Kev siv cov alkenes hauv kev lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Alkenes yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm hydrocarbon xwm uas muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus ob zaug hauv lawv cov qauv. Cov no suav nrog ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexene, heptene thiab lwm yam. Kev siv cov alkenes yog qhov zoo rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam, nrog rau kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws.

Vim muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus sib txuas, lawv tau siv dav los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev lag luam tshuaj. Xav txog kev siv alkenes siv piv txwv ntawm ethylene. Ethylene, uas yog thaum pib ntawm homologous series ntawm alkenes, yog siv los tsim ethylene glycol, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog siv los tsim hluavtaws lavsan fiber, antifreeze, thiab explosives. Ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv thov yog ua si los ntawm polymerization ntawm ethylene. Nws tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Polymerizing, ethylene forms polyethylene, uas yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov yas, hluavtaws roj hmab thiab roj. Polyethylene nrog luv macromolecules yog cov kua roj nplua nyeem. Yog tus lejkev sib txuas hauv ib qho polyethylene molecule yog 1.5-3 txhiab, ces nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov hnab, zaj duab xis, lub raj mis, cov khoom siv yas. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov saw ntev mus rau tsib mus rau rau txhiab, polyethylene ua ib qho khoom, ruaj khov los ntawm cov kav dej thiab fittings.

Los ntawm lwm cov alkenes, hluavtaws fibers kuj tau los ntawm polymerization. Polypropylene tau los ntawm propene muaj zog zog.

Thaum ethylene reacts nrog hydrogen chloride, ethyl chloride yog tsim, uas yog siv rau hauv tshuaj rau tshuaj loog hauv zos. Kev siv cov alkenes kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog lawv lub peev xwm los teb cov dej, tsim cov cawv. Yog li, los ntawm ethylene nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hydration tshuaj, ethyl cawv yog tau. Lawv tau pom lawv daim ntawv thov raws li cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov organic compounds, kua roj vanish, plastics, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab alkene oxides, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov tebchaw nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv oxidation nrog atmospheric oxygen. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, haloalkanes tau txais los ntawm alkenes thiab halogens. Yog li, dichloroethane tau txais los ntawm ethylene, uas yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov kua roj vanish, ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau granaries, av, nplej, thiab kuj yog ib qho nplaum rau kev koom nrog plastics.

Ethylene tseem yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov acetic acid, ethylbenzene, styrene thiab ntau lwm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thaj chawnws siv los ua lub hauv paus kom tau txais tag nrho cov tshuaj no. Qhov siab reactivity yog vim muaj cov ntawv cog lus ob. Ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv alkenes tshwm sim ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, π-daim ntawv cog lus tau sib cais thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw.

Kev siv cov alkenes tsis txwv rau lawv siv los ua cov khoom siv raw kom tau txais ntau qhov sib txuas. Piv txwv li, ethylene yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khw muag zaub thiab tsev cog khoom kom ceev cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub kom ripening, thiab kuj yog ib tug cog kev loj hlob regulator.