Kev npaj ntoo: hom, khoom siv thiab txheej txheem thev naus laus zis

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Vim ntoo yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev qub tshaj plaws thiab tau siv sijhawm ntev heev, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv no. Ib txoj hauv kev no yog kev npaj ntoo. Kev ua haujlwm yog qhov qub, tab sis nws yog nrog kev pab los ntawm nws tias nws muaj peev xwm muab cov duab thiab qhov loj me rau lub workpiece.

Modern wood processing

Hnub no, muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ua txoj haujlwm no. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau manually, lossis nws tuaj yeem ua tau mechanically. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab style ntawm machining, feem ntau ua hauj lwm yog lub planer.

Txij li niaj hnub no cov thev naus laus zis tau tsim muaj zog heev, cov tshuab tau pib nruab nrog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, cov tshuab neeg hlau, cov kab tsis siv neeg. Tag nrho cov kev txhim kho no tau ua rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab ua kom raug qhov tseeb.

Planing technology. General Description

Tsev npaj siv tshuab lossiscov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis dav dav yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv cov duab, qhov loj lossis cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li ntoo yog ib qho kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev ua, tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau muab faib ua ntau theem. Thawj theem yog qhuav, vim hais tias yog hais tias lub workpiece tsis qhuav, ces nws yuav twv yuav raug hu warp yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog ua raws li theem ntawm kev txiav cov khoom rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm qhov xav tau loj. Cov theem tom ntej no tsuas yog kev npaj ntoo, lossis txhua yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo, lub hom phiaj yog muab cov duab uas xav tau thiab haum rau qhov ntev uas xav tau.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis yuav txawv. Nws nyob ntawm hom khoom siv raw, ntawm txoj kev ua tiav, ntawm lub koom haum tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Lub ntsiab ntawm kev npaj ntoo yog tias txhua qhov roughness, warping thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sau tseg ntawm no tias feem ntau cov teeb meem no tshwm sim tom qab cov ntoo dawb paug hla cov theem sawing. Sawing yog txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav ntoo, nyob rau hauv uas cov kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim coincides nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua hauj lwm txav. Ntawd yog, sawing thiab npaj ntoo yog ob txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, thev naus laus zis uas yooj yim heev, tab sis nws yog nrog nws cov kev pab kom tag nrho cov khoom siv ntoo coj lawv cov duab.

Kev npaj tes. Cov cuab yeej rau txoj haujlwm

Lub ntsiab cuab tam rau kev ua phau ntawv yog lub phiaj xwm. Nws yog siv los ua cov txheej txheemtxhua lub dav hlau. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov sib koom ua ke lossis sherhebels. Lub cev ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov plows muaj xws li ib tug thaiv, horns, nres, riam, wedge. Lub npoo yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov riam hauv qhov thaiv. Rau phau ntawv npaj ntawm ntoo, ib rab riam yog siv ntawm no, uas yog siv los ua steel phaj. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom yog 3 hli, thiab nws yog ua los ntawm carbon hlau hlau qib U8 los yog U9. Qhov qis dua yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv.

Lub thaiv yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim duab plaub. Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm sherhebel lossis planer yog nruab nrog lub horn mounted rau saum. Cov pob qij txha hauv qab riam muaj ib tug kov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub block muaj ib qho. Nws yog qhov no uas hnav tawm sai tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub span. Vim li no, qee zaum, lub pentagonal ntxig ua los ntawm cov ntoo ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog glued mus rau hauv ib qho chaw tsis tu ncua. Thaum npaj ntoo nrog ib lub planer, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov riam nyob ncaj nraim rau sab nraub qaum. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom tiaj tus. Kuj tseem muaj qhov nres tom qab qhov kawg ntawm rab riam, uas yog qhov tsim nyog kom tus kov tsis rub koj txhais tes thaum ua haujlwm.

Sherhebel yog ib qho cuab yeej siv rau kev ua thawj zaug xwb. Hauv lwm lo lus, roughwood planing yog nqa tawm. Cov riam ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm oval cutter. Nrog nws cov kev pab, txheej txheej saum npoo raug tshem tawm, txawm li cas los xij, tom qab nws ua haujlwm, qhov sib sib zog nqus hollows tseem nyob.

Lub cuab tam tom ntej yog tus npaj. Npaj ntoo nrog cov cuab yeej notseem yog thawj, thiab nws muaj kwv yees li tib yam li cov sherhebel. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias rab riam ntawm no yog ua los ntawm cov duab plaub, thiab nws cov npoo yog me ntsis sharpened thiaj li tsis mus khaws cov ntoo thaum lub sij hawm ua. Nws yog siv rau theem ntawm qhov chaw yav tas los kho nrog sherhebel.

Txoj kev ua haujlwm

Hom kev npaj ntoo tau muab faib ua phau ntawv thiab siv tshuab, tab sis lawv, dhau los, tuaj yeem ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Ua ntej pib nrog cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas lub workpiece thiab txiav txim siab seb cov fibers mus rau qhov twg. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov degree ntawm roughness ntawm ntoo. Muaj ib txoj cai tseem ceeb. Planing ntawm ntoo yog ib txwm ua nyob rau hauv txheej. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, koj yuav tsum tau coj lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub xyoo thiab oblique fibers. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias kev xaiv txoj kev yog yuav pab ua kom tag nrho cov txheej txheem yooj yim dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav muaj tsawg roughness. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej xws li sherhebel lossis planer, lawv yuav tsum tuav raws li hauv qab no: lub horn yog tuav nrog sab laug tes, thiab sab tes xis txhawb nqa lub cuab yeej nres. Yog hais tias ib tug sib koom tes los yog semi-joiner yog siv rau kev ua hauj lwm, ces tus tuav yog coj nyob rau hauv sab tes xis, sab laug xibtes muab tso rau ntawm lub block.

Ib txwm, qhov haujlwm no yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai nruj nruj. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav sawing thiab npaj ntoo tsuas yog nrog cov cuab yeej ntse thiab raug sharpened, nrog rau kom raug.kab laug sab. Qhov ib leeg ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav tsum yog tiaj tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tsuas clamp lub workpiece uas nws qhov xaus yog sib npaug thiab perpendicular mus rau cov npoo. Cov khoom uas yog clamped rau ntawm lub workbench yuav tsum haum snugly tiv thaiv nws kom tsis muaj kinks.

Tom qab kev npaj ntoo nrog lub cuab yeej tes tiav lawm, koj tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm ib sab, muab tso rau ntawm nws sab, nrog ib sab ntawm koj.

Machining. Cov cuab yeej rau txoj haujlwm

Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo los ntawm txoj kev no, siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov qauv rau kev ua haujlwm IE-5707A-1 thiab IE-5701A.

Raws li rau thawj phau ntawv siv hluav taws xob, nws feem ntau yog siv hauv kev cob qhia kws ntoo, yog tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau nruab nrog lub rooj zaum ua haujlwm. Rau kev npaj ntoo nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm hom no, nws yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob, V-siv tsav, lub tshuab txiav nrog cov riam hloov tau, txav tau thiab ruaj khov skis, lub taub hau, thiab kov. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog raws li nram no. Lub rotor ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tig hauv ob lub pob bearings. Ib tug kiv cua yog mounted rau ntawm ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tsav tsheb kuj raug kho ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub ncej. Lub torque generated los ntawm lub rotor yog kis mus rau lub cutter siv ib tug V-siv tsav. Ntawm chav tsev no muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov tob ntawm kev npaj. Ua li no, lub ski pem hauv ntej tuaj yeem txo qis lossis tsa. Cov khoom siv kuj tuaj yeem nqa tawm roughing thiab ua tiav kawg. Qhov txawv yog tias rau roughing, ib tug groovedcutter, thiab rau qhov kawg - tiaj.

Lub hom phiaj thib ob ntawm cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob muaj kwv yees li qhov qub. Qhov txawv yog tias riam ncej yog tsav los ntawm V-siv tsav, tsis yog lub cutter. Lub riam nws tus kheej muaj ob rab riam.

Sawing thiab npaj ntoo OKVED 2: code 16.10

OKVED yog tag nrho-Lavxias kev faib tawm ntawm hom kev lag luam. Cov ntaub ntawv no suav nrog cov theem hauv qab no ntawm kev ua ntoo:

• Kev txiav, tu lossis txiav ntoo.
• Kev tsim cov ntoo railway sleepers.
• Sawing thiab npaj ntoo, impregnating ntoo nrog ntau yam tshuaj los tiv thaiv nws ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam.
• Yuav tsum tau ntoo kom qhuav.
• Kev tsim cov khoom tsis sib xws hauv pem teb.

Txhua-Lavxias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm hom kev lag luam - OKVED rau sawing thiab npaj ntoo - qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem muaj ntau qhov kev qhia meej, cov lej menyuam yaus. Lub ntsiab nkag yog nyob rau hauv tus lej 16.10.

Cov cuab yeej teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov hniav ntawm cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa kom zoo, ntse txaus thiab ua kom zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov hniav tuaj tawm tib qhov ntev thiab ntws nrog lub vaj huam sib luag tom qab. Lwm txoj cai tseem ceeb yog qhov loj ntawm cov riam ua haujlwm yuav tsum yogyog tib yam. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej yuav tsum yog hauv av, thiab kev hloov kho, hloov kho lossis kho tsuas yog ua tau yog tias nws raug txiav tawm ntawm lub ntsiab.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog ua raws li hauv qab no. Lub plug txuas nrog lub network, tom qab ntawd, los ntawm nias lub hwj huam khawm, lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav pib. Tom qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau ncav cuag qhov xav tau ceev, nws tuaj yeem txo qis rau ntawm cov ntoo dawb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub workpiece yog kiag li tsis muaj cov khib nyiab, plua plav, av lossis dej khov yog tias ua haujlwm nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas lub planer txo qis qis txaus, txwv tsis pub, thaum lub workpiece thiab riam tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag, lub laub yuav tshwm sim, uas yuav ua rau cov ntoo puas. Chav tsev yuav tsum txav raws cov khoom hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias tom qab ua tiav thawj zaug, lub tshuab raug kaw, cov ntoo rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub thiab rov ua haujlwm dua.

Kev nyab xeeb kuj tseem ceeb ntawm no.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug tiv thaiv kom raug. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsuas yog ib tus neeg tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb thiaj raug tso cai ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov riam tsis kov cov hlau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Slicer

Nws tsim nyog xav txog cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tshuab no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem ua ib sab lossis ob sab. Yog iblub tshuab ob sab yog siv, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav ob qhov chaw nyob ib sab ntawm ib qho chaw ua haujlwm ib zaug. Kuj tseem muaj cov tshuab nrog phau ntawv pub lossis nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus. Yog hais tias txhua yam yog yooj yim thiab meej nrog phau ntawv pub, tom qab ntawd rau cov khoom noj khoom haus nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub tshuab feeder nyob ze. Qee qhov xwm txheej, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv conveyor tuaj yeem siv los hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab no tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv xws li cov khoom siv chips, uas yog siv los sau cov chips thiab plua plav. Nws koom nrog lub Hoobkas tso pa tawm.

Pib

Kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm suav nrog theem ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm chav tsev, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Raws li kev hloov kho, nws muaj nyob rau hauv qab no. Cov riam uas tau nruab rau ntawm cov pob qij txha yuav tsum muaj txoj kab ncaj nraim. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug kav thiab ib tug feeler gauge, lub deviation ntawm straightness yog tswj. Qhov sib txawv uas tau tso cai ntawm tus pas ntsuas thiab cov hniav tsuas yog 0.1 hli yog tias cov hniav ntev txog li 400 hli. Yog tias cov hniav ntev txog 800 hli, qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem yog 0.2 hli. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob planer, cov riam yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov riam yog muab tso ua ke. Cov cuab yeej muaj lub chip breaker. Hniav ntawm riam yuav tsum protrude saum lub caij no tsis ntau tshaj 1-2 hli. Txhawm rau kuaj lub tshuab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm thaiv, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tawv tawv, qhuav, seasoned ntoo. Nws kuj muaj precisely machined ntug. Qhov hla ntawm lub ntsej muag tuaj yeem yog 20-30 x 50-70 mm thiab ntev los ntawm 400 mus rau500 mm.

Technology ntawm cov txheej txheem machining ntawm lub tshuab

Ib tus neeg ua haujlwm xav tau thaum ua haujlwm lub phiaj xwm, uas muaj phau ntawv pub. Tus neeg ua haujlwm siv lub workpiece los ntawm pawg thiab ntsuas nws qhov mob. Cov ntoo uas tau tawg ntau dhau yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Yog hais tias nws tsis muaj zog concave los yog warped, ces nws yuav siv tau, cov khoom yog muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj nrog concave sab. Tom ntej no, lub workpiece yog nias tawm tsam tus kav nrog sab laug tes, thiab pub rau lub tshuab nrog sab tes xis. Hauv qhov no, qhov kawg ntawm cov ntoo yuav txav lub laj kab kiv cua. Qhov no yuav qhib kev nkag mus rau lub ncej nrog rotating riam. Thaum lub hauv ntej ua tiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, tseem tuav lub workpiece nrog koj sab tes laug, nrog koj sab tes xis, me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis thawb nws mus rau pem hauv ntej, ntawm ib tug uniform ceev. Hauv qhov no, tau kawg, koj yuav tsum khaws koj txhais tes ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntawm riam.

Yog tias lub phiaj xwm nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, ces tus nqi pub ntawm lub lumber yog xam raws li lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tom qab ua tiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas cov khoom. Kev sib txawv ntawm lub dav hlau raug tso cai tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.15 hli rau txhua 1000 hli. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib sab yog tso cai tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.1 hli ntawm qhov siab ntawm 100 hli.

Thaum siv cov cuab yeej no rau kev npaj ntoo, nws tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag lossis tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm cov riam stumbles raws li xws li ib tug tsis xws luag, lub workpiece yuav ntswj, thiab tus neeg ua hauj lwm txhais tes dag ntawm cov khoom yuav poob rau hauv lub riam sib txawv.

Qhov phom sij tshaj yog npaj ntoo uas nyias txaus raunqaim los yog luv. Vim li no, yog tias lub tshuab muaj phau ntawv pub, ces muaj kev txwv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub workpieces. Ntev mus txog 400 hli, dav txog 50 hli, thickness mus txog 30 hli.