FSUE "Mayak": qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus dab neeg "magpie"

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog FSUE "Mayak" thiab Chelyabinsk "txiav txim siab" tau khaws cia tsis pub dhau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov kev sib hais haum tsis txawm muaj lub npe, tsuas yog tus lej xa ntawv. Ntau yam tau hloov pauv hauv 70 xyoo. Tau dim ntawm hluav taws xob kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub tuam txhab muaj kev tswj kom daws tau qhov teeb meem thiab tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau hnub tim. Lub nroog "kaw" ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nuclear Ozersk yog ib qho kev txhim kho, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas coob, kev sib haum xeeb zoo nkauj thiab niaj hnub. Cov xov xwm niaj hnub no tau nthuav dav tshaj tawm txog cov xov xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, thiab hauv Is Taws Nem muaj lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm FSUE "Mayak" Ozersk.

Nws pib ua li cas

Cov hluav taws xob tawg uas tshwm sim ntawm Mayak kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1957 tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub neej hauv Chelyabinsk-40. Kev phom sij "huab" nqa mus rau lwm qhov. Tab sis hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kyshtym kev huam yuaj thiab dej paug ua ntej nws nyob rau hauv Techa River xyoo 1949.coob leej tseem tham. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kev tsim lub tuam txhab zais cia uas tsim thawj lub foob pob tawg tsis yooj yim.

Nyob rau xyoo 1945, kev siv thawj qhov project uranium pib. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear thiab nws txoj haujlwm yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob ntau, kev sib txuas lus kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov dej loj heev los ua kom cov tub ntxhais txias txias. Sab nraud secrecy ntawm cheeb tsam kuj xav tau. Qhov kev xaiv tau poob rau thaj tsam ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm cov nroog kev lag luam ntawm Kasli thiab Kyshtym, ntawm ntau lub pas dej, nyob deb ntawm cov chaw loj. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1948, ib qho khoom tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab keeb kwm ntawm FSUE Mayak Chelyabinsk tau pib.

Sab Qab Teb Ural "txiav txim siab" tau ntev dhau los nyob rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv kev zais cia. Lawv tsuas paub tias nyob hauv Sorokovka yog qhov zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub xyoo stagnation: cov khw tau muab los ntawm Moscow, tsis muaj kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem - lub nroog zoo nkauj nyob ntsiag to ncig ntawm hav zoov thiab pas dej.

Seventy atomic xyoo Mayak

Ua tsaug rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Mayak software, kev mob siab rau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tsim nyog, thawj qhov kev sim ua tiav ntawm cov qauv nuclear tau ua tiav ib xyoos thiab ib nrab tom qab cov nroj tsuag tau qhib. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam nuclear poob rau xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho socialist. Nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam nrog lub sij hawm thiab kev tshawb pom, ib tug tshiab enterprise tsiv mus rau pem hauv ntej.

Thaum tig ntawm lub xyoo pua, FSUE Mayak cov koom haum tsim khoom tau ntsib nrog cov kev cov nyom tshiab - qhov yuav tsum tau dawsib puag ncig teeb meem yav dhau los.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov chaw txaus ntshai heev uas xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub teb chaws cov thawj coj. Txij li thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1990 thiab txog niaj hnub no, cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev lag luam nuclear tau raug daws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev txuag ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Thawj Tswj Hwm txoj kev txiav txim ntawm 2003, tsom rau kev txhim kho ib puag ncig hauv lub pas dej ntawm lub pas dej Techa, tab tom ua tiav, thiab kev lag luam tab tom txhim kho tsis tu ncua hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam

FGUP PO Mayak muaj ntawm nws cov khoom pov tseg tshwj xeeb thiab lub peev xwm tsim nyog los ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• reactor ntau lawm;
• tshuaj thiab metallurgical ntau lawm;
• radiochemical ntau lawm;
• tsim tawm ntawm cov isotopes radioactive;



• tsim cov cuab yeej siv hlau niaj hnub;
• instrumentation;
• ecology;
• science.

Txoj kev taw qhia

Lub tuam txhab ntiav txog kaum ob txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog. Tshwj xeeb scientific thiab technical thaj chaw ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm pab neeg:

1. Rov qab siv cov roj nuclear los ntawm cov nkoj nuclear thiab submarines, nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag thiab kev tshawb fawb reactors.
2. Tsim cov ionizing hluav taws xob units rau kev lag luam thiab kev siv kho mob.
3. Tsim thiab siv cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tam sim no.

FGUP PO Mayak hauv Ozersk yog suav tias yog lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear hauv Lavxias Federation uas siv cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom zoo, ib puag ncig zoo.

Ozersk nyob li cas hnub no

Kev lag luam ntawm niaj hnub Ozersk yog cov qauv tsim tau zoo. Nws suav nrog ntau qhov kev lag luam, kev thauj mus los, kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj, kev sib txuas lus, vaj tsev thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog, kev lag luam thiab kev pabcuam pejxeem. Cov kev sib raug zoo tau raug kho: tsev kho mob, polyclinics, kab lis kev cai chaw, kindergartens, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv ntxiv rau cov me nyuam. Cov kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm tshwj xeeb siab dua thiab theem nrab tsis yog hauv Ozersk nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob sab nraud (kev kawm phiaj xwm). Xya thiab ib nrab pua lub koom haum thiab kev lag luam nrog ntau hom kev ua tswv cuab tau ua tiav hauv nroog. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los twv tias nyob rau hauv kev sib hais haum uas lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb yog FSUE "Mayak", kev lag luam tshuaj muaj yeej (87.2%). Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub nroog nuclear, cov zaub mov, lub teeb, kev lag luam woodworking, kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev, metalworking thiab mechanical engineering tau tsim. Ntawm 34 lub lag luam hauv Ozersk nroog kev sib hais, 23 muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm cov lag luam me.

Kev Pom Zoo rau kev txhim kho

FSUE "Mayak" - niaj hnubib lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv uas yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev lub koom haum Rosatom. Cov kev pab cuam loj rau kev txhim kho lub teb chaws nuclear fais fab kev lag luam, uas tau teev tseg los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, guarantees cov kev ua hauj lwm tas li ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub ntsiab, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov uas tsis yog-tub rog ntau lawm chaw ntawm Mayak, piv txwv li, tshuab cuab yeej lub tsev.

Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab, Mikhail Ivanovich Pokhlebaev, suav tias yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb los koom ua ke cov thev naus laus zis muaj nyob hauv Mayak rau hauv kev siv lub zog ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws. Lub taub hau tsom ntsoov rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom tiav lub xeev kev tiv thaiv kev txiav txim, ntxiv kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom, daws teeb meem kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig.

Kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam nuclear prophesy lub neej yav tom ntej ua tiav tsis yog rau Mayak kev lag luam thiab Ozersk kev sib haum xeeb, tab sis kuj rau txhua tus neeg nyob ntawd. Leej twg paub, tej zaum ib lub nroog txawv txawv yuav qhib qhov rooj rau koj. Tsim nyog sim!