Txhim kho steel: hom, GOST, chav kawm muaj zog. Hlau reinforcement

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txoj hlau tsis raug hu ua qhov ntawd: yog tias koj kawm GOST 5781-82, koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub npe raug suab zoo li "kub-kub-kub cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv". Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe tau hloov mus ntev dhau lawm, yog li nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev tshaj lij nws tau sai sai txo mus rau qhov yooj yim "fitting". Nws yog qhov tseeb dua, yooj yim dua, thiab sai dua.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntau chav kawm ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Kev faib tawm yog raws li cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• periodic profile;
• mechanical parameters.

Txhim kho steel los hauv cov qib hauv qab no:

• AII.
• AIII.
• AIV.
• AV.

Tau ntau xyoo tam sim no, qhov kev thov rau A500C reinforcing steel tau siab heev ntawm kev ua lag luam. Yog tias koj kawm GOST 5781-82, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav cov lus piav qhia zoo ib yam li nws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov kev txwv. Cov khoom no yog tsim los rau cov qauv hauv qab no:

• STO AschM 7-93;
• technical specifications.

Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, raws li qhov kub-kuav los tiag steel ntawm lub sijhawm profile tau muab faib ua pawg, tau qhia los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam ferrous metallurgy. Lawv koom ua ke hauv ib lub koom haum, uas tau coj mus, ntawm lwm yam,kev txhim kho cov cai rau kev tsim khoom.

Special ntees

Cov lus piav qhia A500C reinforcing steel tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom kub dov. Tsis tas li ntawd, chav kawm AI tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, uas nyob rau hauv GOST feem ntau hu ua A240. Qhov tseem ceeb feature yog tus du profile. Steel 3 SP (PS) yog siv los ua raw khoom rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Txoj kab uas hla thiab sib txawv ntawm nws rau txhua yam khoom uas muaj qhov profile du yog tswj los ntawm GOST 2590-88. Cov ntaub ntawv no kuj tseem qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Smooth reinforcing steel yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv hauv qab no:

• bars;
• bays.

Hauv cov coils koj tuaj yeem pom qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 6 txog 14 hli (qib - 2 hli). Kev xaiv ntawm kev txhawb nqa hauv cov tuav yog me ntsis dav. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla yog 16 hli thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws yog 40 hli. Los ntawm 16 mus rau 22 hli, lub suab yog 2 hli, los ntawm 25 mus rau 40 mm nws nce mus rau peb.

Yuav ua li cas thiab yog vim li cas?

Lub A240 qib steel hlau yog tsim nyog hauv kev tsim kho thiab lwm qhov chaw uas siv cov pob zeb ntxiv, vim nws yog siv los txhawb lawv. Qee cov kws tshaj lij hu cov khoom siv no "loop", vim nws yog kev cai siv qhov cuab lub zog los tsim cov voj-zoo li cov ntsiab lus uas txhawb nqa cov khoom siv pob zeb. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum lub caij sawv tawm ntawm lub dav hlau loj ntawm cov qauv. Kub dov A1 reinforcing steel yog tsim los tsim cov ntsiab lus uas yooj yim rau kev thauj khoom ntawm cov blocks tiav, kev thauj mus los thiab kev tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiaj liNws yooj yim dua los txuas cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ua ke.

The AI rebar qib, zoo li ib puag ncig, yog qhov tsim nyog rau ntau hom kev tsim. Thaum siv nws, lawv ua:

• fencing;
• furniture;
• railings.

Lub voj voog thiab hlau fittings A1, yog tias lawv tau ua raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb, yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw: lawv tuaj yeem kos rau hauv cov hlau. Tso cai Profiles:

• periodic;
• Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.

Yog tias lub Hoobkas valve muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, ces A1 steel tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom ntawm lub tshuab dhos lossis tshuab milling. Cov khoom yog ua tiav mechanically.

Ua raws li cov cai hauv siab

Qhia txog dab tsi ntxiv cov hlau yuav tsum yog, GOST 5781.82. Raws li cov kev cai, cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 0.3%, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv tau rau cov pob zeb ntxiv. Kev txhawb zog yog siv rau ob qho tib si yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, thiab rau tib yam.

Yog tias siv cov pob zeb ua ntej thiab kev ntxhov siab, ces qhov kev txhawb nqa yog xaiv kom muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom hnyav heev hauv qhov chaw no. Raws li txoj cai, qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov loj heev, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov hlau txuas ntxiv kom muaj zog thiab ua kom nruj los ntawm cov hlau txhim khu kev qha. Yog siv xaim, ces qhov yuav tsum tau muaj siab kuj tau muab tso rau ntawm nws lub zog.

Yog tias kub dov reinforcing steel yog siv rau hauv cov qauv, tsis yograug kev ntxhov siab, tom qab ntawd tso cai siv cov khoom siv raw zoo tib yam. Cov qib steel hauv qab no muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm no:

• CT3.
• CT5.

Rau prestressing, nws yog kev cai coj hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon:

• medium;
• siab.

Tseem tuaj yeem siv steel rebar, thermally kho kom muaj zog ntxiv.

Steel: Peb yuav muab qhov twg?

Yuav ua kom cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws, GOST 5781.82 pom zoo kom noj cov hlau ruaj khov:

• carbon;
• low-alloyed.

Muaj ntau qib siv tau rau ntau hom khoom hais. Raws li txoj cai, tus neeg siv khoom, thaum xa ib qho kev txiav txim mus rau lub valve cog, qhia los ntawm cov khoom siv raw nws xav pom cov khoom tiav. Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsis tau txais cov lus pom zoo, ces lub tuam txhab tsim khoom ntawm nws tus kheej txiav txim siab rau qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ib hom khoom. Tshwj xeeb, rau A800 nws yog kev cai siv cov npe hauv qab no:

• 22X2G2AYU.
• 22X2Y2R.
• 20X2Y2SR.

Dab tsi tseem ceeb?

Thaum tsim cov qauv uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov chav kawm los ntawm thawj mus rau thib peb, thiab cov siab dua yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias cov qauv tau ua kom nruj.

Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov khoom yuav txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, ces cov hom fittings zoo li no yog qhov tsim nyog, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov txo qis.feem pua ntawm carbon. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev xaiv rau cov khoom siv raw uas tau dhau los ua qhov kub thiab txias ntxiv.

Tab sis yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab siv hlau los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau ib qho uas cov pa roj carbon tsis zoo, lossis nws cov ntsiab lus tsis pub tshaj 0.8%. Cov khoom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj zog ntxiv - txog li 180 kgf / mm 2suav nrog. Cov kev xaiv no muaj:

• kho kub kub;
• khaw.

Carbon thiab khoom zoo

Tswj cov khoom siv raw khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm, GOST 5781-82. Hauv particular, feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb, ntawm nws cov kav ntev thiab kev ntseeg tau. Qhov ntau carbon muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau, qhov siab dua yuav hardness inherent nyob rau hauv lub reinforcement, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub brittleness nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, welding high-carbon steel yog qhov nyuaj heev, feem ntau qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsis txaus, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv tag nrho.

Cov feem pua ntawm carbon tso cai rau koj nkag mus rau hauv kev faib tawm hauv qab no:

• qis-carbon steel fittings, qhov chaw no muaj nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm tsis ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm ib feem pua;
• nrog qib nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus - los ntawm ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib feem pua rau 0.6;
• cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm 0.6 txog 2%.

Yuav ua li cas txhim kho?

Yuav kom cov hlau ntxiv kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem ntxivcov khoom ntxiv. Nws yog kev cai siv los ua cov khoom siv alloying:

• tungsten;
• vanadium;
• chrome;
• nickel.

Nyob hauv qee cov alloys, tsuas yog ib lossis ob qho ntxiv ntxiv, hauv lwm tus - sib xyaw ntawm 5-6 hlau. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais cov hlau zoo hlau nrog kev ua haujlwm siab:

• zog;
• hardness;
• corrosion resistance.

Kom tau txais cov hlau alloyed, silicon, manganese tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv raw. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus additives muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom, nws yog ib txwm coj los tham txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom mus rau ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm hauv qab no:

• qis alloy reinforcing steel uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj li tsib feem pua ntawm suav nrog;
• nruab nrab alloyed, uas tus nqi ntawm cov additives txawv ntawm 5-10%;
• alloyed heev, ib feem kaum lossis ntau dua ntawm cov khoom ntxiv.

Kuv lub npe rau koj li cas?

Txhim kho cov hlau tsis yog hlau xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau ntawm lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg. Hais txog dab tsi suav nrog hauv cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem paub los ntawm lub npe. Cov txheej txheem tau tsim los rau kev xaiv ntawm qee yam khoom ntxiv hauv lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv. Piv txwv:

• X yog chrome.
• Z – zirconium.
• T yog titanium.

Tom qab sau tus lej cim. Lawv xav txog ntau npaum li cas carbon muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Pua pua yog qhia. Tom ntej no sau cov ntawv. Lawv sawv cev cov tshuaj lom neeguas qhia tias ntau npaum li cas ntawm nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub reinforcement. Yog tias tsis muaj daim duab qhia, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov khoom muaj nyob hauv tsawg dua ib feem pua.

ntim tsawg dua ib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv).

Yuav tsum thov thiab tos?

Raws li cov qauv tam sim no, kev txhawb nqa steel yuav tsum yog:

• easy to weld;
• plastic;
• durable.

Strength feem ntau nkag siab tias yog lub peev xwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig. Kev cuam tshuam sab nraud tuaj yeem ncab cov hlau thiab khoov, twist thiab compress, txiav. Rau txhua hom kev thauj khoom, cais qhov ntsuas lub zog yog qhov txawv. Kev txhawb zog ntau dua yog siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas tensile loads siab, yog li nws yog tus nqi no uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thawj qhov chaw. Txhawm rau ntsuas seb qhov kev txhawb nqa tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav li cas, koj yuav tsum ntsuas:

• tam sim no txwv;
• kev tawm tsam.

Plasticity yog qhov ntsuas uas qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv sab nraud uas sim hloov cov duab ntawm cov khoom, nws hla ntu. Yog hais tias qhov kev txhawb zog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no khaws nws cov thawj tsis, ces tom qab lub load raug tshem tawm, nws muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau nws thawj lub xeev los yogtxuag koj cov kev hloov pauv. Ductility yog qhia nyob rau hauv elongation ntawm tawg, lub kaum sab xis ntawm khoov, tus naj npawb ntawm kinks seem tom qab cov hlau tau txias.

Weldability yog ib qho qhia uas qhia txog lub peev xwm los txuas nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv zoo thaum siv ib txoj kev vuam tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev teeb tsa no yog txiav txim los ntawm:

• metal composition;
• by smelting method;
• size ntawm rods hauv seem;
• txuas nta;
• plasticity.

Mechanics thiab kev ntseeg tau

Cov kev ntsuas saum toj no tso cai rau peb tham txog qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo. Nws yog nyob ntawm lawv lub hauv paus uas cov yam ntxwv thiab cov cim qhia tau txawv.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa yog nws lub zog tensile. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab nws, nrog rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej txwv, qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cov elongation ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem txheeb ze rau tus nqi pib, kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb yog ua tiav hauv kev tsim khoom: cov tshuab tensile tsim rau txoj haujlwm no yog siv.

Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav raws li hauv qab no: thaum lub tshuab pib, cov khoom maj mam nce ntawm cov qauv tso. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, armature yog nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj fastening system uas tsis tso cai rau lub "tshem tawm" ntawm cov qauv. Cov txheej txheem sim ua kom lub pas nrig longitudinally los ntawm deforming nws. Cov ntsuas ntsuas tau los ntawm qhov kev txhawb zog tso cai rau koj los tsim daim duab nro (qhov ntsuas tau teeb tsa arbitrarily).

Specifications

Ncaj nraim ntawm daim duab qhia txog cov loads uas tus qauv tsis deformed. Nrog nceloads, ib tug yuav pom ib tug proportional nce nyob rau hauv ntev, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus kos cov lus xaus hais txog kev cia siab ntawm steel thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv sab nraud influences. Tus nqi txwv ntawm qhov thauj khoom siv rau cov qauv kuaj tau ua ntej. Thaum ncav cuag tus nqi no, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kuj maj mam txo.

Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws, tus pas nrig, ncab nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog sab nraud, rov qab mus rau nws qhov qub qub thaum lub load raug tshem tawm. Qhov no muaj peev xwm yog vim lub elasticity ntawm steel. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias thaj tsam elastic rau cov hlau muaj qee yam kev txwv. Thaum cov ntsuas tau dhau qhov kev txwv no mus txog, qhov rov qab mus rau qhov tseem ceeb qub yuav ua tsis tau. Thaum qhov taw qhia ciam teb no tau tshwm sim, lawv hais tias qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau lawm.

Yog tias koj sim qhov kev txhawb nqa ua raws li GOST tam sim no ntawm cov hlau ST3, ces koj yuav tau txais qhov ntsuas ze rau cov hauv qab no:

• yield zog - 2460 kgf/cm2;
• elongation - 25;
• tensile lub zog nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv - 4,000 kgf/cm2.

Parameters thiab Scope

Txhim kho nrog cov nqi zog siab feem ntau raug nqi ntau dua li cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias kev siv cov khoom siv no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, txij li qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj ntau dua ntawm cov hlau.

Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov yas ntawm kev txhawb nqa: yogtej ciam teb, dhau qhov uas nws yog undesirable heev. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no poob qis dua ib theem, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov khoom dov rau tag nrho lub zog. Ib qho qauv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom siv los ua nkig thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam. Muaj lwm qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv cov hlau yas: qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob txha tawg tau nce ntxiv nyob rau theem ntawm kev txhim kho cov pob zeb ntxiv.

cuam tshuam rau cov qauv steel

txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhawb nqa, lawv siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Hauv particular, kev xyaum ntawm thermal hardening yog dav. Hauv qhov no, lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv ob npaug, thiab qee zaum ntau dua. Qhov no feem ntau siv rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, carbonaceous compounds. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov khoom loj hlob tsuas yog 10-12%. Thermal hardening qhia tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo piv rau cov neeg kho tshuab hardening, tab sis rau nws cov kev siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej niaj hnub loj thiab pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg (thiab lub koob npe nrov ntawm nws cov chaw tsim khoom) cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm kev ua yuam kev me me hauv cov txheej txheem.

Kev ua haujlwm tawv tau tiav siv:

• winches;
• hydraulic jacks;
• profiled yob.

Tsav tom kawg yog xav tau los ua kom tiaj tus hlau. Thaum hardening, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov yas deformations, vim tias lub zog nce 50%txheeb ze tus nqi qub.

nrov tshaj plaws - yog dab tsi?

Kev lig kev cai, qhov xav tau tshaj plaws hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm dov hlau fittings yog 8 hli inch. Nws belongs rau chav kawm thib peb thiab yog tsim nyob rau hauv bays, coils, rods. 8 mm - parameter ntawm qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub tsev khoom. Kev tsim cov khoom siv zoo li no yuav tsum ua raws li GOST 30136-95. Rebar ua nyob rau hauv coils yog hu ua "dov hlau" los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb.

Lub 8 hli rebar yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj carbon. Cov qib CT0, CT3 yog siv. Muaj ob (qee zaum ib) txias theem hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov khoom siv siab ntseeg tau. Dov hlau nyob rau hauv coils yog ib tug hlau.

A3 rebar - steel nrog lub voj voog hauv ntu ntu. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom tom ntej ntawm cov hlau, springs. Cov ntaub ntawv raw kuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv txias txias.

Kev tsim khoom thiab muag

8 hli rebar feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau-section tshuab los ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas ua raws li GOST 380. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, piv txwv tias muaj bar steel ua tiav los ntawm lub tshuab ncej. Ntawm cov cav tov, cov khoom yog dov thiab kos, rhuab thiab txias. Nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib yam khoom, nws yuav txias lawm los yog quab yuam.

Ntawm kev muag khoom xws li cov khoom tam sim no ob qho tib si hauv kab ntsuas thiab hauv cov skeins loj (rau cov neeg lag luam wholesale).

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau?

Txhim kho 8 hli yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoreinforced pob zeb thiab hlau qauv. Hlau pas nrig yog heev nyias, yog li nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov nets, thav ntawv, ropes. Kev txhawb zog yog siv tau raws li lub hauv paus rau staples. Nws yog siv los ntxiv dag zog rau lub tsev. Ib qho kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yog xaiv los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, raws li lawv txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm ib lub npe tshwj xeeb.

Kev siv zog ntau dua yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm lub tsev, thiab tsis yog cov khoom siv ywj pheej. Yog tias xav tau cov pas nrig hlau los tsim cov rau tes, cables, ces koj yuav tsum tau tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom: cov khoom ntxhib tsis tuaj yeem lees txais, qhov no yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm cov khoom tiav. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tuab tuab, staples, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau saum npoo smoothness tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov fittings siv rau kev teeb tsa ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov kab noj hniav lossis cov kab nrib pleb uas muaj huab cua. Yog tias 8 hli txoj kab uas hla rebar tau yuav hauv cov tuav, kev tswj kom zoo yuav tsum taug qab tus kheej ntawm cov khoom.

Qee yam

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rebar muaj ib puag ncig lub sijhawm profile feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov tav tav ntev. Helical protrusions khiav hla cov pas nrig, pw nrog ib txoj kab nrog peb khiav. Yog hais tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub bar yog mus txog 6 mm, ces cov protrusions yuav khiav raws lub helix nyob rau hauv ib tug mus. Ob txoj kev tso cai rau 8 hli.

Txhim kho, qeb thib peb, tshwm sim:

• regular;
• special.

Nws raug xaiv raws li A300 thiab Ac300, feem. Rau cov khoom siv raw li noprotrusions yog cov yam ntxwv, nyob rau hauv uas qhov nkag ntawm ob sab ntawm profile yog uniform. Ntawm no cov kab kuj mus nrog ib tug ntsia hlau. Tab sis rau A400-A1000, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog qhov nkag yog sab xis ntawm ib sab thiab sab laug ntawm lwm qhov.

Cov ntsia hlau tuaj yeem ua tsis raug. Qhov kev ntsuas no tsis yog tus qauv raws li GOSTs tam sim no.

Lwm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsim cov hlau A800. Cov npe hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv rau nws:

• 22X2G2AYU.
• 22X2Y2R.
• 20X2Y2SR.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom kawg feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm Gosstroy, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov qib hauv qab no ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation:

• A400C.
• A500C.

Ob leeg yog tsim nyog rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb ua vaj tse thiab hloov cov A-III yav dhau los uas tau siv dav. Cov no yog tsim los rau hauv tus account qhov yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv GOST 5781-82.