Plain bearings: tsim, hom, ntau lawm, hom phiaj, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Generators, combustion engines, thiab lwm yam. siv lub tes tsho bearings. Cov no yog cov khoom uas muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob torque, kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab. Cov kabmob muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsim. Qhov no muab cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib feem. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv tsim ntawm cov kabmob dawb, lawv ntau yam, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Plain bearings (GOST 3189-89) yog hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom no. Lawv yog siv los ua ib feem ntawm kev sib hloov qhov chaw kom xa cov lus taw qhia txhais lus. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa ncej, uas ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev sib hloov hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm zawv zawg tus pin rau saum npoo ntawm cov kabmob.

Nyob zooib feem perceives axial thiab radial loads uas tau siv rau lub ncej. Kev ua haujlwm kom raug ntawm chav nyob yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no.

Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm dov thiab zawv zawg bearings. Thawj qhov ntawm cov kev xaiv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj xws li tus qauv tsim, uas ua kom muaj kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm dov. Lawv nyob hauv lub cev. Lub tiaj bearing, ntawm qhov tod tes, perceives lub load thaum plam tshwm sim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ob hom ntawm qhov chaw, kev ua haujlwm kom raug tsuas yog ua kom muaj lubrication zoo.

Xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm dov thiab zawv zawg bearings, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lawv cov nqi sib txawv heev. Qhov no yog vim qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov load uas cov khoom no tuaj yeem tiv taus. Piv txwv li, lub dov bearing nqi ntau dua vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nrawm dua. Nws muaj tus qauv tsim dua tshiab.

Lub tes tsho bearing kuj pheej yig. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau ceg ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Cov qauv zoo li no yog siv rau qhov kev siv dov bearings yog tsis yooj yim sua los yog unprofitable:

• Hauv cov khoom uas cov shafts ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev vibration thiab poob siab. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv, rauj, dov mills, thiab lwm yam.
• Nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov kab loj loj shafts. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov system ntawm hydro turbines, dov mills, thiab lwm yam.
• Hauv cov tshuab ceev xws li centrifuges.
• Nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv siab xws li kev txhawb nqa tshuabtelescopes, microscopes, machine tool spindles thiab ntau dua.
• Hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov tshuab qis thiab cov tshuab, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv dej lossis ib puag ncig hnyav.
• Hauv cov khoom siv nrog cov ncej me, xws li watches, chronometers, thiab lwm yam.

Tsim

Plain bearing ua haujlwm li cas? Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov qauv tsim yog lub cev, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb insert. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov chaw tsim khoom yog tswj los ntawm GOST.

Lub tes tsho bearing vaj tse tuaj yeem faib los yog khov. Hauv thawj kis, txhawm rau txuas lub hauv paus thiab lub hau, nws yog tsim los siv bolts, screws lossis wedges. Yog tias lub cev yog ib qho, nws tuaj yeem ua ib qho los yog welded. Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm. Cam khwb cia ntau yam tiv taus hnyav.

Vim tias lub zog sab nraud ua rau ntawm ib qho xwm txheej, lub hau npog thiab lub hauv paus tau muab nrog kev sib koom tes tshwj xeeb kom ntev lawv lub neej kev pabcuam.

Plain bearing shells tuaj yeem kho tau thiab tsis kho qhov tshem tawm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv yog muab los ntawm ib lossis ntau hom roj-hom wedges. Nyob rau hauv ib-thooj bearings, cov liners yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bushings.

Nyob hauv cov chav nyob niaj hnub no, cov kabmob luv luv. Qhov no txo cov rigidity ntawm cov ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev cai rau kev tshem tawm hauv kev tsaws tau dhau los ua nruj me ntsis. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau tsawg heev hauv cov kabmob luv luv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm jamming, jamming ntawm qhov txav ntawm cov qauv thaumskewed.

Xav txog yuav ua li cas cov kabmob tiaj tiaj ua haujlwm, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias luv luv ntawm cov qauv tsim muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Lawv khiav tawm ntawm cov roj sai dua. Yog tias nws tsis ntxiv rau lub sijhawm, cov qauv yuav ua tsis tiav. Tab sis lawv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me me. Nyob rau hauv luv luv bearings, tshem tawm tshav kub los ntawm rubbing nto yog zoo dua. Yog tias qhov ntev yog qhov loj, siv tus kheej-aligning tsim. Nws tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam thaum lawv tshwm sim.

Lubricating tus qauv

Xav txog qhov tsim ntawm cov kabmob dawb, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog lubrication. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, nws muaj lub cev thiab lub tes tsho. Qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub ncej yog hu ua trunnion. Nws (nrog rau cov duab ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv) tuaj yeem ua conical, cylindrical lossis tiaj tus. Yog hais tias lub trunnion nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub ncej, nws yog ib tug tenon. Yog nws nyob nruab nrab ces yog lub caj dab.

Lub tshuab lubricating yog qhov tsim nyog tsim. Nws muab cov roj los yog lwm yam khoom siv uas tsim nyog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ncej thiab lub tes tsho. Lubrication tso cai rau cov qauv tig nrog me ntsis tsis kam. Yog tias cov khoom no dhau mus, qhov yuav tsis ua haujlwm vim yog overheating los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Cov chaw ua haujlwm tseem yuav raug rhuav tshem.

Lubricants yuav zoo li txawv. Feem ntau cov no yog cov khoom sib xws nrog cov viscosity siab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob, nws ua kom sov, ua kua dej ntau dua. Qhov no piav qhiazoo tshaj zawv zawg ntawm cov khoom txav.

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv tsim, kev lag luam bearings pib muab cov roj nplua nyeem tshwj xeeb. Nws yog cov khoom siv tawv ntxeem tau. Qhov no yog cov hmoov roj nplua nyeem uas yog ruaj thiab zoo. Nws ua kom lub neej ntev ntev.

Qhov no yog qhov tsim qauv ntawm tus kheej lubricating. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov metallurgy technology. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob, cov roj tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv no. Lawv pib impregnate cov khoom feem. Thaum lub kaw lus tsis ua haujlwm, nws txias. Cov roj yog reabsorbed. Li no, roj poob yog khaws cia kom tsawg. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum khiav lag luam bearings. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ua rau lawv, yog li ntawd, cov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov roj nplua nyeem. Thaum siv cov kab ke no, cov kabmob tau sau tias nws tus kheej lubricating.

Ntau yam qauv

Xav txog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov kabmob dawb, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias lawv txawv ntawm ntau txoj kev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov khoom nthuav tawm yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim. Lawv tuaj yeem yog collapsible thiab tsis-collapsible. Raws li daim teb ntawm daim ntawv thov, bearings tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov loj me, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa.

Ntxiv rau, kev lag luam muaj cov kabmob sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub tsev thiab bushing. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, lub lubricant muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv lub system kuj txawv. Lwm qhov kev faib tawm yogsib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm perceived load. Raws li tus yam ntxwv no, peb lub ntsiab ntawm cov bearings yog txawv:

• Tub ruam. Lawv pom cov axial quab yuam uas tau coj mus rau qhov sib npaug rau lub trunnion axis. Cov qauv zoo li no feem ntau hu ua thrust bearings.
• Radial. Cov qauv no yog tsim los ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv radial load tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib tug perpendicular load ua rau lub trunnion axis.
• Angular contact. Universal hom kev tsim kho. Lawv coj ob qho tib si axial thiab radial loads.

Nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv tau nthuav tawm, lawv cov peev txheej kuj tau txiav txim siab.

Chaw tsim khoom xaiv

Xav txog cov qauv tsim ntawm cov kabmob dawb, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yuav txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim khoom. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Cov peev txheej thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm qhov no.

Hnub no, ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom nthuav tawm yog Tambov Plain Bearing Cog. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov qauv bimetal yog siv ntawm no. Lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov kabmob tiaj tus rau cov cav tsheb laij teb, tsheb, diesel locomotives, sib txuas cov qoob loo, nkoj, nrog rau cov compressors ntawm kev lag luam loj. Kev tsim cov khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws paub zoo.

Cov khoom cog yog siv rau hauv lub cav ntawm cov tsheb zoo li nonyiaj:

• GAS.
• M-412.
• VAZ.
• ZAZ.
• YAMZ.
• ZIL.

Tseem muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov kabmob rau cov tsheb laij teb cav. Crankshaft bushings muaj qhov ntev:

• Dav - 14-102 mm.
• Diameter - 24-135 mm.
• Thickness - 1.5-6.1 mm.

Ua haujlwm koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ntawm ntau lub tsheb thiab cov chaw, Tambov cog yog niaj hnub txhim kho cov qauv tsim. Qhov no tso cai rau peb ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov kabmob dawb los ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab, piv txwv li, Daido Hlau Rus LLC, Zollern Company, thiab lwm yam. Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev sib tw hauv kev ua lag luam ua rau kev txhim kho tas li. tsim, txhawb kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thev naus laus zis hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

pros and cons

Muaj ntau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kabmob dawb. Cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm tus qauv tsim muaj xws li:

• Kev tsim kho yooj yim, yog li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no kuj qis. Rau cov tshuab nqa me me thiab qis qis, cov kabmob yog tsim los ntawm lub tes tsho yooj yim.
• Kev ntseeg siab thaum ua haujlwm. Plain bearings yog siv txawm nyob rau hauv high-speed drives. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov qauv tsim muaj kev ntseeg siab heev, uas tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib feem rau lub sijhawm ntev.
• Muaj peev xwm lees txais thiab tiv taus cov khoom hnyav hnyav. Tus tsim yog tsis ntshai ntawm shocks, vibrations. Qhov no yog vim qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, uas yuav siv lub sijhawm thauj khoom. Lub lubricant txheej muaj cov nyhuv damping. Nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub liner thiab cov ncej, uas tseem txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov khoom.
• Cov bearings ua suab nrov thaum ua haujlwm. Ntawm qhov nrawm, lub kaw lus ua haujlwm yuav luag ntsiag to.
• Radial qhov ntev me me.
• Thaum siv cov qauv sib cais, nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov duab nyuaj, piv txwv li, crankshaft. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau dismantle gears, pulleys thiab lwm yam qhov chaw muab tso rau lwm trunnions.

Tus tsim ntawm cov kabmob dawb kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:

• Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub kaw lus tau saib xyuas tas li. Qhov no yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov roj nplua nyeem hauv kev tsim. Txwv tsis pub, lub kaw lus yuav overheat. Yog tias cov roj nplua nyeem tsis ntws mus rau cov khoom siv txhuam, nws yuav tawg.
• Axial qhov ntev yog qhov loj heev. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los nce qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Nws siv lub nra.
• Thaum lub sijhawm pib, muaj qhov poob ntawm lub zog loj vim muaj kev sib txhuam. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum siv cov khoom tsis zoo lossis cov roj nplua nyeem tsis tsim nyog.
• Tus nqi ua haujlwm yog qhov sib piv siab. Qhov no yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov roj nplua nyeem ntau. Cov chav nyob kuj raug tso tseg rau kev ntxuav thiab txias.tshuab. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv poob qis.
• Lub kaw lus thaum lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov hnav ntawm qhov chaw trunnion. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom thaum siv cov roj nplua nyeem tsis zoo.

Insert material

Sliding bearings txawv ntawm ntau qhov tshwj xeeb. Plain bearing cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua tau raws li ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Lawv yuav tsum:

• Hnav tiv taus thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau kev ntes thaum tsis raug lubricated. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom thaum pib, acceleration thiab deceleration lub sij hawm.
• Ua rau cov pob txha tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau endowed nrog siab qaug zog tiv thaiv.
• Muaj kev sib txhuam qis.
• Muaj cov thermal conductivity.
• Ua tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov qis coefficient ntawm kev nthuav dav nrog nce qhov kub thiab txias.

Lub bushing yog hloov ib feem ntawm cov kabmob tiaj. Nws yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov, zoo. Nws yog cov liners uas hnav tawm hauv qhov tsim kom nrawm tshaj plaws. Lawv coj lub ntsiab load. Yog hais tias lub trunnion hnav tawm, nws hloov thiab kho dua tshiab yuav raug nqi qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau kim dua. Yog li ntawd, cov kev xav tau nce ntxiv tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau nws qhov zoo.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov trunnion, qhov txhim khu kev qha ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, qhov no ntawm cov kabmob feem ntau yog hardened los yog hardened. Inserts tuaj yeem yog xim hlau lossis tsis yog xim hlau. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev cais, hlau-ceramicbushings.

Hlau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tooj liab, babbits, alloys ntawm txhuas, zinc, tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam cam khwb cia hlau. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov kabmob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov haujlwm.

Hlau ntxig

zawv zawg bearings tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam hlau thiab alloys. Plain bearing cov ntaub ntawv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv. Cov hlau hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv rau bushings:

• Bronze. Hom liners no yog siv rau cov khoom hnyav, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ceev. Tin bronze alloys muaj cov nyhuv antifriction siab tshaj plaws hauv pawg no. Yog tias cov hlau no ua ke nrog txhuas lossis txhuas, lub trunnion yuav hnav sai sai. Yog li ntawd, xws li alloys yog mounted tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hardened ntau yam ntawm cov kabmob ntawm ncej. Alloys ntawm bronze thiab txhuas yog siv yog tias poob siab loads ua rau tus qauv.
• Babbit alloy. Nws yog ua los ntawm tin los yog txhuas. Cov khoom siv zoo li no yog siv rau kev tsim cov bushings hauv cov qauv tseem ceeb uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom thauj. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam hlau, raws li nws yog resistant rau seizing, nws sau nyob rau hauv zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv nws cov pob caus. Tab sis nws lub zog yog tsawg. Yog li ntawd, lub babbitt yog poured nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub bushing ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, hlau los yog bronze.
• Cast iron. Cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam yog siv. Lawv haum rau siv nyob rau hauv qis-ceev lub luag hauj lwm mechanisms.

Hlau ceramics

Hloov cov kabmobzawv zawg tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cermet. Cov khoom no yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nias thiab sintering tooj liab thiab hlau nyob rau hauv hmoov daim ntawv. Graphite, txhuas los yog tin yog ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Qhov no yog cov khoom ntxeem tau uas yog pre-saturated nrog melted butter. Qhov no tso cai rau lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ntev ntev yam tsis hloov cov roj nplua nyeem. Ceramic-hlau liners yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuab uas tsis muaj ceev, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws nyuaj rau lubricate.

Non-metal earbuds

Bushes tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau. Rau qhov no, cov yas tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam yog siv. Ntoo-laminated yas thiab roj hmab kuj siv tau rau lub hom phiaj no. Xws li hom liners yog resistant rau seizing, undemanding rau lubricating tebchaw. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo hauv lub pob. Scope ntawm cov bearings no yog tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua tau lubricated nrog dej, qhov no tso cai rau cov kabmob siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thiab lwm yam lag luam.