Qhov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab nws hom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ib alloy ntawm hlau thiab carbon nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tom kawg tsis ntau tshaj 2, 14% yog hu ua hlau. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm steel: lub zog, ductility, toughness, elasticity, hnav tsis kam thiab lwm yam. Kev faib tawm tseem ceeb ntawm steels yog txiav txim los ntawm:

• 

  tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

• Structural composition.
• Qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau lossis hlau (nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom).
• Qib ntawm deoxidation.
• Destination.

tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, cov pa roj carbon thiab cov hlau alloy hlau yog qhov txawv. Cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv ob hom hlau kuj txiav txim siab lawv cov cim thiab GOST cim. Kev faib tawm carbon steel tau muab faib ua:

• Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (tsawg dua 0.3% C (carbon) cov ntsiab lus).
• Nruab nrab carbon (0.3 txog 0.7% C cov ntsiab lus).
• High carbon (C ntsiab lus - siab dua 0.7%).

txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov hlau, cov hlau yog alloyed. Nyob rau hauv lub alloy yog qhia, ntxiv rau lub ntsiab Cheebtsam thiab impurities,Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, boron, vanadium, thallium, thiab lwm yam), uas muab cov alloying complex. Nyob rau hauv lem, kev faib tawm ntawm alloy steels highlights:

• Low-alloyed (muaj tsawg dua 2.5% steel alloying Cheebtsam).
• Medium-alloyed (muaj los ntawm 2.5 mus rau 10% ntawm cov hlau alloying Cheebtsam).
• High-alloyed (muaj saum toj no 10% steel alloying Cheebtsam).

Kev faib cov hlau los ntawm cov qauv tsim

Steel uas tau dhau cov txheej txheem alloying tau muab faib ua cov chav kawm raws li cov qauv tsim. Cov qauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig alloy nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv nws, cov khoom siv alloying thiab cov cua txias tom qab cua sov rau 900 ⁰С. Muaj tsib hom kev sib xyaw ua ke:

• Pearlite alloy.
• YMartensitic alloy.
• Austenitic alloy.
• Ferritic alloy.
• YCarbide alloy.

Kev faib cov hlau los ntawm qhov zoo

Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsim khoom (txoj kev smelting, cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities), steels thiab alloys tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg:

• Cov ntsiab lus zoo (S (sulphur) > 0.06%, P (phosphorus) < 0.07%).
• Quality (cov ntsiab lus ntawm S (sulfur) > 0.04%, P (phosphorus) < 0.35%).
• High quality (S(sulphur) content > 0.025%, P(phosphorus) < 0.025%).
• Cov ntsiab lus zoo heev (S (Sulfur) > 0.015%, P (Phosphorus) < 0.025%).

Rau cov hlau zoo tib yamsuav nrog cov pa roj carbon steel, tus nqi thiab cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis uas muaj qhov qis dua cov hlau ntawm lwm cov chav kawm.

Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, ob qho tib si alloyed thiab carbon steels tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom zoo. Hauv kev tsim cov hlau zoo, kev tsim khoom nruj dua yuav tsum tau pom.

Carbon-hom steels ntawm qhov zoo tib yam thiab qhov zoo yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qib ntawm deoxidation thiab qhov xwm ntawm solidification li calm, semi-ceev thiab boiling.

High-zoo thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau zoo muaj cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis, nce qib ntawm kev ua kom huv los ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo.

Kev faib cov hlau los ntawm lub hom phiaj

Los ntawm lub hom phiaj, steel raug faib ua:

Nkauj ntseeg vaj tswv instrumental.

Kev tsim kho.

Steel nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.