Kev tsim lub qhov dej - vim li cas thiaj xav tau?
Kev tsim lub qhov dej - vim li cas thiaj xav tau?

Video: Kev tsim lub qhov dej - vim li cas thiaj xav tau?

Video: Kev tsim lub qhov dej - vim li cas thiaj xav tau?
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Txhua tus paub tias txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tho qhov dej mus rau qhov tob tob. Qhov no yog ib tug complex mining thiab technical structure, uas tsis yog txhua yam zoo li lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb loj. Ntau pua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm ntau qhov profile tau koom nrog kev tsim kho lub qhov dej.

txhawm rau xyuas kom lub qhov dej ruaj khov, nws cov phab ntsa tau ntxiv dag zog nrog cov kav hlau: cov lus qhia, tus neeg xyuas pib nto, cov hlua casing.

Kev tsim kho roj av
Kev tsim kho roj av

Symbols: 1 - casing kav, 2 - cement pob zeb, 3 - reservoir, 4 - perforations.

Cov hlua ntau lawm tsuas yog khiav hauv qhov dej uas tau drilled hauv teb nrog cov pov thawj pov thawj ntawm hydrocarbons thiab npaj rau kev txhim kho ntawm thaj chaw. Distinguish lub qhov dej:

  • tsim - kom rho tawm cov hydrocarbons rau saum npoo;
  • txhaj tshuaj - txhawm rau tswj lub siab hauv lub pas dej ntawm qhov kev pom zoo;
  • kwv yees - txhawm rau txiav txim siab roj lossis roj cia;
  • observational - tswj kev tswj hwm ntawm thaj chaw.

Oil Well Construction Project

txhawm rau qhib lub qab ntug roj kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm drilling, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account geological qauv ntawm ntu, qhov tob ntawm cov roj reservoir, thev naus laus zis ntawm nws qhov qhib, lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov teeb meem xav tau thaum lub sij hawm drilling thiab ntau ntau geological thiab technological nuances thaum tsim ib lub qhov dej. Tag nrho cov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim lub qhov dej zoo.

pej thuam, hmo
pej thuam, hmo

Zoo kev tsim kho theem

Nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv rau theem. Nyob rau theem kev npaj, kos npe rau thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw drilling, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau npaj, kev siv dej, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus, txoj kev nkag tau raug tso, thiab lub chaw ua haujlwm sib hloov tau raug tsim.

Tom qab ntawd, lub tshuab drilling thiab tag nrho cov cuab yeej drilling tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog cov cuab yeej taw qhia, txuas nws mus rau lub tshuab ntxuav dej los ntawm kev txiav. Kev sim khiav ntawm mounted drilling rig.

Ua raws li qhov drilling, qhib qhov clamping thiab grouting, qhib qhov tsim tsim thiab tau txais kev nkag ntawm hydrocarbons thaum lub sijhawm kuaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov dej uas tsis muab inflow thaum lub sij hawm sim thaum drilling, cov hlua ntau lawm tsis txo qis.

Derrick
Derrick

Rau lub hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm, GTN tau muab tso ua ke - geological thiab technical workorder (los yog ib txoj kev npaj txhua hnub rau cov neeg ua haujlwm drilling). Txhua qhov kev tsim kho qhov dej tau ua tiav raws li cov ntaub ntawv no. Drilling fluid zog, me ntsis txoj kab uas hla, ncua sij hawm rau coring thiab geophysical soj ntsuam - tag nrho cov zoo drilling tsis yuav tsum ua raws li cov teev nyob rau hauv lub geological thiab technical order.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav kev nkag mus rau qhov tob ntawm lub hom phiaj yog qhov ntsuas dej tsis zoo. Nws yuav tsum khaws cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov dej los ntawm kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm overlying pob zeb, tsis yog unduly nyuaj drilling, thiab thaum qhib lub tsim lub qab ntug, tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm hydrocarbons rau saum npoo los yog ntws.

Ua haujlwm ntawm qhov drilling rig
Ua haujlwm ntawm qhov drilling rig

Kho lub qhov qhib nrog kab

Thaum lub sijhawm drilling, geological tsim nrog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev raug nthuav tawm, uas tsis tso cai ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov phab ntsa zoo:

  • tsis muaj zog cemented pob zeb uas tuaj yeem tawg nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov dej drilling;
  • Reservoirs saturated nrog dej, roj, roj los yog cov khoom sib tov ntawm no, uas yuav tsum tau cais tawm ntawm qhov qhib.

Thaum qhib lub sijhawm no, lub qhov dej yog cemented: cov kav hlau hlau tau qis rau hauv qab thiab sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv rov qab potland cements thiab ntau cov khoom ntim tau tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov kav dej thiab lub qhov dej.

Nyob ntawm qhov tsim qhov tob thiab geological qauv ntawm qhov chaw drilling, ntxivintermediate casing hlua.

Kev tsim cov roj av muaj cov hlua hauv qab no: kev taw qhia, tus neeg xyuas pib nto, yam tsawg kawg yog ib lub casing thiab cov hlua ntau lawm.

Roj Platform
Roj Platform

Kev tsim kho tiav

Tom qab qhib lub reservoir, sim nws thiab tau txais cov dej ntws ntawm hydrocarbons, drilling tiav los ntawm kev khiav cov hlua ntau lawm rau hauv qhov dej thiab ntsaws nws. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kem no yog nqa cov hydrocarbons rau saum npoo (yog tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws). Los yog siv dej mus rau hauv lub reservoir nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob los tswj lub reservoir siab rau kev loj hlob zoo teb. Yog li ntawd, kab ntawv no hu ua ntau lawm.

Qhov tob ntawm qhov qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm kab yog nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub reservoir los ntawm cov roj uas npaj yuav muab rho tawm. Yog hais tias cov pob zeb reservoir muaj zog cemented thiab ruaj khov, thaj tsam hauv qab no tsis yog cemented. Cov lim tau nruab rau ntawd, uas, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm clogging, yuav tsum tau hloov. Cov hlua ntau lawm hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau txo qis mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub reservoir.

Yog tias lub pas dej tau tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb xoob, cov roj tsim nrog thaj tsam qhib hauv qab yog tsis yooj yim sua. Cov pob zeb hais nrog nws yuav txhaws qhov qhib ntawm lub ncej, thiab cov dej ntws ntawm hydrocarbons yuav nres. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlua ntau lawm yog txo mus rau hauv qab thiab cemented. Tom qab cov cement hardens, thaj tsam hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej yog perforated, rov ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub qhov dej thiab cov roj-cov kabmob tsim.

txoj hlua ntau lawm
txoj hlua ntau lawm

kab kab

Rau cov qhov dej empiricallyCov nram qab no pom zoo piv ntawm txoj hlua diameters thiab cov dej ntws txhua hnub tau tsim:

  • tsawg dua 40 m3/hnub - 114.3 mm;
  • 40 txog 100m3/hnub - 127.0-139.7mm;
  • 100 to 150m3/hnub – 139, 7-146, 1mm;
  • 150 to 300m3/hnub – 168, 3-177, 8mm;
  • >300m3/hnub – 177.8-193.7 mm.

Txoj kab uas hla ntawm txoj hlua ntau lawm yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thaum tsim lub qhov dej thiab nyob ntawm qhov xav tau roj lossis roj ntau lawm txhua hnub. Nws yog cov kev txwv no uas ua rau txhua qhov kev suav rau qhov drilling, txij li kev suav cov khoom siv laum thiab cov hlua casing yog nqa tawm hauv qab mus rau lub qhov dej.

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