2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Asph alt pob zeb yog dav siv niaj hnub no rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev tsim kho, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais cov txheej txheem ruaj khov thiab zoo. Cov khoom no yog sib xyaw ntawm bitumen thiab natural khoom.
Cov khoom xyaw ntuj muab lub zog, thaum bitumen xav tau los khi lawv rau hauv ib qho qauv. Asph alt pob zeb yog nteg siv tib lub tshuab nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm cov pavement nyob ntawm cov khoom uas tau ntxiv los yog tsis ntxiv rau qhov sib tov, qhov no qee zaum txiav txim siab txoj kev tso.
Khoom ntom ntom
Qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv no. Asph alt pob zeb, raws li nws tseem hu ua, muaj daim ntawv ntawm ib lub tsev neeg dag conglomerate, uas yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ceev ntawm cov sib tov nteg nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog npaj los ntawm kev sib tov rau hauv tshwj xeeb installations nyob rau hauv tus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv qhov no, roj txoj kev bitumen yog siv, nrog rau cov ntxhiacov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov feem sib txawv, lawv raug xaiv nyob rau hauv tej yam ratios. Polymers, roj hmab, surfactants, sulfur, thiab lwm yam yog qee zaum ntxiv.
Qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb nyob ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, txoj kev sib xyaw tuab tau muaj qhov ntom ntom hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2340 kg / m, raws li rau qhov sib xyaw sib xyaw me me - 2300 kg / m3. Fine-grained asph alt mix hom A, B thiab C muaj qhov ceev hauv qab no: 2385, 2370 thiab 2343 kg / m 3raws. Sandy asph alt pob zeb kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv "sib xyaw hom D" ntau yam, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no qhov tsis txaus siab yog 2280 kg / m 3.
Kev txiav txim siab ceev
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb yog ua raws li kev kuaj sim ntawm cov qauv uas tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem. Qhov ntsuas no yog xam los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm cov khoom uas tau muab los ntawm cov txheej txheem rau qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom ntawm cov qauv overmolded.
Rau txhua hom kev sib xyaw, siv qhov sib txawv sib txawv. Piv txwv li, rau cov khoom sib xyaw A thiab B, cov coefficient yog 0.99, rau qhov sib xyaw ntawm C, D thiab D, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab qis dua, cov coefficient yog 0.98. Yog tias cov khoom xyaw muaj crushed pob zeb los ntawm cov pob zeb dag, ces cov coefficient yuav tsum yog. sib npaug 0.97.
Kev siv asph alt pob zeb
Tsis yog qhov ceev ntawm cov nplua-grained asph alt pob zeb thiab nws lwm yam tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj siv tau. Feem ntau qhov kev ntsuas no tau teeb tsa ntawm 100 m 2, tab sis txheej txheej yuav txawv. Rau ib tug ntom thiab ntxeem tau sib tov nrog ib txheej thickness55 hli noj ib 100 m2 yuav yog 12.87 thiab 12.65 tons, feem. Nrog rau kev nce hauv txheej rau 80 mm, kev noj ntawm qhov sib xyaw tuab thiab ntxig sib xyaw yuav yog 18.7 thiab 18.4 tons, feem-
Fine-grained asph alt mix type A muaj kev noj qis dua yog tias cov txheej txheem txo qis rau 35 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav siv 8.35 tons ib 100 m 2. noj yuav yog 10.26 tons rau txhua 100 m 2.
Density meter
Asph alt density meter tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm cov khw tshwj xeeb. Nws txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm cov pavements thiab cov hauv paus ntawm txoj kev. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej yog kev tswj xyuas qhov ceev, thaum lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov degree ntawm heterogeneity thiab compaction ntawm lub hauv paus thiab txoj kev nto.
Lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thaj chaw tsis raug kaw, nrog rau kev tswj hwm thaj chaw tseem ceeb, qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog cov npoo thiab cov pob qij txha. Nws tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb, uas yog 2.35 g / cm3. Cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej, txawm tias ua ntej siv cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus. Cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub ntawm asph alt, txiav txim siab qhov sib xyaw ua ke, nqa tawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ceev.
Asph alt qhob muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub xeev cov qauv
Qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb, GOST uas txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab qhia los ntawm cov lej hauv qab no:9128-2009, - tau hais los saum no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij kuj yuav tsum paub txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub txheej muaj gravel los yog me me crushed pob zeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw, uas yog crushed thiab yog crumbs. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj muaj xuab zeb.
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, bitumen ua raws li cov khoom lag luam resinous uas tuav cov khoom ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov no, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau coj mus rau lub xeev rhuab. Qhov no kuj txiav txim siab txog cov cuab yeej ntawm kev tso asph alt pob zeb. Tab sis niaj hnub no muaj cov cuab yeej uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais bitumen nrog viscosity txog +5 ° C. Cov roj yog ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem niaj hnub, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov kua bitumen uas tsis khov rau qhov kub tsis tshua muaj siab. Feem ntau tus nqi no yog -30 °C.
Qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb (t / m3) yog 2.35. Tab sis qhov nqi no tsis yog ib qho uas cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum paub txog. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus ntxhia tau muab faib ua peb qhov tseem ceeb:
- group A: 50 txog 60% (rubble lossis gravel);
- group B: 40 txog 50% (minerals);
- group B: 30 txog 40% (rubble lossis gravel).
Crushed pob zeb fractionation yog tswj los ntawm kev specifications. Raws li lawv, cov khoom siv yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb crushed, qhov loj ntawm cov nplej tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 10 mus rau 20 mm. Qhov kev sib xyaw no yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem sab saum toj ntawm lub canvas. Cov thev naus laus zis yog ib txwm siv thiab siv txhua qhov chaw niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, polymers tuaj yeem ntxiv rau qhov sib tov.
Hloov cov pob zeb asph alt nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav tximniaj hnub technologies
Qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb, raws li lub xeev cov qauv, yuav tsum nyob rau tib theem, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog kev txhim kho tas li. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov hnyav zuj zus ntawm txoj kev, uas ua rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv niaj hnub los txhim kho kom zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov pob zeb asph alt, uas tau tham saum toj no.
Nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj rau kho txoj kev. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau tswj hwm los ntawm lub xeev cov qauv R 54401-2011 thiab suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov sib tov yam tsis muaj kev cog lus. Qhov kub ntawm lub conglomerate nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no pib los ntawm 190 ° C, ib tug nce nyob rau hauv no theem nce plasticity. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov yam ntxwv zoo li no vim yog cov khoom siv polymer.
Cam khwb cia asph alt muaj ntau cov bitumen, tab sis qhov ntim ntawm cov zaub mov txo. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm crushed pob zeb feem txog li 5 hli yog los ntawm ½ ntawm tag nrho cov loj mus rau 0%. Qhov sib tov tsis yog grainy, yog li nws yog viscous thiab tsis imply compaction.
Cov khoom xyaw ntxiv
Lub bituminous binder txhim kho lub cev lub zog, yog li cov khoom muab cov txheej txheem siab zog, hnav tsis kam, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev pab lub neej ntev yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Qhov ntom ntawm asph alt pob zeb tseem zoo ib yam, tab sis rau qhov no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov cuab yeej technology, nrog rau cov proportions. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, uas txawv cov cam khwb cia asph alt pob zeb. Yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, ces cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog yuav raug kev txom nyem.
Zaj lus
Qhov zoo ntawm asph alt pob zeb yog tias nws tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no nthuav dav heev ntawm nws txoj kev siv, vim tias nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom koj tuaj yeem kho cov kev zoo nkauj, kev taug kev thiab txoj kev. Siv cov thev naus laus zis no, cov xim asph alt pob zeb tau tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev, uas ua rau cov neeg taug kev hla, cov cim thiab cov kab sib faib.
Cov thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov xim 5 hli crushed pob zeb, pigments thiab xuab zeb los ntawm granite, clinker, marble thiab limestone rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov pob zeb asph alt ntawm cov xim ci, cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua kom pom tseeb tau siv. Cov cuab yeej ua kom cov nqi txheej txheej, yog li nws tsis tshua siv.
Tab sis hnub no kuv tau tswj kom pom kev faib tawm lwm txoj hauv kev. Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov xim pleev xim, thaum nws ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom raug tso tseg. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev tso txoj kev, qhov sib ntxiv rau saum txheej txheej yuav tshwm sim.
Pom zoo:
Asph alt ceev. Asph alt muaj pes tsawg leeg, GOST, qib, yam ntxwv
Qhov ceev ntawm asph alt yog 1.1 g / cm³. Lub melting point yuav txawv ntawm 20 mus rau 100 ° C. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj roj nyob rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm 25 mus rau 40%, nrog rau cov resinous-asph altene tshuaj, uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntim ntawm 60 mus rau 75%
Txoj cai ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv emission. Kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom muag thiab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom muag commission
Cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg rau hauv cov huab cua yog txheej txheej ntawm cov dej num uas ua los ntawm cov neeg siv xwm txheej, suav nrog kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa phem, kev txheeb xyuas lawv qhov chaw, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov paib ntsuas. Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no mus thiab yuav ua li cas cov khoom lag luam ntawm emissions tau sau rau hauv, nyeem rau
Qhov ntom ntawm cov pob zeb crushed - gravel, granite, limestone thiab slag. Qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov pob zeb crushed: coefficient, GOST thiab txhais
Crushed pob zeb yog cov khoom uas tsis muaj dej, tsis muaj dej thiab granular tau los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Nws muab faib ua thawj thiab theem nrab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tseem ceeb. Thawj - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua cov pob zeb ntuj: pebbles, pob zeb, pumice thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Secondary yog tau los ntawm crushing siv pov tseg, xws li pob zeb, asph alt, cib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no, peb yuav txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ntau yam zoo xws li cov cuab yeej raws li qhov ceev ntawm crushed pob zeb
Flux rau vuam: lub hom phiaj, hom vuam, flux muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov cai ntawm kev siv, GOST cov cai, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov
Qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam yog txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm tus tswv los npaj lub arc kom raug, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev los tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov yog cov huab cua puag ncig ntuj. Lub vuam yog cais tawm los ntawm cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov flux rau vuam, tab sis qhov no tsis yog nws txoj haujlwm xwb
Pob zeb sib xyaw: cov khoom, muaj pes tsawg leeg, hom, qib ntawm pob zeb, yam ntxwv, ua raws li GOST cov qauv thiab daim ntawv thov
Ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb sib tov, uas tseem hu ua hydrotechnical pob zeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia txog qhov ua kom muaj dej ntau ntxiv. Cov vaj tse raug tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no los siv rau hauv thaj chaw swampy lossis hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj dej nyab