Cov ntaub pua plag ntau lawm: thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim khoom nta

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ntaub pua plag tsis yog hauv pem teb xwb. Lawv kuj yog ib lub suab nrov nyob rau sab hauv thiab ib hom kev qhia txog kev saj thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm tus tswv tsev. Lub hnub yug ntawm kos duab ntawm ntaub pua plag yog muab zais rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm lub sij hawm, tab sis muaj ib tug relic uas muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no - ntaub pua plag tsim 2500 xyoo dhau los.

Hnub no, kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag thiab ntaub pua plag tau dhau los ua loj heev, thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev lag luam. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam lawv tau woven raws li qub fashioned, raws li cov poj koob yawm txwv tau ua.

Raw khoom

Txhua cov ntaub pua plag ntau lawm pib nrog xaiv cov khoom siv raw. Thiab yog tias ua ntej qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug txwv rau wool thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav, hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub qhwv los ntawm ob qho tib si ntuj fibers thiab lawv cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Yog li, cov ntaub pua plag yog tsim los ntawm cov kab hauv qab no:

1. Natural, uas muab faib ua cov protein thiab cellulose.
2. Artificial: cellulose thiab ntxhia.
3. Synthetic.

Protein natural raw khoom yog ntaub plaub thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Handicrafts tsuas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tsoos, zoo li txhua yamsynthetics yuav txo cov sij hawm ua hauj lwm.

Wool yog mos, ruaj, resilient thiab sov. Tab sis cov ntaub pua plag no tuaj yeem noj tau los ntawm npauj, thiab ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem ua qhov ua xua.

Cov ntaub pua plag yog cov ntaub zoo nkauj, mos, ci thiab ruaj khov uas yuav dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam vim nws hnav tsis kam. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no mus dhau tag nrho cov kev txwv tsim nyog, thiab txawm tias tsev neeg uas muaj nyiaj tau los nruab nrab tsis tuaj yeem them taus yuav nws.

Cellulosic natural raw khoom (paj rwb thiab jute) feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub pua plag tsis muaj lint.

Artificial cellulose fibers yog cov xov ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tab sis ua los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no. Cov ntaub pua plag viscose yog ib qho zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, ntau tus nqi pheej yig.

Cov pob zeb ntxhia pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm asbestos. Ntau tus ceev faj txog cov khoom no, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws tsis hlawv. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog asbestos lev tuaj yeem muab tso rau ze ntawm qhov cub thiab lwm qhov chaw muaj kev phom sij ntawm hluav taws kub.

Cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog tsim los ntawm polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide thiab polyacrylonitrile. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nws tus kheej ntsuas rau hnav tsis kam, dej tsis kam thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Tab sis tag nrho cov synthetics yaj los ntawm hluav taws.

Tim ntaub pua plag

Nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias muaj pes tsawg hom ntaub pua plag muaj. Lawv tag nrho cov subdivided nyob ntawm seb hom weaving, zoo li, cov ntaub ntawv, manufacturing technology, thiab ntau lwm yam.kos npe.

Txawm tias nyob hauv ib lub tuam txhab tsim cov ntaub pua plag, ntau ntau hom khoom raug tsim. Yog tias peb tham txog kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag, ces qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua: txawm nyob hauv tib lub zos, craftsmen nyob rau hauv lub zej zog weave cov khoom sib txawv.

Tab sis yog tias koj tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, ces tag nrho cov ntaub pua plag tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau yam.

Los ntawm kev siv tshuab:

• manual;
• machine.

Los ntawm cov khoom siv raw: ntuj, dag, hluavtaws thiab sib xyaw.

Los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lint: pawg thiab lint-dawb.

Los ntawm pawg hom:

• ib theem
• multilevel;
• velor;
• Saxony;
• frise;
• combined.

Cais, nws tsim nyog hais txog cov ntaub pua plag tsis-woven: tufted, koob-punched, knitted, flocked, crocheted thiab tes-felted khoom. Kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov ntaub pua plag no tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Qee cov kws tshaj lij hais txog cov khoom no ua cov flooring, vim lawv tsis muaj lub hauv paus.

Machine made

Kev tsim cov nyuj ntawm kev lag luam tau ua tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam no pheej yig rau txhua ntu ntawm cov pejxeem. Niaj hnub no, cov ntaub pua tsev tsis-woven tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Peb kuj tsim cov ntaub pua plag ntawm cov hauv qab no:

1. Ob-daim ntawv jacquard - ob txheej txheej txheej txheej, muaj cov xov ntawm pawg ntawm cov thav duab, thaum kawg ntawm lub voj voog thev naus laus zis lawv raug txiav, thiab lawv tau txais tam sim ntawdob yam khoom - los ntawm sab sauv thiab qis ib nrab.
2. Bar jacquard - pawg ntaub yog woven nrog weft threads rau hauv paus warp.
3. Axminster - cov pob zeb ntawm pawg yog mechanically embedded nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Muab faib ua tubular thiab jacquard.

Handmade ntaub pua plag

Kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag rau kev muag khoom yog dav dav tsis yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj xws li Is Nrias teb, Pakistan thiab Iran, tab sis kuj nyob rau qee thaj tsam ntawm peb lub tebchaws, piv txwv li hauv Dagestan.

Cov ntaub pua plag yog ib qho khoom kim heev. Txawm hais tias tus tswv ua ib yam dab tsi ntau zaus raws li cov qauv qub, nws tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb - qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov qauv, pob qhov rooj, lub suab ntawm cov dyed fibers, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom no kim. Tab sis thaum yuav, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xuas tes ua - nws tuaj yeem siv li ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau peb xyoos rau tus tswv los ua ib daim ntaub.

Yuav ua li cas ua ib cov ntaub pua tsev xuas tes ua: technology

1. Ua ntej tshaj, xaiv ib daim duab. Qee lub sij hawm ib daim qauv npaj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo. Tab sis qee zaum masters tuaj nrog ib yam dab tsi tshiab - lawv muab cov khoom zoo nkauj los ntawm kev sim cov duab kos, ua si nrog cov xim thiab tag nrho cov qauv. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav hauv cov khoos phis tawj tshwj xeeb.
2. Cov ntaub pua plag ntawm txhua qhov teev pib nrog kev npaj cov khoom siv raw. Cov ntaub plaub yog combed tawm, tshem tawm tag nrho cov av ntawm nws. Ces lawv spun, uas yog, twisted rau hauv threads thaum ntub.
3. Tom ntejtheem - xim. Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev, txij li cov xov yuav tsum tau dyed nyob rau hauv txoj cai xim thiab tusyees.
4. Nyob. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tying ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm knots nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Thiab lub hauv paus yog muaj zog parallel threads stretched ntawm tus ncej.
5. Ntxuav - txhawm rau kho cov khoom tom qab tus tswv txhais tes.
6. Txoj kev. Pab kom zoo thaum qhuav.
7. Txoj plaub hau. Cov txheej txheem ilv thaum lub sij hawm cov pawg yog trimmed rau ib ntev.

Russian ntaub pua plag weaving

Russian-ua ntaub pua plag tsis muaj npe nrov li Indian lossis Iranian. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, ntaub pua plag weaving nyob rau hauv ib tug loj scale muaj txawm ua ntej cov tsos ntawm thawj factories thiab manufactories. Lub canvas tau woven ntawm monasteries thiab loj vaj tse - thiab cov no yog tiag tiag masterpieces tsim los ntawm txhais tes ntawm Lavxias teb sab craftswomen. Cov ntaub pua plag zoo nkauj, xuas tes ua nrog kub, nyiaj thiab xim lo lo ntxhuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tawm tsam. Cov khoom zoo li no tau nthuav tawm los ua khoom plig rau cov embassies ntawm ntau lub teb chaws, thiab thaum tsaus ntuj lawv raug coj mus ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom plig.