Drilling yog hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. drilling tshuab. Cov cuab yeej drilling

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Drilling yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev txiav. Txoj kev no siv cov cuab yeej txiav tshwj xeeb - xyaum xyaum. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub qhov sib txawv diameters, nrog rau qhov tob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov qhov polyhedral nrog ntau seem.

Kev ua haujlwm

Drilling yog qhov tsim nyog ua haujlwm yog tias koj xav tau lub qhov ntawm cov khoom hlau. Feem ntau, muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau drilling:

• yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub qhov rau tapping, countersinking, reaming los yog tho txawv;
• tsim nyog tso cov hlua hluav taws xob, cov hlua khi rau hauv lub qhov, hla cov hlua khi los ntawm lawv, thiab lwm yam.;
• kev sib cais;
• tsis muaj zog tawg cov qauv;
• nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov, nws tuaj yeem siv los cog cov khoom tawg, xws li thaum mining ntuj pob zeb.

Daim ntawv teev npe no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus ntev, tab sis peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias qhov haujlwm drilling yogib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tib lub sijhawm tsim nyog thiab ntau yam.

Ib txwm, txhawm rau ua tiav cov txheej txheem drilling, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev xyaum ua haujlwm. Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv no, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov yuav hloov pauv, nrog rau tus naj npawb ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Lawv tuaj yeem yog puag ncig, lossis lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam - daim duab peb sab, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov drilling yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas lub laum yuav ua kom sov txog qhov kub thiab txias. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv qhov zoo ntawm lub caij no, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv los ua haujlwm nrog.

• Ib yam khoom siv ncaj ncees rau kev tsim cov khoom siv drilling yog carbon hlau. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm pab pawg no raug cim raws li hauv qab no: U8, U9, U10, thiab lwm yam. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv no yog drilling qhov hauv ntoo, yas, mos hlau.
• Tom ntej no yog cov xyaum ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau. Lawv yog npaj rau drilling tib cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov pa roj carbon, tab sis lawv qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub hom ntawm cov khoom no muaj ib tug muaj zog tiv thaiv tus nqi txog li 250 degrees Celsius, raws li zoo raws li ib tug nce drilling ceev.

Kev xyaum ua kom zoo dua

Muaj ntau ntau hom kev xyaum uas tsim los rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua:

• thawj hom xyaum yog tsim los ntawm kev kub ceev steel. Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv no ntau dua- 650 degrees Celsius, thiab lawv yog tsim los rau drilling tej yam ntxwv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug non-hardened lub xeev.
• Pab pawg tom ntej yog kev xyaum carbide. Lawv yog siv los ua qhov nyob rau hauv tej yam uas tsis yog-hardened steels, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv non-ferrous hlau. Ib tug feature yog hais tias drilling ntawm high speeds yog siv. Rau tib lub laj thawj, kev tiv thaiv tshav kub tau nce mus rau 950 degrees Celsius.
• Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog Borazon xyaum. Siv rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog cam khwb cia hlau, steels, iav, ceramics, non-ferrous hlau.
• Pab pawg kawg yog pob zeb diamond xyaum. Siv rau drilling cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tshaj plaws, iav, ceramics.

Hom tshuab drilling

Cov hauv qab no cov tshuab drilling tuaj yeem siv los ua haujlwm drilling:

• Vertical thiab kab rov tav drilling cov cuab yeej. Drilling qhov rau cov tshuab no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
• Ntau thiab kab rov tav tho txawv hom tshuab yog siv. Drilling yog suav tias yog kev ua haujlwm ntxiv rau cov khoom siv no.
• Ntau, kab rov tav thiab universal milling tshuab. Rau cov chav nyob no, qhov drilling tseem yog ib qho haujlwm thib ob.
• tshuab dhos thiab tshuab dhos. Ntawm thawj hom khoom siv, lub laum yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab lub workpiece nws tus kheej tig. Rau hom thib ob ntawm cov cuab yeej, drilling tsis yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab kev xyaum ua haujlwm yog qhov ruaj khov, zoo li thawj zaug.cas.

Cov no yog txhua yam ntawm cov tshuab drilling uas tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua qhov haujlwm xav tau.

Cov cuab yeej tes thiab cov haujlwm pabcuam

txhawm rau pab txhawb cov txheej txheem drilling, siv ntau yam kev pabcuam. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Coj. Thaum drilling, ntau yam ntawm cov kua txiav yog siv. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, dej, emulsions, oleic acid. Gaseous tshuaj xws li carbon dioxide kuj siv tau.
• Ultrasound. Lub ultrasonic vibrations ua los ntawm lub laum yog siv los ua kom cov khoom tsim tau ntawm cov txheej txheem nrog rau kev txhim kho nti tawg.
• Nyob. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov drilling ntawm cov hlau uas muaj qhov ntom ntom, nws yog preheated.
• Strike. Qee qhov chaw, xws li pob zeb, yuav tsum tau siv cov kev cuam tshuam cov lus tsa suab los ua kom cov khoom tsim tau.

Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm cov tshuab hauv hom tsis siv neeg, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv phau ntawv. Kev tuav drilling suav nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej xws li:

• Mechanical laum. Drilling siv tib neeg lub zog txhua yam.
• xov tooj cua. Nws tuaj yeem nqa cov pa thiab poob siab-rotary drilling. Tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob.

Kev kho mob thiab txias

Muaj ntau hom kev drilling - cov no yogua cylindrical qhov, polyhedral los yog oval, nrog rau drilling qhov uas twb muaj lawm cylindrical kom lawv txoj kab uas hla.

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau drilling yog qhov muaj zog cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv, uas yog, xyaum, nrog rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 degrees Celsius lossis ntau dua. Yog tias nws ncav cuag qee qhov tseem ceeb, ces combustion lossis melting yuav tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias ntau ntawm cov hlau uas siv los ua cov thom khwm poob lawv cov tawv tawv thaum rhuab, uas tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev sib txhuam, yog li lub caij yuav, hmoov tsis, hnav sai dua.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis txaus no, ntau yam khoom siv txias tau siv. Feem ntau, nrog ntsug drilling ntawm lub tshuab, nws muaj peev xwm los npaj cov khoom ntawm coolant ncaj qha mus rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm. Yog tias nws tau ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej siv tes, tom qab lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm nws yog qhov tsim nyog los cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem thiab dip lub laum rau hauv cov kua.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm drilling

Qhov tshuab drilling yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov grooves los ntawm kev tshem cov chips hauv cov khoom siv nrog cov cuab yeej txiav. Cov khoom no ua rau kev sib hloov thiab kev txhais lus lossis kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tib lub sijhawm, uas ua rau lub qhov.

Kev siv cov khoom siv no yog siv rau:

• tau txais qhov tsis tseem ceeb nrog cov qib qis ntawm qhov raug thiab qib roughness siv rau mounting bolts, rivets, thiab lwm yam.;
• tau qhov tapping, reaming, thiab lwm yam.

kev xaiv ua tiav

Siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus drilling lossis reaming, qhov tuaj yeem tau txais uas yuav yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm 10 lossis 11th degree ntawm qhov roughness. Yog tias tsim nyog kom tau txais lub qhov zoo dua, tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem ua tiav, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau countersink thiab ream nws.

txhawm rau ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qee zaum, koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo hloov kho txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab, kom cov khoom siv tau zoo. Ib txoj hauv kev kuj tseem siv tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas ua rau kom raug. Cov cuab yeej no hu ua tus neeg xyuas pib. Kuj tseem muaj kev faib cov xyaum xyaum ua ntau yam. Muaj cov tshuab raj ncaj twist, cov khoom siv rau kev sib sib zog nqus lossis cov tub ntxhais drilling, thiab qhov chaw xyaum ua haujlwm.

Description of xyaum xyaum

Feem ntau, ib qho kev xyaum sib tw yog siv los ua haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb yog siv tsawg zaus.

Cov khoom siv kauv yog ob qhov hniav txiav, uas suav nrog tsuas yog ob qhov tseem ceeb - lub shank thiab ib feem ua haujlwm.

Yog tias peb tham txog qhov ua haujlwm, ces nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cylindrical thiab calibrating. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib feem ntawm lub laum, muaj ob helical grooves opposite ib leeg. MainLub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no yog tshem tawm cov chips uas tau tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias cov flutes muaj qhov profile kom raug, uas ua kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kev txiav cov npoo ntawm qhov xyaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw tsim nyog tau tsim, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm cov chips ntawm lub qhov.

Drilling technology

Ntawm no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub ob peb txoj cai tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov duab ntawm lub flutes, nrog rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub axis ntawm lub laum thiab lub tangent rau txoj siv, yuav tsum tau xws li kom yooj yim nti khiav tawm tsis muaj zog seem ntawm cov hniav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia ntawm no tias cov cuab yeej siv no, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus lej, yuav hloov tau zoo nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov xyaum. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov nce ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ua rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov xyaum. Qhov tsis zoo no yog qhia ntau dua, qhov me me ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub caij. Vim li no, koj yuav tsum kho lub kaum sab xis rau lub laum. Qhov kev xyaum me me, lub kaum sab xis me dua, thiab vice versa. Tag nrho lub kaum sab xis ntawm grooves yog los ntawm 18 mus rau 45 degrees. Thaum nws los txog rau drilling steel, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov xyaum ua haujlwm nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 18 txog 30 degrees. Yog tias lub qhov yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tawv tawv xws li tooj dag lossis tooj liab, ces lub kaum sab xis raug txo kom 22-25 degrees.

Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm

Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau pib nrog qhov tseeb tias nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej, qhov txiav ceev kuj tseem yuav hloov. Piv txwv li:

• Yog tias qhov drilling tau ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej steel, ces qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ceev yog 25 m / min, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 35m/min.
• Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tiav nrog HSS xyaum, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog 12 m / min thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 18 m / min.
• Yog siv cov laum carbide, tus nqi yog 50 m / min thiab 70 m / min.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias kev siv tshuab drilling muaj kev xaiv ntawm kev ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub caij nws tus kheej thiab qis pub (nrog rau txoj kab uas hla, qhov ceev kuj nce).

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev siv lub kaum sab xis ntawm sab saum toj rau kev xyaum, uas yog 118 degrees. Yog tias nws tsim nyog los ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv raw uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau alloy siab, ces lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 135 degrees.

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev xyaum

Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv hom machining no yog los khaws cov khoom txiav ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kev txwv no ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb hom kev ua haujlwm twg raug xaiv thiab seb nws puas haum rau cov khoom siv no. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm kev xyaum hauv ib qho dhau los, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txo qis noj thaum lub sij hawm xyaum yog tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau kev siv tshuab drilling yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lub qhov tob tshaj qhov ntev ntawm qhov helical zawj ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum lub sij hawm nkag ntawm lub laum, chips tseem yuav tsim, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm tawm nws yuav tsis muaj lawm. Vim li no, kev xyaum ua txhaum ntau zaus. Yog tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov xyaum ua ntu zus thiab ntxuav nws ntawm cov khoom tsis tsim nyog, uas yogshavings.

drilling khoom

Yuav ua kom lub qhov nyob rau hauv ib co txheej, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov yas. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv kom raug, raws li qee qhov kev txwv. Tam sim no, peb hom khoom tseem ceeb yog siv los tsim cov yas - qhov no yog pob zeb diamond, yeej thiab tungsten carbide. Ib tug feature ntawm lub pob zeb diamond crown yog hais tias nws ua shockless drilling. Hauv qhov no, tau txais qhov tseeb dua qhov geometry.

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb diamond nozzles yog cov hauv qab no: lub peev xwm los txiav cov khoom siv dag zog, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov thiab plua plav, tsis muaj cov qauv kev puas tsuaj, vim tias cov thev naus laus zis tsis siv qhov cuam tshuam.