Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant: khoom, duab, hu
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant: khoom, duab, hu

Video: Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant: khoom, duab, hu

Video: Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant: khoom, duab, hu
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Lub hnub yug maus taus yog Lub Yim Hli 29th. Hnub no xyoo 1885, tus kws tshaj lij German thiab tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev tshaj lij, Gottlieb Daimer, tau sim lub tshuab roj av ntawm nws tus kheej tsim. Cov qauv tsim uas cov qauv qauv tau teeb tsa yog ob lub log thiab txav nrawm. Qhov no yog li cas lub maus taus tau tsim.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub sijhawm ntawm maus taus pib tom qab. Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant yog tus thawj coj hauv nws txoj kev lag luam. Legendary maus taus qauv tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv txhua lub nroog thiab lub zos hauv lub tebchaws niaj hnub no. Cov qauv loj, muaj peev xwm kho tau "ntawm lub hauv caug" nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nres tsheb, kev ua haujlwm siab, tus nqi qis - cov kiv cua ntawm IZH maus taus tuaj yeem nostalgically sau qhov zoo thiab nrhiav cov laj thawj tshiab los txhawb kev tsim khoom.

thawj sim

Kev sim tsim lawv tus kheej maus taus hauv tebchaws Russia tau pib txawm tias ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, xyoo 1913-14. Nws tau npaj los sib sau ua qauv teeb los ntawm Swiss qhov chaw ntawm Dux cog (Moscow). Cov phiaj xwm raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, thiabTom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917. Qhov kev sim tom ntej, ua tiav ntau dua, tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1924 los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom tsim los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm P. N. Lvov. Cov kws tsim qauv tsim thiab tsim lub teeb maus taus qauv hauv xyoo 1925, lawv hu ua Soyuz.

Nws muaj kev vam meej, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, tsim qauv, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog lub cav 500cc thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua ntawm lub log tsheb. Kev tsim khoom loj tsis ua raws li, tus qauv dhau los ntawm qee qhov kev sim thiab qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm qhov teeb meem, txij li qhov profile ntawm Dux cog tau hloov pauv. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim thiab tsim cov maus taus ntawm domestic hom nyob rau hauv 1928. Izhstalzavod tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub peev xwm. Tus thawj maus taus tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim maus taus lub tsev bureau, tus thawj engineer thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub legendary designer Pyotr Mozharov.

Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant

Pib saum tsib

P. Mozharov nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog maus taus thiab taug kev ncig nws haiv neeg Izhevsk ntawm German qauv ntawm maus taus. Nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv, lub rooj cob qhia tau qhib ntawm Izhstalzavod, thiab tsuas yog ib xyoos 5 sim IZH maus taus tau tsim. Tag nrho lawv dhau qhov kev xeem thiab tau npaj rau kev khiav ntawm All-Union tseem ceeb. Thawj thawj Soviet maus taus IZH-1 pom lub ntiaj teb no thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 17 xyoo 1929, hnyav 300 kilograms. Qauv ntau yam thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm thawj maus taus:

  • IZH-1 thiab IZH-2. Lawv raug tsim los hla txoj kev nyuaj ntawm lub teb chaws. Nruab nrog lub cav nyob rau hauv-kab nrog ob lub tog raj kheej, steel ncej ntawm kev ntseeg tau nce ntxiv, phau ntawv kis tau tus mobspeeds, ib tug sab nraud ib-nqaj ncej yog tsim los ntawm nias qhov chaw, kaj lub teeb thiab lwm yam kev nrhav yog ib tug loj ntxiv. Qauv IZH-2 yog ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab IZH-1. Tab sis thaum kawg, thawj lub maus taus muaj lwm qhov zoo dua, tseem ceeb rau lub teb chaws uas muaj kev thauj tus kheej muaj teeb meem. Plaub tus neeg caij tsheb tuaj yeem caij nkoj ntawm IZH-1, ob leeg ntawm lub maus taus thiab ob tug hauv lub rooj zaum muaj log.
  • IZH-3. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov qauv no yog Wanderer hom cav, nyob rau hauv uas lub crankshaft nyob transversely. Lub log tsav tsheb tom qab (txoj saw) tau muab tso rau hauv lub thawv kaw uas muaj roj.
  • IZH-4. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug ob-stroke engine nrog ib lub tog raj kheej ntawm lub "Tswj" hom, lub rear log yog tsav los ntawm ib tug ncej. Cov qauv no yog qhov lightest nyob rau saum tsib.
  • IZH-5, lossis "Composition". Tus tsim siv Neander hom maus taus units, pem hauv ntej diav rawg tau tsim ntxiv, tus qauv qauv raug hloov.
Izhevsk maus taus Hoobkas
Izhevsk maus taus Hoobkas

Tests on the track

Kev nthuav qhia ntawm maus taus tau tshwm sim ntawm All-Union maus taus kev sib tw xyoo 1929. Qhov kev sib tw tau tuav lub sijhawm thib ob hauv nws keeb kwm. Motorcycles IZH tau ua tiav txoj kev khiav ntawm 3300 mais, thiab tseem tuaj yeem taug kev los ntawm Izhevsk mus rau Moscow. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw, tus qauv IZH-4 tau pom zoo rau ntau lawm. Tab sis, Izhstalzavod, vim lub workload, yuav tsis pib serial ntau lawm. Mozharov, ua ke nrog ib pab pawg neeg tsim, tsiv mus rau Leningrad, qhov chaw ua hauj lwm pib ntawm kev tsim lub teeb maus taus ntawm lub L-300 hom.

Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant khoom
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant khoom

Pre-war serial production

Txog xyoo 1930, tsis muaj kev tsim ntau ntawm cov maus taus hauv USSR, tab sis cov lus nug ntawm kev tsim ib lub lag luam raug txiav txim siab. Rau kev tsim cov maus taus, tsis yog tsuas yog cov khw sib dhos yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis yog lub Hoobkas uas txhua qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej tsim, uas muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm los daws cov haujlwm ntawm txhua qib. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm Izhevsk, qhov twg lub tuam txhab phom Berezin nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev lag luam tshiab. Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant yog Ameslikas hu ua Experimental Motorcycle Plant.

Keeb kwm npaj rau kev tso tawm "NATI - A-750" (hloov hloov kho). Nws cov yam ntxwv suav nrog lub cav V-shaped nrog ob lub tog raj kheej, lub cav muaj peev xwm ntawm 747 cubic meters, thiab kwv yees lub zog ntawm 15 hp. Thawj plaub tus qauv ntawm tus qauv no tau ua rau lub Tsib Hlis 1933. Ua ke nrog cov qauv maus taus hnyav, ntau lub teeb qauv ntawm IZH-7 tau ua. Yog li ntawd, lub maus taus ntawm lub teeb qauv tau txais mus rau serial ntau lawm, tab sis nrog rau cov kev hloov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam rau "txo kev siv zog". Qhov kawg version ntawm tus qauv IZH-7 poob lub cev, cov ntaub thaiv npog, lub throttle tau hloov nrog lub rotary cuff, thiab lwm yam yooj yim tau ua.

Xyoo 1933, Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant tsim 111 lub tsheb. Cov pace ntawm ntau lawm tau nce, tib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom tsim tau mus, qhov twg cov qauv tshiab tau tsim thiab cov uas twb muaj lawm tau hloov kho tshiab. Nyob rau hauv 1938, zus tau tej cov IZH-8 maus taus nrog ib tug 300 cubic meters engine pib. Khoom siv zognce mus txog 8 horsepower.

Xyoo 1940, Izhevsk maus taus cog pib tsim cov qauv IZH-9. Lub zog ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab twb 9 horsepower. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm tus qauv IZH-12, uas yog raws li L-8 qauv tsim ntawm Leningrad Design Bureau. Nws tau npaj yuav pib tsim khoom loj hauv xyoo 1941, tab sis kev tsov rog tau tshwm sim.

Post-war breakthrough

Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant tau tsom mus rau kev tsim cov phom tshuab thiab riam phom me. Kev txhawb siab ntawm kev tsim kho tsheb maus taus pib yuav luag tam sim tom qab Kev yeej, xyoo 1946. Raws li txoj cai lij choj hais txog kev them nyiaj rov qab, kos duab thiab khoom siv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom German tau xa los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees mus rau Izhevsk, uas tau muab lub zog rau kev loj hlob. Lub chaw tsim khoom tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, thiab kev npaj pib rau kev tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm IZH-350 maus taus, tus qauv tsim raws li German qauv DKW-350.

Tus qauv ntawm German kev lag luam tau yoog raws li Soviet cov cai thiab lub peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam muaj feem xyuam. Lub rooj sib txoos ntawm IZH maus taus pib ntawm lub Hoobkas riam phom. Txij thaum ntawd los, Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant tau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov maus taus hauv Soviet Union.

yos hav zoov phom uas tsim los ntawm Izhevsk maus taus cog
yos hav zoov phom uas tsim los ntawm Izhevsk maus taus cog

Nqis thiab zoo

Txog thaum kawg ntawm 60s, cov khoom ntim tau nce ntxiv, qhov tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim cov qauv kev ua kis las ntawm cov khoom siv, lub suab nrov tau teeb tsa los ntawm Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant. Cov khoom tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos tauxav tau ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1946, thawj tom qab tsov rog maus taus qauv yog modernized nyob rau hauv lub enterprise. Cov qauv niaj hnub tau poob qhov qub qub parallelogram diav rawg, es tsis txhob ntawm nws lub ntsej muag telescopic tau tsim. Lub cav fais fab tau nce mus rau 14 horsepower, ncua kev kawm tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Nws txoj kev tsim kho tshiab tau muab nws lub caij softer thiab cushioned caij.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsib caug, plaub tus qauv tshiab ntawm maus taus nkag mus rau ntau lawm. Thawj zaug hauv koob yog IZH-49 maus taus. Tus qauv tau nruab nrog ib lub tog raj kheej lub cav nrog lub tshuab ua kom txias thiab muab ob npaug rau tshem tawm, hloov kho lub log tsheb ncua kev kawm, thiab telescopic diav rawg. Lub thawv iav muaj peb txoj haujlwm. Lub maus taus yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev kov yeej txoj kev tawm hauv lub tebchaws. IZH-50, 54 thiab 55 kuj tau tsim, lub zog maus taus tau nce mus rau 18-19 horsepower.

Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant duab
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant duab

Txij li xyoo 1966, cov nroj tsuag maus taus hauv Izhevsk pib tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm txoj kev maus taus. Ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv tshiab, cov tsheb muaj cov npe tshiab uas tam sim no dhau los ua lus dab neeg: IZH Planeta thiab IZH Jupiter. Lub IZH Planet maus taus tau tsim los ntawm tus qauv IZH-56. Rau tsev neeg tshiab ntawm maus taus, lub tank roj tau kho dua tshiab, tsim lub eeb, daim thaiv (pem hauv ntej, nram qab), muffler tau hloov.

"IZH-Jupiter" kuj tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm maus taus IZH-56. Rau cov koob tshiab, lub hauv paus tshiab lub cav tau tsim nrog ob lub tog raj kheej, ob-stroke nrog ob lub dav hlau tshem tawm.cua txias. Kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav tau npaj rau hauv lub carburetor, ignited los ntawm hluav taws xob lub tog raj kheej. Ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab kuj tau ua.

Los ntawm 1971 txog 1975, maus taus ntawm txoj kev qauv IZH Planeta-3, IZH Jupiter-3, IZH Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Si, IZH Jupiter-3K tawm ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm lub tuam txhab. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov cuab yeej tsim khoom tau nyob rau theem siab thiab lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw tsim khoom tsim, ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv tshiab, kev txhim kho cov tsoos "izhi" tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm, kev paub thiab peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj cuam tshuam. Qee cov qauv ntawm maus taus tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo Mark, uas ua rau Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant txaus siab. Cov khoom seem rau txhua tus qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem yuav txhua qhov chaw thoob plaws tebchaws.

Lub maus taus "IZH Jupiter" muaj tsib tus qauv nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo, lub maus taus "IZH Jupiter - 5" tau txais kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws, muaj 22 lub npe. Tus qauv IZH Planet muaj tsib qhov sib txawv, tus qauv nrov tshaj plaws yog IZH Planet Sport maus taus.

Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant hu rau
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant hu rau

Ua ntej 2000s

Thaum pib ntawm lub 80s, ib qho kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nws kwv yees muaj peev xwm tsim tau yog 450,000 maus taus ib xyoos. Xyoo 1981-82. Cov nroj tsuag tsim cov tsheb ntawm cov qauv "IZH Jupiter - 4" thiab "IZH Planet -4". Nyob rau hauv 1985, lub IZH Jupiter - 5 qauv twb launched nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, thiab nyob rau hauv 1987 lub IZH ntiaj chaw - 5 maus taus raug tso tawm. Rau tus qauv no yogKev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov tsos thiab lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 22 litres tau tsim. Nrog. Tsis ntev, qhov niaj hnub saib twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsim IZH maus taus.

Txog thaum pib ntawm 90s, lub chaw tsim khoom tsim qauv tshiab ntawm maus taus, kev txhim kho yog raws li Japanese XT-550 engine. Cov cuab yeej muaj npe hu ua "Orion", "Marathon", "Sprinter", cov qauv tau txawv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tsim qauv zoo nkauj thiab tau cog lus zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm.

Los ntawm 1992 txog 1996, Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb - cov khoom thauj khoom thauj khoom IZH 9.604 GR thiab sab trailer IZH 9.204. Ntxiv modules tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev raws li yuav tsum tau ntsia rau ib tug qauv ntawm Jupiter thiab Planet maus taus. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom thauj khoom, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem lub log tsheb tom qab ntawm lub maus taus thiab txuas ib qho chaw ntxiv, yog li, tau txais peb lub log tsheb thauj khoom.

Rau peb xyoos (1995-1998) lub Hoobkas tsim cov motors tshiab thiab lub twj tso kua mis centrifugal tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv 1997, ib tug maus taus tau tsim rau thauj cov khoom tua hluav taws IZH 6.92001, nrog rau cov qauv thauj khoom IZH 6.920 GR. Los ntawm 2000, lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab chopper-style maus taus (Izh 6.113-05), lub npe ua hauj lwm yog Junker.

LLC Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant Izhevsk
LLC Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant Izhevsk

Hloov

Thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj, Izhevsk Tsav cog, ntxiv rau kev tsim cov maus taus, tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tub rog thiab kom txog rau thaum 1988 lub tuam txhab muaj lub thwj cim.zais cia. Cov phom tua tsiaj uas tsim los ntawm Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant tau paub txij li xyoo 1948, lawv cov khoom loj tau tsim tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Perestroika muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom lag luam; txij li xyoo 1992, lub tuam txhab tau hloov npe hu ua Aksion Joint-Stock Company.

IZHMOTO maus taus cog tau poob rau xyoo 2008 thiab tau raug mob mothballed rau lub sijhawm tsis kawg. Tsis ntev los no, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau pib tshwm rau hauv xov xwm hais txog kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam hauv Suav teb kom rov tsim kho Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant. Cov duab ntawm kev tsim kho uas tsis tau txais kev tsim khoom loj, cov qauv keeb kwm ntawm thawj lub tsheb tseem ua rau muaj kev xav loj heev niaj hnub no.

Kev Cia Siab

Hnub no, cov kev cob qhia uas cov maus taus siv los tsim yog khoob. Raws li cov neeg uas tau tswj xyuas lub hauv paus tsim khoom, tsuas yog thaj chaw fenced-tawm ntawm lub tuam txhab, qhov twg Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant ib zaug. Kev sib cuag yog raws li nram no: Udmurt koom pheej, Izhevsk, st. Telegina, tsev 30.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, LLC Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant (Izhevsk) tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov maus taus, mopeds, maus taus sidecars thiab tsheb kauj vab. Hauv xyoo 2014, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim txog qhov ua tau rov ua dua tshiab ntawm IZH maus taus. Tuam Tshoj tau txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm, muaj cov lus qhia tias sab Suav yuav tso nws tus kheej tsim cov maus taus hauv Udmurtia thiab qhov ua tau ntawm kev tsim lub maus taus ntawm IZH-7 series tau tham, tab sis nws tsis paub yuav ua li cas niaj hnub no.

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