee qhov kev txhim kho, ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis siab, lawv tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov txheej txheej ntawm patina los ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee tus tswv tuaj yeem ua patination artificially. Qhov no tso cai rau koj muab cov khoom muag vintage. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm kev siv ntau txoj kev, uas yuav tsum muaj xws li sulfur. Tom qab nws tau thov, nws raug nquahu kom sov cov khoom kom sov li qhov xav tau.

qhov zoo ntawm bronze alloys

Vim nws cov khoom, bronze tau xyaum tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Koj tsuas tuaj yeem qhuas nws tas li. Cov hlau tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab ntxiv rau cov khoom xav tau txhua lub sijhawm ua tsaug rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj.

Ntau yam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau. Ntau hom alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam sib txawv kiag li, vim hais tias nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho zoo heev.

Cov hlau no tuaj yeem siv tau ntau zaus ua ke vim tias nws tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau qhov rov ua dua.

Molten khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb heev. Beryllium yogcov khoom txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, tab sis hauv kev tsim cov hlau, nrog rau lawv cov alloys, nws yuav luag tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Bronze tiv taus corrosion.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm ntau alloys yog elasticity. Cov khoom siv yog siv los ua cov springs uas muaj zog heev thiab tseem yuav siv tau ntev.

Yog tias peb xav txog qhov tsis zoo, nws yuav yog tus nqi ntawm tooj liab alloys. Txij li tooj liab thiab tin, txawm tias muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, yog kim.

Tsis tas li, qhov tsis zoo yog qhov hloov pauv me me. Tab sis qhov no kuj tau coj mus rau qhov raug, lawv pib ua cov khoom siv rau chav dej ntawm tooj liab.

Kuv xav hais tias tam sim no lub peev xwm ntawm tooj liab, cim thiab cov khoom muaj ntau yam. Qhov no yog vim qhov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam.