Flux rau vuam: lub hom phiaj, hom vuam, flux muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov cai ntawm kev siv, GOST cov cai, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam yog txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm tus tswv los npaj lub arc kom raug, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev los tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau uas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov yog cov huab cua puag ncig ntuj. Seam cais tawm ntawm cov pa oxygen muab flux rau vuam, tab sis tsis tsuas yog qhov no yog nws txoj haujlwm. Kev teeb tsa sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv no nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv roj ib puag ncig tso cai rau koj los tswj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov seam sib koom ua ke sib txawv.

Flux assignment

Cov vuam siv tau ntawm hom no raug xa mus rau thaj chaw combustion thiab, nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov yaj, muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab hloov kho ntawm thaj chaw tsim vuam. Tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• Tsim cov slag thiab roj rwb thaiv tsev rau lub pas dej ua ke.
• Muab qhov sib koom ua ketej yam txuj ci thiab lub cev muaj zog.
• Kev ruaj ntseg arc.
• Hloov cov hlau electrode (los yog hlau yaj) mus rau qhov chaw vuam.
• Tshem tawm cov tsis xav tau impurities hauv txheej slag.

Yog tias peb tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov fluxes sib txawv rau vuam nrog cov hlau, ces cov hom khoom siv feem ntau muaj cov hom phiaj hauv qab no:

• FC-9 - qis alloy steel carbon alloys.
• AN-18 - siab alloy steel alloys.
• AN-47 - qis-thiab nruab nrab-alloy steels, tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab.
• AN-60 - cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau siv hauv cov kav dej.
• ФЦ-7 - siv thaum vuam me me ntawm qhov siab tam sim no.
• FC-17 - kub-kub lub ntsej muag-centered hlau.
• FC-19 - alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus siab chromium.
• ФЦ-22 - yog siv los ua ib lub seam sib koom ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau alloyed.
• 48-OF-6 - yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau alloy high-alloy electrode.

Flux compositions

Cov flux nws tus kheej, raws li txoj cai, yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov granular nrog ib feem ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 0.2-4 hli. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem sib txawv heev thiab tsis yog ib txwm zoo ib yam. Hauv qhov no, cov nram qab no hom flux rau vuam yog txawv:

• Oxide. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog hlau oxides thiab txog 10%suav rau qhov feem ntawm cov khoom fluoride. Cov flux no yog siv los ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab fluorine hlau alloys. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus, oxide flux compositions muab faib ua silicon-dawb, tsawg-silicon thiab high-silicon.
• ntsev oxide. Cov hmoov zoo li no kuj hu ua sib xyaw, vim tias cov filling tuaj yeem sib npaug los ntawm oxides thiab ntsev sib xyaw. Cov flux no yog siv los ua cov hlau alloy.
• Saline. Lub xub ntiag ntawm oxides tsis suav nrog tag nrho, thiab fluorides thiab chlorides tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub hom phiaj ntawm ntsev flux yog electroslag remelting thiab vuam ntawm cov hlau nquag.

Flux technology

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, lub hauv paus flux (batch) tau dhau los ua ntau yam txheej txheem, suav nrog smelting, granulation, molding thiab tswj kom zoo. Cov khoom siv raw ntawm tus nqi ua ntej cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog segmented rau hauv me me, nruab nrab thiab loj. Txhua batch tau txais kev ntxuav kom huv thiab ziab, vim tias qhov purity thiab raug nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej flux yog tswj los ntawm qhov pib. Tom qab ntawd qhov hnyav, noj thiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav. Smelting thiab granulation ntawm flux rau vuam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej - gas-flames los yog hluav taws xob arc rauv, pas dej ua ke rau pouring dej txias thiab hlau pallets yog siv. Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua, ziab nrog sifting yog ua. Flux uas tau dhau los soj ntsuam yog ntim rau hauv hnab tshwj xeeb lossis lub thawv nrog cov khoom refractory.

GOST cov cai rau flux

Cov kev cai tswj hwm muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev soj ntsuam zoo, nrog rau kev tswj hwm txoj cai kev nyab xeeb rau kev tuav cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev sim nws. Raws li cov kev txwv tseem ceeb, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv:

• Tsis suav nrog flux hmoov nplej loj dua 1.6mm. Qhov feem pua ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 3% ntawm tag nrho pawg.
• Nws raug tso cai tsim cov flux nrog ib feem ntawm txog 0.25 hli, yog tias tus mob no tau pom zoo thawj zaug nrog tus neeg siv khoom.
• Tsis tas li, los ntawm kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg siv khoom, nws tso cai rau tsim cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom seem ntawm 0.35 txog 2.8 hli, tab sis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qib AN-348-A.
• Cov ntsiab lus noo noo ntawm fluxes, nyob ntawm hom, yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj qhov coefficient ntawm 0.05 txog 0.1%.

Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev tiv thaiv tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm GOST txoj cai. Submerged arc vuam yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Cais, qhov concentration ntawm cov hmoov flux siv, uas los ntawm lub neej ntawd yog suav tias yog tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kev tsim khoom, yuav tsum tau tswj.

Fused thiab tsis-fused flux

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm fused hmoov yog tsim los ntawm slag-forming Cheebtsam. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv, suav nrog quartz xuab zeb, manganese ore thiab chalk. Los ntawm sib tov lawv nyob rau hauv tej proportions, ua raws li los ntawm melting nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg, nws yog ua tautau ib qho kev hloov kho rau lub seam nrog qee yam txheej txheem. Kev ua haujlwm ntau dua yog submerged arc vuam tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev unmelted. Qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv granular thiab hmoov, uas, ntxiv rau cov slag-forming puag, kuj suav nrog cov ntsiab lus alloying thiab deoxidizers. Qhov tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm melting ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom paub cov plua plav hlau thiab ferroalloys rau hauv cov flux, uas yuav txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm los txhim kho cov pob qij txha.

Types submerged arc welding

Nrog rau kev siv cov flux, ob qho tib si phau ntawv thiab tsis siv neeg vuam tuaj yeem ua tau - qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yuav nyob ntawm cov khoom xaiv. Arc vuam yog ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej-kho hom los yog kev txhawb los ntawm tsis siv neeg voltage tswj. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv inverter installation, supplemented los ntawm hlau pub nruas. Vuam nrog flux tsis muaj roj kuj tseem muaj, uas los ntawm lub neej ntawd ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm oxygen thiab nitrogen. Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem zoo uas tsis suav nrog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo? Ua ntej, yog xaiv cov flux tsim nyog, nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau tag nrho cov npe ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev pabcuam hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov seam tsim. Qhov thib ob, qhov tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab gaseous pab txhawb lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas yuav npaj lub tog raj kheej nrog argon-carbon dioxide sib tov, thiab tseem tiv thaiv qhov chaw vuam los ntawm kev raug thermal ntau thaum siv lub teeb.

Flux technique

Tom qab ignition ntawm arc, tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum tuav nwsnruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub electrode thiab lub workpiece nyob rau hauv lub flux txheej. Cov hmoov yog nchuav rau hauv ib txheej ntawm 55-60 mm, tom qab ntawd lub arc yuav tsum tau cia nyob rau hauv qhov loj kom txog thaum nws melts. Nrog rau qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav flux, nws lub siab zoo li qub ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem yog li 8-9 g / cm2. Tus nqi no yog txaus los tshem tawm cov tsis xav tau txhua yam cuam tshuam rau ntawm lub pas dej ua ke. Thaum siv cov hlau rau vuam nrog flux, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus melt spatter. Cov xwm txheej no tau ntsib los ntawm kev ua kom ruaj khov ntawm thaj chaw yaj nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov flux, nrog rau kev tswj xyuas lub zog tam sim no. Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov roj sab kuj tsis tas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tab sis kev tswj fais fab yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Raws li txoj cai, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau thiab cov flux yog siv thaum vuam ntawm qhov ceev tam sim no, yog li ntawd, lub tshuab yuav tsum raug xaiv los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm kev taw qhia cov xov electrode.

Pros of using flux

Kev siv cov flux yeej cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov seam hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hauv cov huab cua qhib tau tsawg. Cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb suav nrog txo qhov tsis xws luag hauv cheeb tsam sib koom ua ke, txo qis ntawm spatter thiab ntau dua arc tswj nrog tag nrho nws lub peev xwm tswj tau. Dab tsi tseem ceeb heev, submerged arc vuam cheeb tsam yog ib txwm pom rau tus neeg teb xov tooj. Qhov no tso cai rau, yog tias tsim nyog, txhawm rau hloov kho raws sijhawm rau cov txheej txheem, thiab qee zaum txawm tias tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeebMask.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv flux

Tsis muaj zog ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav tau ntau dua rau cov khoom siv, vim tias yuav tsum muaj lub zog ntau dua los ua kom cov dej ntws zoo. Niaj hnub no, kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv rau argon arc vuam nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig flux yog tsim, uas muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau nws qhov kev npaj thiab muab khoom. Nws yog qhov xav tau tias cov qauv zoo li no raug nqi 15-20% ntau dua. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv thaj tsam yaj. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tswj tau hauv qee qhov kev txwv, nws muaj teeb meem rau kev ua cov khoom me me hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

Zaj lus

Flux raws li cov khoom siv uas txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam zoo, pab txhawb ntau yam kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov spectrum no. Tab sis txawm nyob hauv tsev, nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb los yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kho cov hauj lwm. Thaum xaiv cov khoom no rau koj tus kheej cov kev xav tau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob suav qhov kev ntsuas qhov zoo. Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm tib GOST, flux rau vuam yuav tsum muab nkag rau hauv kev lag luam hauv cov hnab ntawv tuab los ntawm 20 mus rau 50 kg, qhia cov cim kev thauj mus los. Los ntawm kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb, ntim me me kuj tuaj yeem ua tau, tab sis cov thawv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab rau qhov no. Ntxiv mus, qhov hnyav yuav tsum tau ua nrog qhov yuam kev siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1% txheeb ze rau tag nrho cov hnyav hnyav.