Cov qe qaib: piav qhia thiab yees duab
Cov qe qaib: piav qhia thiab yees duab

Video: Cov qe qaib: piav qhia thiab yees duab

Video: Cov qe qaib: piav qhia thiab yees duab
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Hauv tebchaws Russia, hom qaib nyiam tshaj plaws yog cov noog uas nteg qe nrog cov plhaub dawb thiab xim av. Lub qub yog rau nteg hens, thiab tom kawg rau lub qe-nqaij hom. Kuj tseem muaj nqaij yug qaib, kis las thiab me me. Tab sis lawv tsis xav tau ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ob hom kawg.

Cov kev ua si kis las yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, tab sis lawv cov qe qe yog qhov nruab nrab, lossis txawm tias qib qis. Cov hens me me, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, maj nrawm, tab sis ceev heev hauv kev pabcuam thiab tuag zoo li yoov yog tias lawv khaws cia zoo li cov noog hauv tsev. Tias yog vim li cas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nyiam yug ntau hom qaib - nteg qe thiab hom qe-nqaij. Lawv yog unpretentious, nyob ntev thiab nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog ua kom pom tseeb qhov kev rau siab thiab nyiaj txiag kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lawv.

Yog li, cia peb sim xyuas seb hom qaib twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, vim li cas thiab qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg. Peb kuj tseem yuav xav txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ib hom tsiaj thiab qhov ua tau ntawm nws qhov yug me nyuam.

Layers

Cov qoob loo nteg qe txawv ntawm lwm tus hauv kev ua haujlwm siab. Lawv muaj lub teeb thav duab, lub teeb yuag thiab ntom plumage. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pom kev zoo ntawm cov hens yog qhov loj, nplooj-puab ridge raucrown.

Qe qe ntawm qaib pib nteg plaub mus rau tsib lub hlis tom qab yug me nyuam. Thaum cov noog tau txais qhov tsim nyog loj, qe pib tshwm. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv tsev nyiam yug me nyuam cov txheej txheem tsawg tshaj plaws - Russian White thiab Leggorn, tab sis qee tus tsis kam lees lawv tus kheej kab txawv.

Russian White

Ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm cov qaib uas nyiam tshaj plaws. Muaj cov lus piav qhia thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tsiaj no, raws li lawv hais, ntawm txhua tus ncej. Qhov no yug yog wildly nrov nyob rau hauv Russia lub zos thiab lub zos. Nws yog picky, tenacious thiab nqa tau zoo.

qaib yug qaib nrog yees duab
qaib yug qaib nrog yees duab

Tus qaib yug los ua tsaug rau cov kws yug tsiaj hauv Lavxias uas hla cov tsiaj ntawm leghorn qaib nrog nqaij noog. Lub nteg qe pib muab qe tom qab tsib lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus qaib tuaj yeem ncav cuag peb mus rau plaub kilograms ntawm cov txiv neej thiab ob mus rau peb tus poj niam.

Nyob rau hauv tsos, tus qaib yog me ntsis reminiscent ntawm ib tug leghorn, tab sis nws lub taub hau yog me ntsis loj dua li cov thawj hom. Kev tshuaj xyuas rau Russian White qaib yug yog feem ntau zoo. Tsuas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb feem ntau yws txog yog qhov tsis muaj zog incubation instinct. Yog li ntawd, ib tug yuav luag yuam kom tus noog mus rau lub qe los yog hatch lawv artificially.

Leggorn

Cov qaib no (daim duab hauv qab no) tau yug los hauv Ltalis, hauv nroog Livorno, tom qab ntawd nws tau ua tiav thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noog yog ntau yam xim. Nws tuaj yeem yog dub, fawn, liab, tab sis feem ntaudawb.

tso hens
tso hens

Leggorn yog cov qaib zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb paub txog. Ib tug neeg laus hnyav txog li ob mus rau peb kilograms, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws muaj lub qe tsim tau zoo. Hauv ib xyoos, ib tug nteg qe tuaj yeem tsim tau txog 200 qe, uas yog qhov zoo rau nws qhov hnyav. Lub plhaub yog dawb huv thiab ruaj khov heev.

Raws li Lavxias teb sab dawb nteg qe, Leghorn yog ib hom qaib uas tsis muaj kev tsim brooding instinct. Yog li ntawd, rau me me yards nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv ib tug sib txawv yug, tab sis rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog incubators - yog nws.

Rau kev yug me nyuam rau lwm hom qaib, leggorn yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws lub qe tsim tawm. Yog hais tias tus noog no tau raug tswj xyuas kom zoo thiab noj kom zoo, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua raws li ib tug nteg qe, tab sis kuj mus rau nqaij. Tus nqi qe qe txo me ntsis, tab sis qhov hnyav ntxiv.

Poltava

Txiv hens ntawm hom no feem ntau yog cuckoo lossis av nplaum xim. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Poltava nqaij qaib yog hais liab "pob ntseg", nrog rau lub xub ntiag ntawm pob ntseg thiab nplooj-zoo li zuag.

Nyob ntawm no yug yog zoo meej rau amateur yug me nyuam. Qhov loj ntawm tus neeg laus qaib yog li ntawm 2-3 kilograms nrog qhov nruab nrab qe tsim ntawm 170 qe ib xyoos. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los yug me nyuam, Poltava nteg hens muaj ib tug zoo-tsim hatching instinct, yog li tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv mev nrog ib tug me me lub taub hau.

Brahma qaib
Brahma qaib

Tus noog yog picky hauv kev pab, tenacious thiab kuj nyob twj ywm. Kev txiav tximRaws li kev txheeb xyuas, rau cov niam tais nyob deb nroog thiab cov liaj teb me - yog li ntawd.

Orlovskaya

Txoj kev yug me nyuam hauv paus tau ploj mus rau qhov chaw, thiab cov kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no twb tsis paub tiag tiag leej twg thiab thaum twg coj tus noog no. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nteg qe yog kev ua kis las ntawm lub cev pob txha. Nyob rau hauv tsos, tus qaib zoo li ib tug sib ntaus sib tua noog tshaj ib tug dog dig nteg qe.

Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Oryol yug me nyuam nteg qe nruab nrab nrog cov xim dawb lossis xim liab. Ib tug poj niam tuaj yeem nteg txog 160 qe hauv ib xyoos nrog nws qhov hnyav ntawm 3 kg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus noog tau txawv ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm cov cim zoo heev ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, yoog tau txawm tias qhov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj tuaj yeem pom zoo yam tsis muaj kev zam, tab sis tsis muaj fanaticism: tus qaib yuav tsis tiv taus qhov txias sab qaum teb tsis muaj kev saib xyuas zoo.

cov qaib
cov qaib

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim nws cov xim qub, ntau tus neeg yug tsiaj siv Oryol yug los ua cov noog. Mahogany xim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nkauj thiab nthuav txog qhov no.

Dominant qaib tau bred nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej. Kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab kev xaiv ntev tau nqa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov tsiaj no txawv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm lub qe zoo heev, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev loj hlob zoo nrog rau qhov zoo nkauj txaus nyiam.

Tus noog yog zoo meej rau nruab nrab thiab me me, thiab ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev xav zoo, cov qaib tuaj yeem raug bred yam tsis muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb feem ntau yws txog hauv lawv cov kev tshuaj xyuas yog qhov ntau ntawm cov qe hauv ib lub qe (obpeb). Cov yam ntxwv no tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov tsiaj hluas. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj tswj hwm nyiam qhov muaj koob meej nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb ntawm Russia.

zoo tshaj plaws qaib breeds
zoo tshaj plaws qaib breeds

Nqaij-qe yug

Ntawm no peb muaj qee hom hybrids, qhov twg cov noog tsis tsuas yog tsim cov qe xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov hnyav, nrog rau cov nqaij zoo.

Cov tsiaj no loj hlob yuav luag zoo ib yam li nteg qe, tab sis tsis zoo li yav tas los, lawv tsis tshua muaj kev saib xyuas. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov nqaij thiab qe qaib muaj qhov hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab ua kom zoo. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv private tsev. Yog tias cov hens xav tau lub laj kab siab lossis laj kab, ces nqaij thiab qe noog tsis txhob sim tawm ntawm qhov chaw taug kev.

Rhode Island

Asmeskas cov neeg yug tsiaj los ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib lub npe tau ua haujlwm ntev los tsim cov noog uas xav tau, thiab vim li ntawd ib qho ntawm cov nqaij thiab qe zoo tshaj plaws tau txais. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tab sis nws tau coj tuaj rau peb lub teb chaws tsuas yog thaum ntxov 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

qaib qaib piav piav qhia
qaib qaib piav piav qhia

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Rhode Island yog qhov muaj zog thiab ua kom muaj zog: lub hauv siab tseem ceeb, rov qab ncaj, ob txhais ceg muaj zog, lub cev square thiab nplua nuj feathered. Cov noog tau xyaum tsis muaj tis, tab sis ob txhais ceg tau tsim zoo.

Rau cov xim, nws feem ntau yog liab, thiab qee qhov ntawm tus Tsov tus tw thiab cov plaub yog dub. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj muaj lub ntsej muag daj daj thiab pob ntseg liab. Qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav ntawm ib tug noog mus txog 3-4kilogram, thiab cov qe qe txhua xyoo tsis pub tshaj 170 qe.

New Hampshire

Lwm hom tsiaj nrog lub npe ntawm lub xeev, bred nyob rau hauv New England nyob rau hauv North America thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Rhode Island tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev yug me nyuam, tab sis cov hom tshiab tau txais lub qe ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

Ib yam uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb qee zaum yws txog hauv lawv cov kev tshuaj xyuas yog qhov kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm cov noog. Yog tias cov tsiaj tau piav qhia saum toj no tau ncav cuag nws hauv 4 lub hlis, ces New Hampshire qaib xav tau tsawg kawg rau lub hlis. Tab sis qhov kev cia siab ntau dua li them rov qab: qhov hatchability ntawm cov tsiaj hluas tsis hla qhov qis ntawm 85%, thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov kev xav ntawm incubation zoo ib yam li nteg qe. Yog li qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj incubators thiab qee cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.

Sab nrauv ntawm cov noog yog qhov nco txog Rhode Island yug, tab sis plumage ntawm qaib yog me ntsis sib dua nrog lub hauv siab ntxoov ntxoo. Raws li qhov xwm txheej, lawv nyob ntsiag to, yog li lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub tawb zoo tib yam rau ntau tus neeg.

Ntxiv rau, New Hampshire yug tau muab faib ua ob hom: broiler thiab qe. Thawj yog qhov txawv ntawm lub cev loj dua, nrog rau cov nqaij tsim khoom, thiab qhov thib ob muaj cov pob txha me me, tab sis cov qe ntau lawm (txog 200 qe ib xyoos). Tsis hais txog ntawm subspecies, nyob qhov hnyav ntawm qaib ncav cuag 4 kilograms. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov txiv neej predominate nyob rau hauv cov broods, yog li ntawd cov kev taw qhia broiler zoo nkaus li muaj kev vam meej rau cov tsiaj no.

Plymouthrock

Txoj kev yug me nyuam nyob rau North America tshaj ib puas xyoo dhau los. Breeders hla ntau hom ib zaugnoog thiab xaus nrog ib tug kiag li tsim thiab picky qaib. Cov yug me nyuam nyiam qhov muaj koob meej hauv peb lub tebchaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nqaij.

dab tsi yug qaib
dab tsi yug qaib

Lub Plymouth Pob Zeb muaj cov xim tshwj xeeb thiab pom tau yooj yim. Cov noog pib maj thaum nws mus txog tsib lub hlis ntawm lub hnub nyoog, thiab qhov hatchability ntawm cov tsiaj hluas tsis poob qis dua 80% cim, uas yog qhov zoo heev rau hens nrog qhov zoo incubation instinct. Nyob rau hauv lub pluses ntawm cov yug me nyuam, koj tuaj yeem sau tau ib tus cwj pwm zoo thiab kev thaj yeeb. Lawv nyob ua ke zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruj thiab tsis peck ntawm lawv tus kheej zoo.

Cov noog yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qe zoo nrog rau cov nqaij zoo. Ib qho zoo sib xws universal variant tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos thiab cov nroog hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb Russia. Ib xyoos ib tug qaib nce mus txog qhov hnyav ntawm 4 kilograms thiab nteg txog 180 qe ib xyoos.

Nqaij qaib

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqaij tsiaj thiab lwm tus yog qhov loj ntawm cov pob txha, ua ke nrog lub cev compactness. Lub plumage ntawm tus noog yog xoob, ob txhais ceg yog luv, thiab feem ntau tus cwj pwm yog phlegmatic.

Vim tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov qaib no yog nqaij ntau lawm, cov qe qe ntawm cov tsiaj muaj qis tshaj. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias instinct ntawm incubation nyob rau hauv cov qaib no ntau zoo dua tsim dua nyob rau hauv nteg hens thiab nqaij thiab qe noog.

Brahma

Brahma qaib sib txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov noog yog xyaum tsis muaj lub crest, thiab lawv ob txhais ceg yog shrouded nyob rau hauv fluffy plumage. Roosters ntawm no yug muaj ib hom dab tshos uas encircles tag nrho lub caj dab thiab nraub qaum. Thiab qhov kawg yog ib txwmcontrasts nrog lub ntsiab xim.

qe yug ntawm qaib
qe yug ntawm qaib

Muaj ntau hom brahma, tab sis tag nrho lawv hnyav tib yam: txiv neej hnyav li 4.5-5 kg, thiab poj niam hnyav txog 4 kg. Tus noog coj tus cwj pwm ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, tab sis tsuas yog nrog nws cov txheeb ze. Lawv tsis nyiam cov qhua uas tsis tau caw ib yam li ducks lossis geese, nyiam lawv tus kheej.

Cornish

Txoj no yog tsim los ntawm hla Malaysian thiab Askiv ntaus qaib. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov noog tuaj yeem pom qee zaus hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia, vim tias tsis muaj dab tsi coj los ntawm lawv tsuas yog nqaij: cov tub ntxhais hluas tau maj mam hatched thiab feathered, thiab qe me heev.

Roughly nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib tug meej kev xaiv los ntawm breeders tau ua tiav thiab qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug yug ntawm tib lub npe nrog ib tug kuj loj qe ntau lawm thiab zoo yuag. Cov poj niam hnyav 3.5-4 kg, thaum txiv neej tuaj yeem hnyav txog 5 kg.

Tom qab ntawd, nws yog hom tsiaj no uas tau coj los ua lub hauv paus rau kev yug me nyuam qaib broiler. Nws yog tenacious, picky thiab nce yuag sai heev.

Faverol

Hom no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob sai. Hauv rau lub hlis, tus poj niam hnyav yuav luag 4 kg, thiab txiv neej - 5 kg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus noog, txawm tias nws lub cev whipped, muaj lub qe tsim tau zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem tso tau txog li 160 qe hauv ib xyoos.

qaib qaib txheeb xyuas
qaib qaib txheeb xyuas

Lub ntsej muag ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws yog qhov txawv thiab qub. Lawv muaj ib txoj phuam qhwv hauv qab lawv caj pas, thiab ntau tus neeg yug tsiaj pom tus noog sab nrauv lom zem thiab kov. Tias yog vim li cas breedersLawv coj tawm ib tug subspecies ntawm fireballs - dwarf qaib, uas yuav khaws cia yuav luag nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib tus neeg laus tsis pub tshaj ib kilogram, thiab qe qe nce mus txog qhov taw qhia ntawm 200 units hauv ib xyoos. Ntxiv mus, lub caij ntuj no nws tsis txo.

Cov tsiaj tau noj hauv paus zoo hauv Middle Volga thiab nyob rau sab qab teb Lavxias teb sab, vim nws yog unpretentious rau climatic tej yam kev mob thiab kho. Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tib neeg yog kev thaj yeeb thiab kev phooj ywg. Nqaij qaib zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm lwm cov noog - geese, qaib ntxhw, ducks thiab lwm yam.

Tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb feem ntau yws txog hauv lawv cov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tsiaj yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm incubation instinct. Cov noog yuav tsum tau quab yuam tsav mus rau lub qe thiab tsim qee yam kev mob ntxiv rau lub perch. Tej yam yooj yim dua nrog lub incubator, yog li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb loj tsis muaj teeb meem zoo li no.

Pom zoo: