Kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam: hom, kev faib tawm, kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam. Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws
Kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam: hom, kev faib tawm, kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam. Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws

Video: Kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam: hom, kev faib tawm, kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam. Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws

Video: Kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam: hom, kev faib tawm, kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam. Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws
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Txhua lub tebchaws muaj nws txoj kev lag luam. Nws yog ua tsaug rau kev lag luam uas cov peev nyiaj tau ntxiv, cov khoom tsim nyog, cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov khoom siv raw yog tsim. Lub degree ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Qhov siab dua nws yog tsim, ntau dua kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws thiab, raws li, tus qauv ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntawm nws cov pej xeem. Cov ceg ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub cev tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau cov lag luam tseem ceeb yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub xeev.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam

Txhua lub tuam txhab, cov chaw tsim khoom, cov tsev haujlwm uas koom nrog kev tsim khoom lossis kev pabcuam ntawm tib hom, tsim ib qho kev lag luam. Feem ntau, kev lag luam kev lag luam zoo sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom siv, raw khoom, khoom siv los ntawm lwm yam kev lag luam. Txhua ceg ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg. Thawj yog kev lag luam mining. Nws yog miningfossils, lwm yam khoom siv raw. Qhov no kuj suav nrog kev rho tawm cov nqaij nruab deg. Cov qeb thib ob yog kev tsim khoom lag luam. Hom no yog koom nrog hauv kev ua txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom siv. Lub ntsiab sectors ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam yog ncaj qha kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho, thiab kev thauj mus los. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua lwm yam subtypes.

Ceg ntawm kev lag luam
Ceg ntawm kev lag luam

thaj chaw lag luam ntawm Russia

Thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws muaj kev faib tsis sib npaug ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Tias yog vim li cas cov ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam tsim ob thaj chaw lag luam loj: Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Hnub Poob. Thawj koom ua ke Siberia, Far East thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov peev txheej loj heev. Kev lag luam mining dominates ntawm no. Sab hnub poob tsis muaj cov khoom siv raw li no. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no cov ceg ntawm kev lag luam feem ntau yog kev tsim khoom. 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam kev lag luam yog concentrated hauv cheeb tsam no.

Sectors of the national economy. Classification

Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom lag luam, kev lag luam ntawm pawg "A" thiab "B" yog qhov txawv. Thawj yog koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv, qhov thib ob - cov khoom siv. Ib qho kev sib txawv kuj yog ua los ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tsis yog kev tsim khoom. Ceg ntawm kev lag luam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim khoom lag luam:

  • kev lag luam;
  • kev sib txuas lus, thauj;
  • kev ua liaj ua teb;
  • kev lag luam hav zoov;
  • construction;
  • kev.
  • Ceg ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws
    Ceg ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws

Txhua qhov kev pabcuam, kev pabcuam hauv zej zogua rau thaj chaw uas tsis tsim khoom:

  • kev noj qab haus huv;
  • kev kawm;
  • khoom siv;
  • art, kab lis kev cai;
  • nyiaj txiag, nyiaj laus;
  • science, thiab lwm yam.

Gas, roj, thee kev lag luam

Lub teb chaws cov roj thiab lub zog ua haujlwm yog qhov qhia tau tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev lag luam muaj peev xwm. Kev lag luam roj suav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav cov roj av, nws cov khoom tsim, kev thauj mus los thiab kev siv. Nws yog qhov pheej yig los tsim cov roj xiav. Piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm cov thee ntau lawm tshaj tus nqi ntawm cov roj ntau lawm ntau tshaj 10 npaug. Kev lag luam roj yog koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev tso nyiaj, tsim khoom thiab xa cov roj. Natural gas kuj tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Qhov kim tshaj plaws yog kev lag luam thee. Pob zeb, xim av coal yog mined hauv mines. Cov ceg ntawm kev lag luam zoo li no xav tau kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov peev txheej loj ntawm tib neeg.

Power industry

Cov roj thiab lub zog ua haujlwm tseem suav nrog kev tsim khoom thiab faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv thermal fais fab nroj tsuag, nuclear thiab hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag. Thermal fais fab nroj tsuag siv roj, thee, roj roj los yog peat rau ntau lawm. Thaum lawv raug hlawv, thermal zog yog hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag yog tsim rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm cov reservoirs loj. Tus nqi hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lawv yog qis dua. Yog tias thaj chaw tsis muaj dej ntws thiab cov roj cia loj, ces cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear raug tsim. Lawv siv uranium ore hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Roj noj tib lub sij hawmtsawg dua. Lwm qhov zoo dua tsis ntseeg yog kev khaws cia ntawm qhov huv ntawm ib puag ncig. Ib lo lus tshiab nyob rau hauv lub zog - geothermal chaw nres tsheb. Lawv siv cov cua sov sab hauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb (nyob ze ntawm lub roob hluav taws).

Ceg ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm Russia
Ceg ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm Russia

Metallurgy

Cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam ntawm ntau lub tebchaws (xws li Russia) suav nrog kev tsim cov ferrous thiab non-ferrous hlau. Muab tag nrho-lub voj voog metallurgy (tsim hlau cam khwb cia hlau, hlau, dov khoom) thiab hloov dua siab tshiab, uas tsis muaj cam khwb cia hlau. Qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam ntawm hom no cuam tshuam los ntawm kev muaj cov khoom siv raw thiab hluav taws xob. Cov sectors ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm Russia uas koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov steel thiab dov khoom yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Kev siv tshuab ntawm kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj hlau muaj ntau yam nta. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ores yog mined, ces lawv yog enriched. Concentrate, cov ntawv hlau yog tsim. Txhawm rau muab nws cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov kev txwv, kev ua haujlwm kho kom zoo yog ua. Muab cov khoom hnyav (nickel, lead, tin) thiab lub teeb (aluminium, titanium) hlau. Hnyav hlau metallurgy yog cov khoom siv siv ntau: kev tsim khoom ntawm ib tuj hlau yuav tsum tau ntau pua tons ntawm ore. Feem ntau, cov chaw lag luam no nyob ze ntawm cov khoom siv raw.

Ceg ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Russia
Ceg ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Russia

Engineering

Kev lag luam ntawm lub tshuab tsim ua haujlwm yuav tsum suav nrog ntau yam: muaj cov khoom siv raw thiab cov neeg siv khoom, kev tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev thauj mus los zoo thiab thaj chaw. Qhov no suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no ntawm kev lag luam: tsheb, tsheb tsimkev lag luam, kev tsim cov nkoj, tsheb laij teb. Cov qeb no tseem suav nrog kev tsim cov cuab yeej, kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob. Qhov kev lag luam no tseem koom nrog kev tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv.

Kev lag luam ntawm hav zoov thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam

Cov khoom ntawm kev lag luam ntoo ntsib peb txhua hnub. Cov no suav nrog phau ntawv sau, rooj tog thiab ntau ntxiv. Cov ceg ntoo ntawm kev lag luam yog koom nrog kev sau, ua thiab ua cov ntoo. Feem ntau xws li kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas nws kim heev tsob ntoo cog. Kev lag luam woodworking ua cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov ntoo, plywood, rooj tog.

Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws
Cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws

Kuj thaj chaw no suav nrog kev lag luam sawmill. Pulp thiab daim ntawv ceg ntawm kev lag luam tsim cov ntawv, duab los qhia, pulp, ntawv ntim thiab ntau ntxiv. Tseem muaj kev lag luam ntoo tshuaj. Nws yog koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov kuab tshuaj, methyl cawv, hydrolysis ntau lawm. Kev lag luam tshuaj muaj xws li kev tsim cov fibers, dyes, plastics, thiab xim thiab kua roj vanish kev lag luam. Cov complex no kuj muaj xws li pharmacology, zus tau tej cov tshuaj ntawm cov organic synthesis, tshuaj tsev neeg.

Agricultural sectors

Kev Ua liaj ua teb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, vim nws muab zaub mov rau cov pej xeem. Pawg no tau muab faib ua tsiaj txhu thiab cog qoob loo ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag (zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cereals thiab industrial qoob loo, thiab lwm yam).

Kev lag luamkev ua liaj ua teb
Kev lag luamkev ua liaj ua teb

Txoj kev ua liaj ua teb uas koom nrog kev yug tsiaj yog kev yug nyuj (nqaij nyuj, yug me nyuam), yug yaj, ua liaj ua teb nqaij qaib. Kuj tseem muaj tej liaj teb loj hlob npua, nees, ntses, tsiaj txhu. Beekeeping kuj yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev yug tsiaj.

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