2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm pom tau pom, ib tus neeg thaum kawg tuaj nrog daim ntawv thov rau lawv. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog uranium. Nws tau siv los ua tub rog thiab pej xeem lub hom phiaj. Uranium ore tau ua tiav, cov txiaj ntsig tau siv rau hauv cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish thiab iav kev lag luam. Tom qab tshawb pom nws cov xov tooj cua, nws tau pib siv lub zog nuclear. Cov roj no huv si thiab ib puag ncig zoo li cas? Qhov no tseem tab tom sib cav.
Natural uranium
Nyob rau hauv xwm, uranium tsis muaj nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab - nws yog ib feem ntawm ore thiab minerals. Lub ntsiab uranium ore yog carnotite thiab pitchblende. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb deposits ntawm lub tswv yim tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv tsawg lub ntiaj teb thiab peat minerals - orthite, titanite, zircon, monazite, xenotime. Uranium deposits tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv pob zeb nrog ib puag ncig acidic thiab siab concentrations ntawm silicon. Nws cov phooj ywg yog calcite, galena, molybdenite, thiab lwm yam.
Ntiaj teb deposits thiab reserves
Txog hnub no, ntau qhov tso nyiaj tau tshawb pom hauv 20-kilometer txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ntau tons ntawm uranium. Cov nyiaj no muaj peev xwm muab tib neeg lub zog rau ntau pua xyoo.pem hauv ntej. Cov teb chaws uas muaj uranium ore nyob rau hauv cov ntim loj tshaj plaws yog Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Canada, South Africa, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, USA, Brazil, Namibia.
Nyob ntawm uranium
Radioactivity txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ntuj uranium yog tsim los ntawm peb ntawm nws cov isotopes. Ob ntawm lawv yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov xov tooj cua. Ntuj isotopes ntawm uranium yog siv los tsim cov roj rau kev tawm tsam nuclear thiab riam phom. Tsis tas li, uranium-238 yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov plutonium-239.
Uranium isotopes U234 yog tus ntxhais nuclides ntawm U238. Lawv raug lees paub tias yog cov nquag nquag thiab muab hluav taws xob muaj zog. Lub isotope U235 yog 21 lub sij hawm tsis muaj zog, txawm hais tias nws tau ua tiav siv rau cov hom phiaj saum toj no - nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas tsis muaj cov catalysts ntxiv.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntuj, tseem muaj cov isotopes dag ntawm uranium. Niaj hnub no muaj 23 qhov paub zoo, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - U233. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qeeb neutrons, thaum tus so xav tau cov khoom ceev ceev.
Ore classification
Txawm hais tias uranium tuaj yeem pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw - txawm tias nyob hauv cov kab mob nyob - cov seams uas muaj nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom. Qhov no kuj nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rho tawm. Uranium ore yog cais raws li cov hauv qab no tsis:
- Cov xwm txheej tsim - endogenous, exogenous thiab metamorphogenic ores.
- Qhov xwm ntawm uranium mineralization yog thawj, oxidized thiab sib xyaw ore ntawm uranium.
- Asgregate loj thiabCov nplej ntawm cov zaub mov - ntxhib-grained, nruab nrab-grained, nplua-grained, nplua-grained thiab dispersed ore fractions.
- Kev siv cov impurities - molybdenum, vanadium, thiab lwm yam.
- Composition ntawm impurities - carbonate, silicate, sulfide, hlau oxide, caustobiolitic.
Vim li cas uranium ore raug cais tawm, muaj txoj hauv kev los rho tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm nws. Silicate yog ua tiav nrog ntau yam acids, carbonate - nrog dej qab zib tov, caustobiolitic yog enriched los ntawm hlawv, thiab hlau oxide yog smelted nyob rau hauv lub moj tej tawg cub tawg.
Yuav ua li cas uranium mined
Raws li hauv kev lag luam mining, muaj qee yam thev naus laus zis thiab txoj hauv kev rau rho tawm uranium los ntawm pob zeb. Txhua yam kuj nyob ntawm seb isotope nyob rau hauv lithosphere txheej. Uranium ore yog mined nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev. Kev lag luam ncaj ncees cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm pob zeb yog thaum nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntim ntawm 0.05-0.5%. Muaj mine, chaw txua txiag zeb thiab leaching txoj kev ntawm extraction. Kev siv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov isotopes thiab qhov tob ntawm cov pob zeb. Kev khawb av ntawm uranium ore yog ua tau nrog qhov tshwm sim ntiav. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tau tsawg heev. Tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov tshuab - bulldozers, loaders, cov tsheb thauj khoom siv dav siv.
Mine production nyuaj dua. Txoj kev no yog siv thaum lub caij tshwm sim ntawm qhov tob txog li 2 mais thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Lub pob zeb yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm uranium thiaj li yuav tsum tau mined expediently. Nyob rau hauv lub adit muabkev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws, qhov no yog vim txoj kev uranium ore mined underground. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau muab nrog rau tag nrho, cov sijhawm ua haujlwm nruj nruj. Cov mines tau nruab nrog elevator, txhim kho qhov cua.
Leaching yog txoj kev thib peb - qhov huv tshaj plaws los ntawm kev pom ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam mining. Ib qho tshuaj tshwj xeeb yog siv los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qhov dej drilled. Nws dissolves nyob rau hauv lub reservoir thiab ua saturated nrog uranium tebchaw. Cov tshuaj yog ces pumped tawm thiab xa mus rau kev ua cov nroj tsuag. Txoj kev no muaj kev vam meej dua, nws tso cai rau txo cov nqi kev lag luam, txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev txwv rau nws daim ntawv thov.
Kev tso nyiaj hauv Ukraine
Lub teb chaws tau dhau los ua tus tswv zoo siab ntawm kev tso nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov roj nuclear tsim tawm. Raws li kev kwv yees, uranium ores hauv Ukraine muaj txog li 235 tons ntawm raw khoom. Tam sim no, tsuas yog tso nyiaj uas muaj txog 65 tons tau lees paub. Ib qho nyiaj tau ua tiav lawm. Ib feem ntawm uranium tau siv hauv tsev, ib feem raug xa tawm.
Kirovograd uranium ore cheeb tsam yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab tso nyiaj. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm uranium yog tsawg - los ntawm 0.05 mus rau 0.1% ib tuj pob zeb, yog li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv raw tau pauv nyob rau hauv Russia rau cov roj ua tiav rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.
Qhov thib ob loj tso nyiaj yog Novokonstantinovskoye. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm uranium nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb ua rau nws txo tau tus nqi piv rau Kirovogradskoye los ntawm yuav luag 2 zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhim kho tsis tau ua txij li xyoo 90s, tag nrho cov mines raug dej nyab. Vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nom kev tswv nrog Russia, Ukraine yuav raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj roj rau nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag.
Russian uranium ore
Hais txog kev khawb av uranium, Lavxias Federation yog nyob rau hauv thib tsib ntawm lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog yog Khiagdinskoye, Kolichkanskoye, Istochnoye, Koretkondinskoye, Namarusskoye, Dobrynskoye (Public of Buryatia), Argunskoye, Zherlovoe (Chita cheeb tsam). Cheta cheeb tsam tsim 93% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab uranium tsim (tsuas yog los ntawm qhib lub qhov thiab kuv txoj kev).
Sib txawv me ntsis yog qhov xwm txheej nrog cov nyiaj tso hauv Buryatia thiab Kurgan. Uranium ore nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog tso nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus rho raw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm leaching.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, deposits ntawm 830 tons ntawm uranium yog kwv yees nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj txog 615 tons ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Cov no kuj yog deposits nyob rau hauv Yakutia, Karelia thiab lwm cheeb tsam. Txij li thaum uranium yog cov khoom siv raw khoom thoob ntiaj teb, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis raug, vim muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv raug cais tawm, tsuas yog qee pawg neeg tau nkag mus rau lawv.
Pom zoo:
Tus kws kho hniav hauv Russia khwv tau npaum li cas? Cov nyiaj hli ntawm ib tug kws kho hniav nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv ib tug ntiav tsev kho mob
Kws Kho Hniav yog ib txoj haujlwm them nyiaj siab tshaj plaws. Ua haujlwm hauv tsev kho mob ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Peb tab tom tham txog cov koom haum koom nrog kev kho hniav ntiag tug hauv Moscow. Hais txog ntau npaum li cas tus kws kho hniav nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Russia thiab lwm lub nroog tau txais, nyeem tsab xov xwm
Yuav ua li cas pub npua? Txoj cai loj hlob piglets nyob rau hauv tsev thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug npua teb
Yuav ua li cas pub npua? Yuav kom ua tiav cov tsiaj txhu ua tiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov liaj teb ntau lawm. Hauv qhov no, ob hom zaub mov tuaj yeem xav txog: qhuav thiab ntub
Cov khoom ib puag ncig ntawm zaub mov. Cov kev cai rau cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv pej xeem catering thiab nyob rau hauv lub khw
Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub lag luam ncaj qha ntsig txog cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov khoom hauv zej zog. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom ntev lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom thiab tsis lwj nws qhov zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, ob peb tus neeg yuav zoo siab thaum lawv yuav ib lub ncuav mog qab zib nyob rau hauv ib lub khw muag khoom uas muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm los yog herring
Daim ntawv teev cov khoom tsim tawm tshiab hauv Russia. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm tshiab hauv Russia. Tshiab tsim ntawm polypropylene kav nyob rau hauv Russia
Hnub no, thaum Lavxias teb sab Federation tau them los ntawm nthwv dej ntawm kev rau txim, ntau qhov kev saib xyuas tau them rau kev hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab tau qhib nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia thiab nyob rau hauv txawv nroog. Cov kev lag luam twg yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws niaj hnub no? Peb muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab kawg
Kuv puas xav tau daim ntawv teev nyiaj ntsuab rau cov neeg ua lag luam nrog cov txheej txheem se yooj yim? Yuav ua li cas rau npe thiab siv daim ntawv sau nyiaj ntsuab rau cov neeg ua lag luam nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem se yooj yim?
Kab lus piav qhia txog cov kev xaiv rau kev ua cov nyiaj tsis muaj kev koom nrog cov ntawv sau nyiaj ntsuab (CCT)
