Bearings: qauv, qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Standard bearing qhov ntau thiab tsawg

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 18:53

Ib lub bearing yog ib chav tshwj xeeb, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau lub ncej thiab yog tsim los tig los yog dov lub tom kawg yam tsis poob lub zog rau kev sib txhuam. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntev ntawm cov kabmob feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm GOST.

Ntau yam

Knots ntawm hom no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Muaj hydrostatic, gas-static, sib nqus thiab lwm pab pawg ntawm bearings. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau hom ntau yam yog zawv zawg thiab dov units. Raws li qhov pom tau, ob pawg no tau muab faib ua:

• radial;
• tawv ncauj;
• angular contact.

Rolling bearings

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov chav tsev no yog cov pob lossis cov chais nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg hauv ib lub tawb tshwj xeeb hu ua tus cais. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob, lawv yob raws cov treadmillsob lub nplhaib, ib qho zoo li qub nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Knots ntawm hom no yog siv feem ntau hauv kev lag luam. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog dawb bearings, lawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo. Cov no suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam thiab tsis siv roj nplua nyeem. Kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa kuj yog qhov txawv ntawm cov bearings. Cov qauv (lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog tswj los ntawm GOST) ntawm cov nodes tau nthuav tawm hauv cov rooj tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, nrhiav ib tug haum bearing nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub los yog lwm yam yuav tsis yooj yim. Lub pob caus ntawm hom no tuaj yeem sib phim rau txhua qhov kev tsim kho.

Kev nkag siab rau kev vibration thiab kev poob siab yog qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo uas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov bearings. Cov qauv hauv lawv qhov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav tsis kav ntev.

Types ntawm dov bearings

Ntxiv rau qhov pom pom, cov kab ntawm hom no tau muab faib ua pawg raws li cov hauv qab no:

• Suab ntawm cov khoom dov. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib txawv yog tsim ntawm pob thiab cov menyuam bearings. Cov ntsiab lus dov ntawm hom tom kawg tuaj yeem yog conical, cylindrical, koob-puab, twisted, chim-puab, thiab lwm yam.
• Raws li lub peev xwm ntawm kev tsim tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib txawv yog ua los ntawm cov kabmob kheej kheej thiab cov kabmob uas tsis yog nws tus kheej.

• Los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov khoom dov. Muaj ib kab thiab ob kab kab bearings.

• Raws li qhov loj me. Tag nrho cov bearings tsim hnub no raws li qhov no featuremuab faib ua ntau yam.

Nyob ntawm cov koob uas muaj tib txoj kab uas hla, qhov dav ntawm cov kabmob thiab nws sab D yuav txawv. Rolling bearings yuav siv tau thaum sib dhos tsheb, tsheb kauj vab, windmills, thiab lwm yam.

Sizes

GOST 3478-79 txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm cov nodes ntawm hom no. Yog tias nws tau ua raws, muaj zog heev thiab ruaj khov bearings tau txais. Cov qauv no siv tau rau txhua hom dov units, tshwj tsis yog cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, cov nodes tuaj yeem ua rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, haum rau ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb.

Koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov kabmob ntawm txhua lub koob, raws li tau hais tseg, los ntawm cov rooj tshwj xeeb uas qhia txog cov txheej txheem sab nraud thiab sab hauv, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txwv qhov ntev (Rmin), nrog rau lub npe dav ntawm sab hauv. thiab sab nraud (B). Raws li ib qho piv txwv, hauv qab no yog ib lub rooj rau ib tug series ntawm bearings nrog diameters 8 (abbreviated).

d	D	Size B rau series							Rmin
		7	1	2	3	4	5	6
0.6	2.5	-	1	-	1.4	-	-	-	0.05
1.5	4.0	-	1.2	1.7	2	-	-	-	0.05
3	7	-	2	2.5	3	-	-	-	0.10
7	14	-	3.5	5	6	-	-	-	0.15
20	32	4	7	8	10	12	16	22	0.3
200	250	16	24	30	37	50	67	90	1 rau ntu 7, 1.5 rau ntu 1-6

Cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxiv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv coj ua hauv Compass, tus kws kho duab kos duab tsim los rau kev siv computer-pab tsim (hauvtsim tsev qiv ntawv). Muaj cov rooj rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv.

chav kawm raug

Txheem qhov ntev ntawm dov bearings tuaj yeem pom hauv cov rooj tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, qee qhov sib txawv hauv qhov ntev los ntawm GOST raug tso cai. Raws li cov chav kawm raug, dov bearings tau muab faib ua:

• normal "0";
• siab precision "6";
• siab "5";
• siab "4";
• siab "2".

Knots tsim rau cov qauv sib txawv tuaj yeem tau txiav txim siab nruj. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov qauv kabmob rau lub tsheb kauj vab (608 hom) yog:

• pob tolerances - 0/-0.005;
• sab hauv - +0.0001/-0.0003;
• outer track - +0.0001/-0.0005.

Notation

Cov qauv ntawm dov bearings yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam hauv lawv qhov chaw tsim khoom. Txhawm rau kom cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem pom tias hom node nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws thiab rau lub hom phiaj twg nws tuaj yeem siv tau, cov cim tshwj xeeb yog siv. Rolling bearings feem ntau yog xaiv los ntawm ib qho engraved cov lej. Qee zaum cov cim cim suav nrog cov ntawv. Tib lub sijhawm:

• thawj tus lej lossis tsab ntawv qhia txog hom kabmob.
• Ob tus lej tom ntej no txhais cov node series. Thawj qhov qhia txog qhov dav lossis qhov siab,qhov thib ob yog txoj kab uas hla.
• Ob tug lej kawg yog lub qhov kab kab chaws. Yog tias koj muab nws los ntawm 5, koj tuaj yeem tau txais tus nqi ntawm d hauv mm.

Standard qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm bearings 66414 (haum rau qhov no yog xaiv raws li GOST 3325-85), piv txwv li, cov no:

• d - 70mm;
• D - 180mm;
• dav - 42 mm;
• nyhav - 5.74 kg.

Plain bearings

Knots ntawm hom no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: lub cev muaj zog thiab ib qho ntxig, ntawm qhov uas muaj cov roj nplua nyeem tshwj xeeb. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm xws li bearings muaj xws li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, me me diameters, raws li zoo raws li muaj peev xwm ua rau lawv sib cais thiab siv lawv rau shafts ntawm ib tug complex tsim. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov nodes ntawm ntau yam no suav hais tias yog lub neej ua haujlwm tsis ntev thiab xav tau siv cov roj nplua nyeem kim.

Type of plain bearings

Tam sim no muaj cov nodes ntawm pawg no:

• siab ceev;
• cais (siv, piv txwv li, hauv crankshafts);
• cov tshuab precision uas qhia cov ncej kom raug thiab tso cai hloov qhov sib txawv;
• pheej yig qis-ceev mechanisms;
• tsim los ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb (dej, ib puag ncig nruj).

Nyob ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm, hom kabmob no tuaj yeem muaj cov kua dej lossis cov kua dej sib txhuam. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaubqhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev thiab ncej yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug tuab tuab txheej ntawm cov roj. Nrog rau kev sib txhuam ib nrab ntawm cov kua dej, ciam teb kev sib txhuam yog ntxiv rau kev sib txhuam ua kua (los ntawm cov roj thinnest ua los ntawm molecular bonds).

Plain bearing dimensions

Qhov ntev ntawm cov nodes ntawm pawg no yog txiav txim los ntawm GOST 2795. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov rooj tshwj xeeb kuj yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account thaum tsim cov bearings. Cov qauv hauv qhov no siv rau cov kev txwv xws li:

• sab nraud thiab sab hauv kab;
• length (l);
• chamfer size (C);
• tolerances (limit deviations).

Cov lus hauv qab no (cov ntawv luv luv) qhia cov qauv dav dav rau cov kab sib txawv.

d	D rau kab		L rau kab
	1	2	1	2	3	4
1	3		1	2
9	14	12	6	10	14
25	32	30	20	25	30	35

Tsim cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom siv

Cov qauv rau cov kabmob tiaj tus yog li nruj me ntsis los ntawm GOST. Qee qhov kev xav tau tseem raug txwv rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau lawv cov khoom siv. Lub tes tsho bearing vaj tse, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tuaj yeem ua ib qho los yog sib cais. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, tshwj xeeb studs lossis bolts yog siv los txuas cov khoom. Lub tes tsho ntawm lub tiaj bearing yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tes tsho. Nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj sib txoos, nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ob halves. Shafts raug deformation feem ntau yog haum nrog tus kheej-aligning tiaj bearings.

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv los ua hom pob:

• cam khwb cia hlau (rau lub cev);
• bronze, cam khwb cia hlau lossis yas (rau bushings).

Qee zaum, tab sis yeej tsis tshua muaj, bushings yog ua los ntawm ntoo los yog chipboard.

Yam yuav tsum tau muaj

Yog li, cov qauv bearings (lossis theej, ua raws li lawv) tso cai rau peb tsim cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws, ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Cov kev cai rau cov nodes ntawm pab pawg no yog raws li nram no:

• Cov khoom siv thiab tsim ntawm cov kabmob tiaj tus yuav tsum yog xws li txhawm rau muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm vaj tse thiab bushing.
• Lub zog thiab qhov tawv ntawm lub pob caus yuav tsum yog qhov uas nws tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom tsim nyog.
• Zoo siab txais tos rau qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov kabmob tsim. Thaum nwsinstallation yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem.
• Bearings yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas lawv nto muaj txaus cheeb tsam kom tshem tawm cov tshav kub generated thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm.

Yuav ua li cas

zawv zawg thiab dov bearings yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tshwj xeeb, uas feem ntau suav nrog ob lub rooj cob qhia tseem ceeb: thermal thiab mechanical. Cov kab sib dhos ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv hom tsis siv neeg. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov tshuab txau niaj hnub kuj tau teeb tsa hauv kev cob qhia.

Nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws yog cov khoom tsim tawm hauv tsev, nrog rau hauv Switzerland (SKF). SKF bearing qauv yog tib yam li Lavxias teb sab bearings.