Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam yog cov khoom lag luam. Kev faib tawm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Rau tus neeg nruab nrab uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam, lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus no siv tsis ncaj rau txhua qhov ntawm peb lub neej. Raws li txoj kev xav, cov khoom ntawm hom no suav nrog txhua yam uas tuaj yeem yuav lossis muag, uas yog, khoom ntawm txhua lub hom phiaj, suav nrog cov khoom. Cia wb mus saib seb qhov no txhais li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom thiab nws cov kev faib tawm.

Cov tswv cuab

Tsis muaj ntau yam khoom lag luam koom nrog hauv kev lag luam. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog cov khoom, kev pabcuam, kev nyab xeeb, nyiaj txiag thiab kev txawj ntse.

Cov khoom siv los ua kom tau raws li tib neeg kev xav tau thiab muaj peb yam tseem ceeb:

1. Muab txiaj ntsig rau tus tau txais.
2. Muaj tangible (khoom siv) yam ntxwv thiabzoo.
3. Txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam xws li kev pabcuam, xa khoom, lav.

Kev pabcuam yog cov haujlwm tsis tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov pej xeem.

Nyiaj, kev nyab xeeb lossis peev raws li cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem muaj ob lub ntsiab lus:

1. Cov nyiaj tau nqis peev los ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam, uas yog, tso cai peev, sib koom, khoom vaj khoom tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tuam tsev, cov qauv thiab cov cuab yeej siv, cov txiaj ntsig rov muab faib rau txhua lub hom phiaj kev lag luam.
2. Tus nqi uas tuaj yeem tsim cov nyiaj tau los ntau dua.

Hauv qhov no, cov nyiaj tau muab faib ua tus kheej thiab qiv. Txoj hauv kev kom nce peev raws li qhov khoom ntawm kev ua lag luam yog kev hloov pauv. Uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev yooj yim hu ua kev pauv ntawm cov khoom tsim los yog kev pab cuam rau nyiaj.

Kev Ua Lag Luam Loj

Qhov no yog li cas ob tus neeg ua lag luam tshiab thiab cov lag luam sharks txhais cov khoom lag luam hauv kev lag luam. Yog tias koj kawm cov ntsiab lus, ces ib yam khoom yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas yog tsim los pauv rau lwm yam khoom lossis muag thiab tau txais nyiaj rov qab.

Vim tias lub hom phiaj ntawm tus muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom yog qhov tsis sib xws, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau thawj zaug tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv daim ntawv nyiaj tau los, thiab qhov thib ob - yuav khoom siv tau zoo uas txaus siab rau txhua qhov kev xav tau.

Price

Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib pauv thiab siv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Yog hais tias tus thawj yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm los pauv rau ib yam dab tsilwm yam, nrog rau cov nyiaj, qhov thib ob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua kom tau raws li tib neeg cov kev xav tau. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm ib qho khoom raug ntsuas raws li kev siv tus nqi. Thiab qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tau txais lwm yam khoom siv es tsis txhob ntawm ib qho yog hu ua tus nqi pauv.

Cov neeg siv khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau tus kheej thiab txaus siab rau tus neeg ua khoom lag luam rau tus kheej noj lossis ua khoom siv. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yog zus tau tej cov uas tsim siv tus nqi, uas constitutes lub we alth ntawm lub neej. Tau kawg, nws tsis qhia txog kev sib raug zoo hauv ib pawg neeg, tab sis nws lub ntsiab lus hloov pauv nyob ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv.

Yog tias cov khoom siv zog ua rau tus kheej, ces nws tsuas yog cov neeg tsim khoom muaj nuj nqis xwb. Yog tias cov khoom lag luam tsim rau lwm tus, ces nws tuaj yeem hais qhia txog kev siv-tus nqi. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias ntxiv rau qhov zoo no, cov khoom yuav tsum tuaj yeem pauv rau lwm tus.

Dab tsi tsim tus nqi ntawm cov khoom? Nws paub tias qhov no yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom siv los ntawm nws qhov chaw tsim khoom.

Raws li tus nqi pauv, nws raug xaiv los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom lag luam los pauv rau lwm tus hauv qee qhov sib piv. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob yam khoom feem ntau yog raws li cov qauv, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem ua tau.

Nws tshwm sim tias ib yam khoom muaj tus nqi siv loj, tab sis tus nqi pauv me me heev. Ib qho piv txwv yog dej zoo tib yam, uas yog undoubtedly tseem ceeb heev rau ib tug neeg, tab sis yuav pauv rau ib yam dab tsiyuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub pob zeb diamond tsis txaus siab yuav luag txhua tus neeg xav tau, tab sis yog cov khoom kim heev, uas yog, nws muaj tus nqi pauv loj thiab siv tsis raug nqi.

Kev faib tawm

Muaj ntau lub cim uas koj tuaj yeem qhia tag nrho cov khoom. Xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv:

1. Raws li lub sijhawm ntawm kev noj, cov khoom siv sijhawm luv thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov yog qhov txawv.
2. Los ntawm cov khoom siv tangibility, nws tuaj yeem txawv raws li khoom lossis kev pabcuam.
3. Los ntawm qhov tau txais ntau zaus: txhua hnub, tshwj xeeb lossis tsis xav tau, ua ntej, kev xav lossis xaiv xwm txheej ceev.
4. Los ntawm kev lag luam: khoom noj thiab cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj.
5. Los ntawm kev thov: nquag thov thiab passive thov.
6. Los ntawm qhov tshiab thiab nrov: qub, tshiab, txhim kho, nrov.
7. Raws li qhov chaw tsim khoom: export, ntshuam, hauv zos.
8. Seasonal: kev thov mus tas li (khoom kub), raws caij nyoog, muag khoom siab tshaj.
9. Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom: pawg, thooj, tshwj xeeb.
10. Los ntawm keeb kwm: tsiaj los yog zaub keeb kwm, raw khoom los yog cov khoom tau los ntawm kev ua, sib tov.
11. Los ntawm kev noj: rau tus kheej lossis siv pej xeem.
12. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis siv hauv kev tsim khoom: cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab nyuaj.

Lub sijhawm ntawm kev noj

Cov khoom uas tsis muaj zog yog cov uas tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm ib lossis ntau zaus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yuav yog cov khoomkhoom noj, tshuaj hauv tsev, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab naj hoom.

Cov khoom siv tau ntev yog cov uas tuaj yeem siv tau ntau xyoo. Cov no suav nrog khaub ncaws, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab khoom siv tsim khoom.

Ntau zaus

qhov ntsuas no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav khoom ntau zaus, tsis xav ntau thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib piv nrog cov analogues. Cov khoom muaj tus nqi qis, yog muag hauv ntau lub khw, thiab tau tshaj tawm.

Cov khoom xav tau tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog yuav vim yog hom kev ntseeg siab lossis vim qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev xav tau. Txawm tias tus nqi siab, cov khoom zoo li no tsis hloov. Yog tias cov khoom siv niaj hnub suav nrog zaub mov, tshuaj hauv tsev thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, pawg no yog cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom kim heev thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Cov khoom lag luam xav tau tsawg heev, tsis muaj ntau, tus neeg yuav khoom paub me ntsis txog lawv thiab tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau lawv. Cov khoom no suav nrog kev tuav pov hwm lub neej lossis tsoomfwv daim ntawv cog lus.

Cov neeg yuav khoom npaj rau kev yuav khoom ntawm kev xaiv ua ntej rau lub sijhawm ntev, sib piv cov nqi, qhov zoo thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw muag khoom tsawg dua li cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Pawg no suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khaub ncaws, rooj tog thiab khoom siv.

Saibpauv

Nyob ntawm hom khoom, hom kev lag luam raug txiav txim siab. Lavxias teb sab manufacturers, nrog rau cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, muag ntau yam khoom. Yog li ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom sib txawv. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau peb yuav khoom noj hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws thiab cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj.

thawj suav nrog zaub mov ua tiav lossis ntuj tsim, dej, cawv thiab tsis muaj cawv, tshuaj noj.

Nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj, muaj:

• khaub ncaws, khau thiab textiles;
• khoom siv tu cev;
• khoom kho kom zoo nkauj;
• kab lis kev cai thiab khoom siv hauv tsev;
• thauj;
• khoom siv hauv tsev.

Cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev xav tau thiab tsis muaj zog

Thawj qeb suav nrog tag nrho cov khoom lag luam uas tus neeg xav tau nrog ntau zaus. Cov khoom muag thiab cov kev pabcuam yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm tas li, vim tias ib tus neeg feem ntau tsis paub txog lawv, thiab yog tias nws ua, nws tsis xav txog kev yuav lawv. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog cov khoom lag luam nyuaj lossis kev tuav pov hwm, thaj av rau kev faus neeg lossis kev pabcuam ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, kev tuav pov hwm lub neej thiab vaj tsev.

Tshiab lossis ib txwm yuav

Nws tshwm sim tias tus tswv tsev, piv txwv li, tau txais lub tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo ntau xyoo lossis ntau xyoo dhau los. Nws nyiam nws, thiab tus poj niam nyiam siv nws. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom tuaj yeem hu ua qub raws li kev siv los ntawm tus poj niam tshwj xeeb no.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawmqhov muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom tau hloov pauv. Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv kev lag luam pib sau tseg tias muaj cov khoom siv ntxiv, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom txhim kho.

Yog tias qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom no tau tso tseg, thiab lub tuam txhab pib tsim lwm yam khoom ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws, ces hu ua tshiab.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia cov xwm txheej zoo li no thaum qhov tshiab tau muag, tab sis qhov muag muag ntau tshaj plaws nyob nrog cov khoom muaj npe nrov. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov khoom lag luam los ntawm qeb ntawm cov laus mus rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom nrov.

Qhov twg tsim thiab yog vim li cas

Ib yam khoom xa tawm yog cov khoom lag luam uas tsim tawm rau lub hom phiaj xa tawm los ntawm lub tebchaws tuaj thiab muag sab nraud.

Ntshuam yog txhua yam uas tau los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws thiab muag sab nraud nws ciam teb.

khoom hauv zos yog muag qhov twg lawv tsim.

Seasonality

Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom.

Ib yam khoom kub yog qhov tseem ceeb txhua xyoo puag ncig, tab sis kuj muaj cov subtleties ntawm no thiab. Piv txwv li, cov khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov xav tau tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, peb txhua tus paub tias tangerines saj zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, yog li peb yuav lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm no ntawm lub xyoo. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cabbage yog nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov thaum ntxov, txawm hais tias cabbage yog tas li yuav raws li ib tug zaub. Yog li cov khoom ntawm kev thov mus tas li tuaj yeem poob rau hauv ib lub caij nyoog. Tsis tas li ntawd raws caij nyoog tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau khaub ncaws, khau, khoom siv rau kev tawm mus rau hauv lub teb chaws, hiking, rau kev ua si. Ib qeb tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom ntawm kev muag khoom siab tshaj. Nws yog ib tug ncemuab thiab thov rau cov khoom ntawm ib tug thematic xwm, piv txwv li, kev muag khoom ntawm Christmas tsob ntoo decorations rau lub Xyoo Tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv rau Easter ncuav mog qab zib rau Easter, phaib thiab cim khoom plig rau Valentine hnub yog ho nce.

Ntau tus neeg yuav

Kev ua lag luam rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev thov. Hauv qhov no, muaj ntau hom khoom:

• huab hwm coj, uas tsim nyog rau txhua tus thiab muag hauv ntim loj (khaub ncaws, khau, khoom noj, khoom siv hauv tsev);
• piece (khoom plig qub, tsheb khoom kim heev);
• exclusive (cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua kom xaj hauv ib daim qauv).

Keeb Kwm

Russian manufacturers, nrog rau cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam thiab ntau yam khoom lossis cov khoom lag luam. Nyob ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua, tsib hom khoom yog txawv:

• feedstock yog tsiaj txhu;
• cog-raws li kev tsim khoom;
• raw khoom yog mined los ntawm lub plab;
• khoom yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
• mixed keeb kwm, thaum siv ntau cov lus qhia ib zaug.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm nomenclature thiab assortment

Assortment yog ntau yam khoom tsim los ntawm ib lub chaw tsim khoom lossis muag hauv ib lub qhov hluav taws xob, muaj qhov zoo sib xws.

Cov khoom lag luam yog cov npe ntawm txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawmchaw tsim tshuaj paus hauv tsev.

Yog li, qhov ntau txhais tau tias cov khoom lag luam koom nrog tib pab pawg, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav txawv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg (cov menyuam yaus, hluas, cov neeg laus, cov neeg tsis taus), los ntawm daim ntawv thov (khaub ncaws, tshuaj pleev ib ce, zaub mov) lossis nyob rau hauv tib tus nqi ntau.

Cov khoom nomenclature txhais tau txawv heev. Lub tswv yim no yog dav dav thiab txhais tau tias txhua yam uas muag hauv lub khw los yog tsim ntawm ib lub lag luam. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub khw muag khoom kis las. Ntawm no, cov nomenclature tuaj yeem nkag siab, piv txwv li, raws li lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov cov khoom xaiv xaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no pab pawg neeg, assortment yuav sawv cev los ntawm skates, skis, sleds, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - skateboards, tsheb kauj vab, pas dej ua ke, cov menyuam skates thiab cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws tents.

Txhua tus neeg xa khoom xav txog kev tsim kev lag luam ntau. Thiab yog tias cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm ntawm qhov no hauv cov khw muag khoom loj, ces nws nyuaj dua rau cov neeg ua lag luam. Tom qab tag nrho, feem ntau yog ib lub lag luam me yog khiav los ntawm ib tus tswv lossis nrog kev koom tes ntawm ob lossis peb tus neeg pabcuam (tus neeg muag khoom, tus accountant, tus neeg ua haujlwm huv).

Yuav kom tsim cov khoom lag luam kom raug, ntau yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account:

• khoom hom;
• chaw;
• kev muaj peev xwm thiab khoom siv;
• khoom ruaj ntseg;
• tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom;
• kev nkag mus tau yooj yim;
• kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qhua;
• nationality ntawm kev pab cuam contingent;
• chaw nres tsheb thiab lwm yamyooj yim;
• muaj cov neeg sib tw nyob ze.

Tsis ntseeg, txawm tias qhov kev ua haujlwm loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab kev nyiam cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem raug hla los ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo lossis cov khoom siv tas sij hawm thiab kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom.

Hom kev siv thiab kev tsim khoom siv tshuab

Cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tsim tawm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kheej lossis siv pej xeem. Yog tias, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv tu cev, cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab khaub ncaws tau tsim rau cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb, ces subway turnstiles, ATMs, tsev qiv ntawv thiab kev ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem siv thiab tuaj xyuas los ntawm txhua tus neeg.

Tsis tas li, cov khoom tau muab faib ua cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab nyuaj. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm txoj cai lij choj, cov txheej txheem nyuaj yog cov uas muaj cov cuab yeej nyuaj thiab tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv pawg no tau pom zoo los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, 2011 No. 924 thiab suav nrog:

1. Tsheb thiab dav hlau siv los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab ICE.
2. khoom siv thiab tshuab siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb.
3. wireless kev sib txuas lus thiab cov khoom siv navigation.
4. System blocks, computers, tablets thiab satellite TV sets.
5. MFC laser thiab inkjet.
6. saib, TVs, projectors, kho qhov muag video khoom thiab game consoles nrog digital tswj lub thawv.
7. Digital video koob yees duab thiab lo ntsiab muag.
8. khoom siv hauv tsev.

Ntse

Cov khoom tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog cais, tab sis kuj txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab nta.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog:

1. High-zoo, txawv los ntawm qee cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ib hom.
2. Assortment, uas txiav txim siab txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.
3. Quantitative, thaum cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm units ntawm kev ntsuas thiab lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis.
4. Tus nqi - txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev yuav khoom.

code yog dab tsi? Nws muab li cas?

Coding ntawm cov khoom yog lawv cov qauv tsim siv cov lej lossis cov ntawv. Feem ntau, daim ntawv lo yog muab rau ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb lossis tag nrho pawg. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm coding cov khoom tshwm sim rau lawv cov kev faib tawm, qeb duas thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm ntau lwm yam khoom.

Muaj ntau txoj cai ua raws li cov txheej txheem no:

1. Code yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv uas tau txais los ntawm ib qho kev ua haujlwm.
2. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, tsim cov cim yuav tsum tau siv, cov txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib feem ntawm cov qauv.

Raws li tus qauv ntawm txoj cai tau nkag siab txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov kab ke ntawm qee tus lej, ntawv lossis lwm yam kev xaiv. Nws muaj cov tsiaj ntawv, puag, qeb thiab ntev.

Cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov paib. Paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lej, alphanumeric, cov tsiaj ntawv los yog cov tsiaj ntawv dashed. Lub hauv paus yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe. Nyob rau hauv qeb nkag siab qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov lej, cov tsiaj ntawv lossis strokes. Qhov ntev yog tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho cov cim siv, tsis suav nrogchaw.

Feem ntau, kaum tus lej bar code yog siv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas yooj yim rau kev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv nyeem niaj hnub no. Xws li tus cim muaj xws li tsaus nti strips ntawm ntau yam thicknesses ntawm uas muaj dawb paug. Tsis tas li ntawm lub ntim ntawm cov khoom, cov cai yog duplicated nyob rau hauv cov zauv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua yam khoom tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau ob qho tib si los ntawm kev mob stroke thiab los ntawm cov cim sau hauv qab lawv.

Daim ntawv pov thawj. Nws yog dab tsi thiab nws yog dab tsi?

Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom yog nkag siab raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov ntawv pov thawj rau kev ua raws li qee qhov kev xav tau los ntawm tus thib peb thiab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv tsim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem lees paub qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab lub tuam txhab ua raws li tag nrho cov cai thiab cov cai.

Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom yog ua nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm:

1. Tiv thaiv cov neeg yuav khoom los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsis raug cai.
2. Tswj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom rau tib neeg, ib puag ncig, khoom.
3. Pab cov neeg siv khoom xaiv lawv cov khoom nyiam.
4. Kev lees paub ntawm qhov zoo tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom ntim.
5. Tsim kom muaj vaj huam sib luag rau kev tsim khoom thiab muag rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog kev lag luam.

Dab tsi ntawm kev yeem thiab yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj.

Kev yeem yog ua tiav raws li qhov kev thov ntawm lub tuam txhab uas tau txiav txim siab kom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam rau qee yam ntxwv zoo, qauv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ua los ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation hnub tim 10.06.1993 No. 5151-1 "Rau ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam". Qhov zoo ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem no thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug txo kom tsawgTom ntej:

1. Cov chaw tsim khoom tau txais txoj cai los koom nrog kev sib tw thiab kev sib tw, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj nws txawv ntawm lwm tus neeg koom.
2. Tau pab nrog cov tswj hwm kom yooj yim rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntawv tso cai.
3. Pab txhawb kom tau txais qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo thaum ua daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau ua.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev yeem xa daim ntawv thov los tshuaj xyuas ib yam khoom lossis kev pabcuam tsis muaj neeg nyiam hauv tebchaws Russia vim tus nqi siab thiab ntev ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau hais txog cov txheej txheem thiab kev lees paub ntawm tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj cai. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum tau txais ib daim ntawv lees paub tias lawv tau dhau qhov kev xeem tau pom zoo los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias No. 1013 hnub tim 13 Lub Yim Hli 1997 thiab suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• rau menyuam;
• rau kev kho mob thiab kho cov neeg tsis taus;
• khoom noj khoom haus;
• xaws thiab knitwear;
• tsev;
• rau kev lom zem thiab kev lom zem;
• -pluab thiab pluab;
• tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab perfumes;
• tseem;
• sports;
• tseem;
• kev lag luam tsheb;
• zoo chaw.

Ntxiv rau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws, nrog rau cov kev pabcuam hauv qab no xav tau ntawv pov thawj:

• kho thiab tucov tshuab hauv tsev, khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv xov tooj cua;
• qhuav tu;
• kho thiab tu tsheb;
• rau kev thauj neeg caij tsheb;
• kev pabcuam plaub hau;
• tsev thiab khoom siv.

Peb cia siab tias tam sim no lub ntsiab lus tau los ze dua thiab meej rau koj.