Aluminium ore: deposits, mining

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, aluminium ore yog cov khoom siv raw khoom xav tau tshaj plaws. Kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau nthuav dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Dab tsi yog aluminium ore thiab qhov twg nws yog mined yog piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

Kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm aluminium

Aluminium yog suav tias yog cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws. Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm deposits nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, nws nyob qib peb. Aluminium kuj tseem paub rau txhua tus raws li lub ntsiab lus hauv lub rooj zaum, uas yog cov hlau teeb.

Aluminium ore yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los ntawm cov hlau no tau txais. Nws yog tsuas yog mined los ntawm bauxites, uas muaj txhuas oxides (alumina) nyob rau hauv loj tshaj plaws - los ntawm 28 mus rau 80%. Lwm cov pob zeb - alunite, nepheline thiab nepheline-apatite kuj tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom siv txhuas, tab sis lawv tsis zoo thiab muaj cov alumina tsawg dua.

Hauv cov hlau tsis yog hlau, txhuas yog thawj. Qhov tseeb yog vim nws cov yam ntxwv nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau industries. Yog li, cov hlau no yog siv rau hauvthauj engineering, ntim khoom, kev tsim kho, rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Aluminium kuj yog siv dav hauv hluav taws xob engineering.

Kom nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas rau tib neeg, tsuas yog saib cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas peb siv txhua hnub. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntau yog ua los ntawm txhuas: cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (tub yees, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam), tais diav, khoom siv ua kis las, khoom plig, khoom siv sab hauv. Aluminium feem ntau yog siv los tsim ntau hom ntim thiab ntim khoom. Piv txwv li, cov kaus poom los yog cov thawv ntawv pov tseg.

Type of aluminium ores

Aluminium muaj nyob hauv ntau dua 250 minerals. Ntawm cov no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam yog bauxite, nepheline thiab alunite. Cia peb nyob ntawm lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Bauxite ore

Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, tsis pom txhuas ntshiab. Nws yog tsuas yog tau los ntawm txhuas ore - bauxite. Nws yog cov ntxhia uas feem ntau muaj aluminium hydroxides, nrog rau oxides ntawm hlau thiab silicon. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm alumina (los ntawm 40 mus rau 60%), bauxite yog siv los ua raw khoom rau kev tsim cov txhuas.

Lub cev muaj zog ntawm aluminium ore:

• ib qho opaque ntxhia ntawm liab thiab grey hauv ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo;
• cov qauv nyuaj tshaj plaws yog 6 ntawm cov nplai ntxhia;
• Qhov ntom ntawm bauxites, nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaj tsam ntawm 2900-3500 kg / m³.

Cov nyiaj bauxite ore yog concentrated nyob rau hauv equatorial thiab tropical aav ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Ntau qhov qub txeeg qub teg nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia.

Yuav ua li cas bauxite aluminium ore tsim

Bauxites yog tsim los ntawm monohydrate alumina hydrate, boehmite thiab diaspore, trihydrate hydrate - hydrargillite thiab nrog cov zaub mov hydroxide thiab hlau oxide.

Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tsim, muaj peb pawg ntawm bauxite ores:

1. Monohydrate bauxites - muaj alumina hauv monohydrate daim ntawv.
2. Trihydrate - cov zaub mov no muaj alumina hauv daim ntawv trihydrate.
3. Mixed - pab pawg no suav nrog cov aluminium ore yav dhau los ua ke.

Kev tso nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog tsim los ntawm huab cua ntawm acidic, alkaline, thiab qee zaum cov pob zeb yooj yim, lossis los ntawm kev maj mam tso tawm ntawm ntau cov alumina rau hauv hiav txwv thiab pas dej hauv qab.

Alunite ore

hom kev tso nyiaj no muaj txog 40% txhuas oxide. Alunite ore yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov dej phwj thiab cov ntug hiav txwv dej nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm khaus hydrothermal thiab volcanic kev ua si. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li deposits yog Lake Zaglinskoye nyob rau hauv lub Lesser Caucasus.

Pob zeb yog ntxeem tau. Nws feem ntau muaj kaolinites thiab hydromicas. Ntawm kev lag luam paj yog ore nrog cov ntsiab lus alunite ntau tshaj 50%.

Nepheline

Qhov no yog ib qho txhuas ore ntawm qhov chaw tsis pom kev. Nws yog tag nrho crystalline alkalineyug. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ntau qib ntawm nepheline ore yog qhov txawv:

• qib thawj - 60–90% nepheline; nws muaj ntau tshaj 25% alumina; Kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm sintering;
• qib thib ob - 40-60% nepheline, tus nqi ntawm alumina qis dua - 22-25%; enrichment yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm ua;
• qib peb - nepheline minerals uas tsis sawv cev rau ib qho khoom muaj nqis.

thoob ntiaj teb aluminium mining

Thaum thawj zaug, aluminium ore tau mined nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Fabkis, nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Box. Ntawm no yog lub npe bauxite los ntawm. Thaum xub thawj, ceg ntawm kev lag luam no tau tsim nyob rau hauv qeeb qeeb. Tab sis thaum tib neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo li cas ntawm txhuas ore muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim khoom, cov khoom ntawm txhuas tau nthuav dav heev. Ntau lub tebchaws tau pib nrhiav kev tso nyiaj hauv lawv thaj chaw. Yog li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb no zus tau tej cov aluminium ores pib maj mam nce. Cov nuj nqis lees paub qhov tseeb no. Yog li, yog tias xyoo 1913 lub ntiaj teb ntim ntawm mined ore yog 540 txhiab tons, ces xyoo 2014 nws yog ntau tshaj 180 lab tons.

Kuj maj mam nce tus naj npawb ntawm lub teb chaws tsim cov txhuas ore. Niaj hnub no muaj txog 30 tus ntawm lawv, tab sis dhau 100 xyoo dhau los, cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws thiab cheeb tsam tau hloov pauv tas li. Yog li, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, North America thiab Western Europe yog cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev rho tawm ntawm txhuas ore thiab nws cov khoom. Ob cheeb tsam no suav txog li 98%thoob ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas ntawm kev lag luam txhuas, lub teb chaws ntawm Eastern Europe, Latin America thiab Soviet Union tau los ua thawj coj. Thiab twb nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab 1960, Latin America tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev tsim khoom. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1980s-1990s. tau muaj kev tawg sai sai hauv kev lag luam txhuas hauv Australia thiab Africa. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no, lub ntsiab aluminium mining lub teb chaws yog Australia, Brazil, Tuam Tshoj, Guinea, Jamaica, Is Nrias teb, Russia, Suriname, Venezuela thiab tim Nkij teb chaws.

Ore deposits nyob rau hauv Russia

Raws li kev tsim cov txhuas ore, Russia nyob qib xya hauv ntiaj teb qeb duas. Txawm hais tias cov deposits ntawm aluminium ores nyob rau hauv Russia muab lub teb chaws nrog hlau nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, nws yog tsis txaus los muab tag nrho cov kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, lub xeev raug yuam mus yuav bauxite nyob rau lwm lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 50 ore deposits nyob rau hauv Russia. Tus lej no suav nrog ob qhov chaw uas cov pob zeb tau raug khawb, nrog rau cov nyiaj tso cia uas tseem tsis tau tsim.

Feem ntau ntawm cov ore reserves yog nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Ntawm no lawv nyob hauv Sverdlovsk, Arkhangelsk, Belgorod cheeb tsam, hauv Komi koom pheej. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam no muaj 70% ntawm lub teb chaws cov pov thawj ore reserves.

Aluminium ores nyob rau hauv Russia tseem mined nyob rau hauv qub bauxite deposits. Cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog Radynskoye teb hauv thaj tsam Leningrad. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv raw, Russia siv lwm cov aluminium ores,deposits ntawm uas yog txawv los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntxhia deposits. Tab sis lawv tseem tsim nyog rau kev lag luam. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Russia, nepheline ores yog mined nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, uas kuj ua rau nws tau txais txhuas.