Cov ntawv lag luam: sau piv txwv. Piv txwv ntawm tsab ntawv ua lag luam ua lus Askiv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 18:53

Nyob hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, kev muaj peev xwm sau ntawv thiab ntawv tseem ceeb heev. Thiab cov kws tshaj lij uas paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li muaj nuj nqis heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm sau ntawv hauv hom ntawv thoob ntiaj teb - ua lag luam lus Askiv. Muaj ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev sau lawv qhov tseem ceeb kom ua raws. Muaj cov cai sau ntawv ua lag luam. Piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau sau cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub tsev hais plaub lossis lwm lub koomhaum tseemfwv.

Chaw ua haujlwm

Txhawm rau ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm kom raug, ib tus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm muab cov ntaub ntawv thiab teeb tsa kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug cai. Muaj txawm tias GOST rau hom haujlwm no, uas tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab khaws cia. Ib qho kev txav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv cov accounting yog hu ua ib lub tswv yim - cov ntaub ntawv ntws. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kev tswj nyob rau hauv ib lub tuam txhab, kev txav ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv kuj yog implied. Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua lub tuam txhab muaj DOW - cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa rau kev tswj hwm. Muaj cov kws sau ntawv pab. Cov no yog cov ntawv sau, cov ntawv sau, ntawv thov thiab lwm yam sau rau txhua lub sijhawm nrog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws, piav qhia hauv daim ntawv twg los sau, piv txwv ntawm leej twg thiab yuav sau li cas. ATCov ntawv sau muaj ntau hom ntawv ua lag luam, piv txwv ntawm kev sau ntau yam ntawv thov, kev zoo siab thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam sau ntawv tau raug tsim, muaj ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sau ntawv.

Cov ntawv sau yav dhau los

Qee GOSTs, kev lag luam style ntawm kev sau ntawv, piv txwv ntawm kev lag luam kev sib tham muaj nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Peter I. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov ntaub ntawv no - "Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv rau kev tswj hwm lub xeev", thiab tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov koom haum sib txawv tau ua raws li nws. Nws yog hom kev cai dab qhuas, tsis paub qhov twg, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho system. Muaj ib tug hierarchy nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab ntau yam ministries thiab departments. Nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, muaj gradations raws li qhov degree ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tau ntawm ntau hom, uas nyob ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov koom haum lawv tus kheej. Txhua tus neeg uas sawv saum tus ntaiv hierarchical yeej ib txwm "qhib" hauv cov ntawv, thiab cov uas qis dua hauv qib "qhia" rau lub tuam tsev. Qhov sib npaug sib npaug li qhov sib npaug, kwv yees thiab tshaj tawm.

Hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, muaj cov npe sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam sau ntawv: ua, tshaj tawm, sau ntawv, tshaj tawm, kev sib raug zoo, promemoria thiab lwm yam. Cov ntawv sib txawv tau siv rau kev sib tham ntawm cov tsev sib txawv. Kev coj, kev ceeb toom, hauv lwm lo lus, tau siv rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib npaug, tab sis ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua si (lub tsev teev ntuj thiab xeev). Promemoria - nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib npaug hauv ib cheeb tsam (kev tswj hwm pej xeem). Lub denunciation tau siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lus hauv qab no. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais txog ib yam dab tsi hauv daim ntawv qhia txog cov xwm txheej. Kev sib raug zoo - tib yam li daim ntawv qhia, tab sis tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab diplomatic spheres. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sau ntawv, tus thawj coj siab tau koom nrog cov neeg nyob ze nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li kev lag luam ntawv, ib tug peculiar lag luam lus ntawm kev hais lus txhua hnub tau tsim.

History of office work

Nyob thaum ub, kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm nws tus kheej tsis tau tswj hwm los ntawm ib txoj cai lij choj. Thiab tsuas yog txij li xyoo 1720, "Txoj Cai Tswjfwm" tau tawm, uas nyob rau theem kev cai lij choj tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, lub collegial tsoom fwv systems ntawm Sweden, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Denmark tau ua tib zoo kawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm, nws tau npaj siab los ua lub hauv paus xws li kev tswj hwm hauv Sweden. Thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xeev txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd, lawv pib maj mam siv lub collegial tswj system.

Tsab ntawv thiab thov

Txij thaum ub los, tau muaj ib qho kev coj ua hauv kev sau ntawv. Ntau yam ntawv ua lag luam, piv txwv, txoj hauv kev, hom ntawv thiab kev thov, cov ntawv thiab ntau ntxiv tau tsim nyob rau ntau xyoo. Qee hom ntawv muaj lawv tus kheej keeb kwm keeb kwm. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim tias qee hom ntawv tau lees paub txog qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov tau piav qhia nyob ntawd.

Yuav sau ntawv ua lag luam li cas? Muaj cov piv txwv hauv keeb kwm. Rov qab rau hauv Byzantium, muaj cov lus qhia kom tau txais ntau tus neeg sawv cev, uas tau hais tias yog ib tus neeg sawv cev tuaj txog nrog daim ntawv pov thawj, ces cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau txais nrog txhua qhov kev qhuas, thiab yog tias lawv tsis muaj.diplomas, kom txog rau thaum pom tias lawv yog leej twg, lawv yuav raug kaw. Cov ntawv tseem ceeb yeej ib txwm khaws cia nrog cov khoom muaj nqis.

Tsab ntawv qauv

Kev sau ntawv tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Txhawm rau sau ib tsab ntawv ua lag luam, ib qho piv txwv rau qhov no yuav tsum tau kos los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv teev npe. Muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv vim li cas rau kev sau ntawv. Muaj cov ntawv uas kov ntawm ib qho teeb meem, thiab muaj cov uas daws teeb meem ntau yam. Thaum sau ntau yam, txhua txoj haujlwm tshiab yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm kab lus tshiab. Cov ntawv lag luam feem ntau muaj ntau yam hauv kev teeb tsa cov dej num lawv daws. Cov qauv txheej txheem rau kev sau ntawv yog kev taw qhia, lub cev thiab qhov xaus. Kev taw qhia nco txog cov ntaub ntawv uas ua rau tsab ntawv sau, nws hnub, tus lej, lub npe, hom ntawv. Thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb qhia txog cov laj thawj vim li cas thiaj li yuav tsum tau coj sab ntawm cov neeg thov hauv tsab ntawv, ntau cov lus sib cav tau muab los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lawv qhov kev thov.

Cov lus xaus feem ntau suav nrog ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab, xws li thov, tsis kam lees, ceeb toom.

Example

Cia peb xav txog tsab ntawv ua lag luam, piv txwv hauv Lavxias. Cov lus lag luam txawv. Xav txog yuav ua li cas ib tsab ntawv lees paub tau sau, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev lav phib xaub tawm tsam kev xav tsis thoob, pom zoo nrog qee qhov tseeb lossis tsis lees paub qhov tseeb.

Ex. No. 210913-3

Muab rau ntawm kev thov

hnub tim 21 lub Cuaj Hli 2013

Tsab Ntawv Guarantee

Los ntawm tsab ntawv no, Market Plus LLC lees paub nws qhov kev pom zoo thiab kev npaj ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus ua haujlwm nrog Valentin Viktorovich Belyaev, ntiav nws hauv peb lub koom haum ua tus tswj hwm tus lej tseem ceeb txij lub Kaum Hli 10, 2013.

Peb lav muab nws cov nyiaj hli ua haujlwm (24,000 rubles - nyiaj hli) + nyiaj hli txhua hli, sau npe raws li Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias Federation, pob nyiaj sib raug zoo: kev pov hwm tawm tsam National Assembly, them nyiaj so haujlwm thiab so haujlwm.

Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Lag Luam Ntxiv LLC	Filyaev	A. P. Filyaev
Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws	Frost	E. P. Frost

Hauv cov ntawv, koj yuav tsum ua raws li tus qauv coj ncaj ncees ob qho tib si thaum pib thiab thaum kawg. Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia kev ntseeg siab tias cov lus thov, cov lus ceeb toom qhia hauv tsab ntawv yuav raug hnov thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account. Cov ntawv ua lag luam, piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv sau npe raug sau rau hauv daim ntawv ua lag luam.

Nws tau hais hauv cov lus xaus hauv qab no:

• Cov neeg koom nrog kev lag luam sau ntawv feem ntau yog cov thawj coj thiab cov koom haum raug cai.
• Cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug tswj hwm nruj.
• Cov ntawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sau ntawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv yuav tsum yog:

• Official thiab hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov neeg koom.
• Tau hais kom koj pom lawv txhais tau tias yog leej twg.
• Up-to-date kom tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tam sim no.
• Objective andcredible thiaj li raug ntsuas qhov xwm txheej.
• Kev ntseeg thiab qhov tseeb.

Cov no yog cov cai uas cov ntawv ua lag luam yuav tsum tau ua. Piv txwv li: kev nthuav qhia tus qauv, nruab nrab ntawm lub suab, qhov tseeb thiab monotony ntawm formulation, conciseness thiab brevity, txawj siv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv ntawm cov lus, tsom siv cov ntawv sau kom raug, thiab ntau dua.

English in letters

Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tsab ntawv ua lag luam ua lus Askiv tam sim no. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lag luam tam sim no siv hom thaiv. Nws ua tau raws li cov kev cai niaj hnub no. Nws txuag lub sijhawm thiab tib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm los tswj cov ntawv sib xws ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tham. Tsab ntawv muaj cov nram qab no blocks: hnub tim, chaw nyob, npe thiab txais tos, xaus. Siv cov qauv thaiv thaum sau ib tsab ntawv yog hais txog tib yam li kev sau ntawv siv txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm.

RIVER BANK HOUSE Your ref: RM/siOur ref: DB/ap/175		67, UPPER THAMES STREET, London, EC 4 V 3AH Telex: 01 248 2217 (30 kab)Telex: 886678 LDN
Mr R. Morrison P. Marlow & Co. LTD 21 Bird StreetLondon E1 6 TM		17 maj 2007
Nyob zoo MR Morrison _Order 345 Hmoov tsis zoo, peb tseem tsis tau txais cov compurters "OPTIMA 133" uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev txiav txim no. Peb yuav ua tsaug yog tias koj tuaj yeem xa cov no sai li sai tau lossis thim rov qab peb cov nyiaj. Peb cia siab tias yuav tau hnov los ntawm koj. Koj ua siab ntev D. Barker Mr Derec BarkerManadger Encl. Order 345 Carbon luam M. Pryor

Thaum sau cov ntawv zoo li no, lawv feem ntau siv cov cim qhib, tsis muaj lub sijhawm thiab cov ntawv cim, qhov no tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Tag nrho cov no ua rau kev sau ntawv thiab nyeem ntawv yooj yim dua. Tam sim no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau kawm ib qho piv txwv ntawm tsab ntawv ua lag luam ua lus Askiv, vim hais tias hom lus no yog suav tias yog thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom hais lus txawv teb chaws. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias cov tuam txhab xav tau tsab ntawv pom zoo. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv caw, lav, thov, teb, ua tsaug, nrog rau, muab thiab lwm yam.

Reaction to letters

Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm no, ntau tus yuav tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia hauv qab no. Koj yuav tsum ceev faj heev thaum sau tsab ntawv ua lag luam. Tseeb tiag, feem ntau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev thov thiab kev txiav txim yog nyob ntawm cov lus tsim thiab sau kom raug. Ib tsab ntawv sau tsis raug muaj feem ntau yuav xaus rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab. Tsis muaj leej twg xav nkim lawv lub sijhawm muaj nuj nqis ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov kev xav zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, ua tib zoo sau ntawv ua lag luam.