Duralumin yog Duralumin: muaj pes tsawg leeg, khoom, nqe

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Duralumin yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov ntshiab txhuas nrog cov ntsiab lus alloying, suav nrog uas nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov yaj hloov cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Mos thiab lub teeb yuag aluminium nce load kuj thaum khaws tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ntshiab.

Random Discovery

Duralumin yog ib qho hlau ntawm txhuas nrog ib qho me me ntawm tooj liab, uas yog hnub nyoog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov xwm txheej tsim. Cov khoom tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1903 los ntawm Alfred Wilm, uas yog ib tug engineer nyob rau hauv lub German Hoobkas. Thaum lub sijhawm sim, nws pom qhov tsis tu ncua, lees paub los ntawm kev sim mus ntev. Nws pom tau tias yog txhuas thiab 4% tooj liab yog alloyed, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom tshwm sim yog quenched ntawm qhov kub ntawm +500 ° C, ua raws li los ntawm txias txias thiab tuav nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub rau ob peb hnub, ces ib tug hlau nrog nce zog ntsuas yog. tau, nrog tag nrho kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom ductile.

Lub sijhawm xyoo tom ntej, cov hlau nplaum nrog ntau cov khoom ntxiv tau txais, uas ua rau muaj zog ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau theem tam sim no, duralumin yoghigh-strength alloy, uas, nyob ntawm ntau yam, tej zaum yuav muaj xws li tooj liab, magnesium, silicon, zinc, thiab lwm yam.

Composition

Lub zog ntawm duralumin ua kom pom tus nqi siab - mus txog 370 MPa (lub zog ntawm cov ntshiab txhuas yog 70-80 MPa), uas ua rau cov khoom xav tau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam. Ib qho alloy ntawm aluminium nrog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj, nyob rau hauv qee qhov proportions, nws txawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim. Lub hauv paus alloy muaj cov classic proportions ntawm cov khoom xyaw.

Duralumin muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov hauv qab no:

• tooj liab (Cu) - 0.5% ntawm tag nrho pawg.
• Manganese (Mn) ua 0.5% ntawm cov hlau.
• Magnesium (Mg) - 1.5% ntawm tag nrho pawg.
• Silicon (Si) - 1.2%.
• Iron (Fe) ua rau kwv yees li 0.1% ntawm cov khoom xyaw.
• Aluminium (Al) yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb.

hom alloys tseem ceeb

Muaj ntau hom alloys uas txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Duralumin dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tau (kev sib xyaw, ligatures thiab zoo)?

• Aluminium + manganese (Al+ Mg), aluminium + magnesium (Al+ Mn), lub npe thib ob ntawm "maglia" - yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion, siab soldering, vuam. Tsis zoo rau kev txiav. Alloys ntawm cov compositions no tsis raug rau hardening ntxiv. Cov khoom siv yog siv los tsim cov kav dej rau cov kav dej, lub tsheb radiators, tso tsheb hlau luam rau ntau lub hom phiaj, hauv kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam.
• Aluminium + manganese + silicon (Al + Mg + Si), cov hlau tau muab lub npe "avial". Cov khoom ntawm duralumin ntawm no muaj pes tsawg leeg yog corrosion kuj, lightness thiab lub zog ntawm welds, nplua nplej. Hardening yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov kub ntawm +515-525 ° C nrog ib tug ntse txias nyob rau hauv dej (+ 20 ° C) rau 10 hnub. Lub ntsiab ntawm daim ntawv thov yog cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high humidity, kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw, cov cav tov nyob rau hauv lub aircraft kev lag luam, automotive kev lag luam, tsis ntev los no aviation tau hloov kim hlau nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam.
• Aluminium + tooj liab + manganese (Al + Cu + Mg), los yog duralumin, yog cov khoom siv, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau kom tau txais cov khoom kawg, tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov alloying yuav txawv. Cov alloy tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam dav hlau, kev lag luam hauv qhov chaw, rau kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev (Sapsan), thiab lwm yam. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hlau yog nws cov corrosion instability. Daim ntawv duralumin yuav tsum tau ceev faj tiv thaiv corrosion, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov ntshiab txhuas rau saum npoo.

Daim ntawv thov

Duralumin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam dav hlau thiab chaw. Thawj qhov kev siv rau lub dav hlau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1911 nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm airships. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, muaj ntau tshaj kaum hom ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav thiab ruaj khov. Rau cov khoom siv dav hlau, hom D16t feem ntau yog siv, uas suav nrog cuaj hlau, xws li titanium, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov ligature muaj tooj liab, silicon, thiab magnesium. Tus nqi ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv lub alloy yog txwv los ntawm tus qauv cov ntsiab lus - 93%.

Tsis yog tag nrho cov duralumin alloys qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau vuam, ntau yam khoom yog tsim nrog rivets thiab lwm hom fasteners. Kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog kev lag luam dav hlau, kev lag luam tsheb, kev lag luam tshuab cuab yeej. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog cov thev naus laus zis siab siv duralumin, piv txwv li, lub nkoj rau kev siv tus kheej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no yuav kav ntev dua 20 xyoo, thiab txawm tias ntev dua nrog kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv.

Nyob hauv kev tsim khoom nkoj, tsis yog lub nkoj hulls tsuas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv, cov khoom sib dhos. Cov kav dej Duralumin, tuab-walled thiab nyias-walled, yog siv nyob txhua qhov chaw, los ntawm vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog mus rau cov kav dej. Rolled sheets yog siv rau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Duralumin yog aluminium-raws li alloy uas, zoo li txhua yam khoom, muaj qhov zoo. Ntawm lawv:

• High static zog.
• Long service life.
• Yawg yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj.
• Resistant mus rau ntau qhov kev nruj heev, txhua yam, qhov kub thiab txias.
• Txhim kho rau vuam (ntshiab aluminium tsis teb zoo rau vuam seams).
• Ntau daim ntawv thov.

Muaj ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb uas duralumin muaj - nws yog qhov cuam tshuam rau corrosion puas. Tag nrho cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau clad nrog ntshiab txhuas los yog coated nrog primers,tiv thaiv xeb.

Price

Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev yuav cov khoom, tus nqi tsim nyob ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg. Feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau tsim duralumin. Tus nqi yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hom khoom, Scope ntawm mov thiab lwm yam kev mob. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv txuas nrog, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntawm feem pua ntawm cov hlau, ua raws li GOST, cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm.

Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom los ntawm duralumin (kaum, yeeb nkab, ntawv) pib los ntawm 580 rubles ib kilogram. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom, tus nqi ib tuj ntawm cov kav hlau yog kwv yees li 510 txhiab rubles. Duralumin voj voog pib ntawm tus nqi ntawm 250 rubles ib kg. Lub voj voog - lub cim ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj, qhov hla ntawm qhov uas yog lub voj voog ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom ncav cuag 3 meters.