Coal: kev faib tawm, hom, qib, yam ntxwv, combustion nta, qhov chaw rho tawm, daim ntawv thov thiab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Coal yog ib qho chaw sib txawv thiab ntau yam. Vim nws peculiarity ntawm tsim nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nws muaj peev xwm muaj ntau yam txawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog txoj cai los faib cov thee. Yuav ua li cas qhov no tshwm sim tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no.

Fossil thee feem ntau yog mined los ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis qee zaum, vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm seismic, thee seams tuaj rau saum npoo, qhov chaw mining tuaj yeem ua tau. Tab sis qhov twg cov thee nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust los ntawm? Kev tsim cov thee yog txheej txheem ntev heev thiab nyuaj uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo tib yam. Thaum cov nroj tsuag tuag, tsis muaj oxygen thiab cov av noo siab, peat yog tsim los ntawm lawv. Ntau xyoo dhau los, cov peat no nkag mus rau hauv av, qhov twg, vim qhov kub thiab txias, nws maj mam tig mus rau hauv cov thee. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua coalification.

Fossil thee tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tus txiv neej ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, yog li muaj ntau hom kev pab no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau ntau hom kev faib cov thee: los ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, los ntawmnta ntawm keeb kwm, qhov loj me, av noo, muaj impurities, thiab ntau lwm yam ntxwv. Cia peb saib ib co ntawm lawv.

Kev faib cov thee los ntawm qhov loj ntawm daim

Txhawm rau rho cov thee los ntawm cov av hauv av, nws yuav tsum tau crushed thiab xa mus rau saum npoo. Cov txiaj ntsig tau tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv ntxiv. Vim li no, muaj ib lub xeev tus qauv (GOST R 51586-2000), uas txhais cov kev faib cov thee raws li qhov loj ntawm daim. Cov qhov loj me no qee zaum hu ua cov qib thee kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov qib, uas yuav tau tham tom qab.

Class name (abbreviation)	Size in mm
Slab (P)	Los ntawm 100
Luag (K)	50-100
Nut (O)	25-50
Small (M)	13-25
noob (C)	6-13
Shtyb (Sh)	mus txog 6

Yog cov thee tseem tsis tau txheeb thiab muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom sib txawv kiag li, ces cov thee no hu ua dog dig (P).

Tseem muaj cov qib sib xyaw, uas yog, sib xyaw ntawm cov coals sib txawv hauv qee qhov txwv. Tab sis qhov feem pua ntawm cov thee ntawm txhua chav kawm hauv qhov no tsis raug tswj hwm. Cov sib tov yuav muaj, piv txwv li, ntawm 95% noob thiab 5% cultivar, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ntau yam yuav hu ua.noob nrog ib pob.

Class name (abbreviation)	Size in mm
Loj nrog slab (PC)	Los ntawm 50
Walnut nrog loj (KO)	25-100
me me walnut (OM)	13-50
Cov noob me (MS)	6-25
Noob pob zeb (SS)	Txog 13
Me me nrog noob thiab trout (MSH)	Txog 25
Walnut nrog cov noob me me thiab chips (OMSsh)	mus txog 50

Kev faib cov thee los ntawm qib

Raws li tau hais lawm, thee yuav txawv ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los cais cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov thee, yog li txhawm rau ua kom pom cov thee, tsuas yog siv qee cov yam ntxwv: qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom tsis haum, av noo, cov ntsiab lus carbon, calorific nqi, thiab lwm yam.

Feem ntau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv no txuas nrog. Qhov siab dua cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus ntawm cov thee thiab qhov qis dua cov teeb meem tsis zoo, cov roj hluav taws xob ntau dua tuaj yeem muab tau. Raws li cov yam ntxwv no, thee muab faib ua qib.

Brown thee (B)

Qhov no yog tus yau tshaj thiab yog li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov thee. Nws zoo li lub pob zeb xim av. Qee lub sij hawm nws tseem qhia tau tias muaj cov qauv ntoo. Cov zis hluav taws xob tsuas yog 22 MJ / kg. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov tsawgcarbon cov ntsiab lus, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm noo noo, volatile tshuaj thiab mineral impurities. Tag nrho cov no tsis muab kev sib xyaw kom zoo.

Cov thee no yog tsim ncaj qha los ntawm peat thiab nyob ntawm qhov tob tob (ntawm 10 txog 200 meters). Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog mined ntawm Soltonskoye deposit, nyob rau hauv lub Tunguska thiab Kansk-Achinsk thee basins.

Long Flame Coal (L)

Feem ntau muaj xim grey-dub. Nws hlawv nrog ib tug ntev, smoky nplaim, uas muab nws lub npe. Nws muaj 70-80% carbon, uas ua rau nws zoo me ntsis roj zoo dua li cov xim av xim av. Qhov no tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ya raws tsawg thiab impurities. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov zoo ntawm cov nplaim taws ntev ntev. Cov roj no tuaj yeem hlawv yam tsis muaj tshuab, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau siv hauv qhov cub thiab boilers. Hom thee no muaj ntau heev. Nws extraction yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub Minusinsk, Kuznetsk, Donetsk thiab ntau lwm yam phiab.

Gas Coal (G)

Nyob zoo ib yam li lub npe yav dhau los, tab sis txawv ntawm cov av qis thiab kub kub. Vim tias tom kawg, nws feem ntau siv hauv tsev boiler ua roj. Cov thee no muaj nyob rau hauv Donetsk, Kuznetsk, Kizelovsky thiab qee qhov chaw thee. Nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov deposits ntawm Sakhalin Island.

Fat Charcoal (W)

Nov yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias nws teeb pom kev nyuaj dua li ob lub npe dhau los, nws muaj tus nqi calorific siab (35 MJ / kg). Qhov tsis zoo yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm volatiletshuaj, uas nyuaj rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem combustion, yog li no hom ntawm cov thee tsis tshua muaj siv los ua roj. Cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev siv yog kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov pa roj carbon activated thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev lag luam coke. Cov thee no yog mined hauv Osinovskoye, Baidaevskoye, Leninskoye thiab Tom-Usinkskoye deposits.

Coke Coal (C)

Nov yog hom roj nplua nuj heev vim nws qhov tsis tshua muaj. Qib no ua tau zoo heev coke coke, raws li lub npe qhia. Xws li cov thee yog tsim ntawm qhov tob txaus (5500 m), qhov twg muaj kev kub siab heev. Cov xim ntawm cov thee no yog grey nrog lub ntsej muag ci. Nws muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab tsawg kawg ntawm cov pores. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj volatile yog nruab nrab (22-27%), thiab cov pa roj carbon twb tau nce mus txog 88-90%, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hloov hluav taws xob, txawm tias cov thee no tsis tshua siv los ua roj. Coke thee yog mined hauv Kuznetsk thee phiab, hauv Anzhersky, Tom-Usinsky, Prokopyevsko-Kiselevskiy thiab lwm thaj chaw.

Skinny Caking Coal (OS)

hom thee no tsis txawv ntau ntawm coking thee: cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon thiab inorganic impurities yog kwv yees li ntawm tib theem. Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog nws cov nqi calorific siab. Nws yog 36 MJ / kg, yog li qee zaum nws yog siv los ua roj hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Tab sis nws txoj kev siv tseem ceeb yog kev lag luam coke. Muaj tseeb, cov thee no tsis yog coked, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw nroglwm hom thee. Xws li kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau qib yog hu ua thee charge. Kev rho tawm ntawm cov thee lean yog ua tiav hauv Kuzbass, hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo thiab hauv South Yakutsk thee phiab.

Lean Coal (T)

hom thee no tau txais lub npe zoo li no vim tias cov txheej nyias nyias uas nws nyob hauv pob zeb. Qhov no yog vim qhov tob tob (6600 m) thiab siab siab. Tsis zoo li ob hom yav dhau los, lean thee tsis muaj peev xwm sinter, thiab nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tsim coke los ntawm nws.

Tab sis nws muaj tus nqi calorific siab heev txog 40 MJ / kg. Qhov no ua rau nws siv los ua ib qho roj, nrog rau hauv metallurgy, qhov twg kub heev yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv furnaces rau melting hlau. Cov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov thee lean yog thaj tsam Aralichevsky, Baidayevsky thiab Kemerovo.

Anthracite (A)

Qhov no yog cov thee zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nqi calorific. Cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 98%. Tsuas yog graphite muaj ntau dua. Thiab nyob rau hauv tsos, anthracite yog heev txawv los ntawm lwm hom. Nws muaj cov xim dub tsaus nrog lub suab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nws kuj muaj siab thermal stability thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Lub combustion kub ntawm anthracite yog heev high, yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua roj hauv txhua hom rauv taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv hauv metallurgy, rau kev tsim cov lim dej, electrodes, calcium carbide, microphone hmoov. Cov thee no tsis sinter, yog li nws tsis pom kev siv hauv coking, txawm tias tsis muaj txheej txheem no nws tuaj yeem ua tauhloov coke hauv qee cov txheej txheem.

Lwm hom kev faib tawm

Ntxiv rau cov qib uas tau hais los saum no, muaj ntau qib nruab nrab, xws li cov roj coke (KZh), roj sintering (GS), nplaim taws ntev (DG).

Tsis tas li, cov roj ntawm txhua hom tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm daim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsab ntawv denoting ntau yam yog muab tso tom qab tsab ntawv denoting lub hom. Piv txwv li, anthracite-walnut (AO), bold-slab (ZHP), coke noob (KS).

Tseem muaj kev faib cov thee los ntawm keeb kwm. Tag nrho cov thee, raws li twb tau hais lawm, yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau lab xyoo. Tab sis cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv. Yog li, coals muab faib ua humic (los ntawm ntoo, nplooj, stems) thiab sapropelite (los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag qis, xws li algae).