Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steels: yam ntxwv, khoom, qib, GOST. Spring steel khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nws tsim nyog pib nrog qhov tseeb tias txhua lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm nruj thiab tsis tu ncua elastic deformation. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau qhov chaw kuj raug rau cov khoom siv cyclic. Nws yog rau cov laj thawj no uas qhov kev xav tau siab tau muab tso rau ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm elasticity, fluidity, endurance, ductility, thiab nws tseem ceeb heev kom muaj qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv kom tawg tawg.

Composition

Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau, uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov springs thiab springs suav nrog ntawm 0.5% txog 0.75% carbon. Cov kev xav tau ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Silicon cov ntsiab lus hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav txog li 2.8%;
• manganese cov ntsiab lus txog 1.2%;
• chromium alloying ncav cuag 1.2%;
• vanadium cov ntsiab lus txog 0.25%;
• alloying nrog tungsten txog 1.2%;
• nickel cov ntsiab lus txog 1.7%.

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm no tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hlau, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nplej refinement yog ua, uas ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlau tsis kam mus rau cov yas me me deformations. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem,Ua kom lub zog so ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel khoom.

Daim ntawv thov

Ntau siv dav hauv tsheb yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov qib steel xws li 55C2, 60C2A, 70C3A. Tab sis ntawm no koj yuav tsum paub tias cov khoom siv no raug rau cov teeb meem xws li decarburization lossis graphitization. Cov shortcomings yog txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv uas lawv zoo heev txo cov yam ntxwv ntawm elasticity, raws li zoo raws li lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau zam qhov tsis xws luag thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov ntsiab lus uas tau hais saum toj no tau ntxiv rau nws.

Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, sib piv rau ntau yam siliceous ntawm cov hlau, yog qib 50XFA. Cov khoom siv no tau dhau los ua feem ntau siv rau kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom hlau no feem ntau siv rau kev tsim cov valve springs, vim nws tsis raug rau decarburization. Tab sis ntawm no nws tsim nyog ntxiv tias nws muaj qhov hardenability tsawg.

caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua haujlwm

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab ntawm no tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, caij nplooj ntoos hlav lossis lwm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog cov khoom siv elastic ntawm cov khoom siv xwb. Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lawv elasticity yog txiav txim los ntawm tus tsim nta. Qhov taw qhia txiav txim siab ntawm no yuav yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov lem, lawv txoj kab uas hla, nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg yog yas deformation. Qhov no feem ntau tsis pub nyob rau hauv springs, thiab yog li ntawd los ntawm cov khoom siv rauzus tau tej cov springs, siab cuam tshuam lub zog los yog ductility Performance index tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau yog lub elasticity parameter. Lub sab sauv txwv ntawm tus yam ntxwv no yuav tsum loj heev. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua, cov hlau yog hardened ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom yog tempered ntawm qhov kub ntawm 300-400 degrees Celsius.

Properties

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel yog fluidity (elasticity). Tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm qhov ntsuas kub uas tau teev saum toj no. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov khoom raug tempered ntawm xws li qib, ces lub temper brittleness ntawm cov khoom kawg yuav nyob rau hauv thawj qhov kev txiav txim. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, kev cuam tshuam lub zog tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Lwm yam khoom ntawm steel txhawj txog nws cov khoom xyaw. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov ntsiab lus carbon nyob rau hauv nws yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv lwm yam alloys. Txawm hais tias, thaum piv nrog cov cuab yeej steel, nws tseem tsawg dua.

Manganese thiab silicon yog siv rau cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke. Rau ntau lub luag hauj lwm springs los yog springs, chromium thiab vanadium yog siv los ua additives. Ob yam no ua rau lawv nce elasticity. Nws tuaj yeem ntxiv tau tias txhawm rau ua tiav cov khoom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, cov hlau feem ntau raug quenching hauv roj lossis dej.

Hom thiab qib ntawm steel

Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel qib tau muab faib ua ntau pawg. Muaj cov khoom siv dav dav. Cov no suav nrog qib 65, 70, 75, U9A. Cov khoom no yog siv los ua cov springs rau cov cav tov nrogntu me. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom no suav nrog lawv qhov txo qis kev so.

Silicon steel qib 55C2, 60C, 60C2 yog siv los tsim cov ntsiab lus xws li cov springs thiab springs siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb kev lag luam, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb ciav hlau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ntxiv ntawm no hais tias cov ntsiab lus no nquag decarburization. Cov hlau no tsis muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Lwm hom hlau yog complex alloyed. Cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe 50XFA thiab 60C2XFA. Kev siv cov khoom siv no yog siv rau yog tias tsim nyog los tsim cov springs lossis springs rau qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom no yog mus txog +300 degrees Celsius.

Koj tuaj yeem hais txog lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb steel. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom lag luam ntawm chav kawm martensitic 30X13, 40X13. Lawv yog siv rau zus tau tej cov pa springs los yog springs, txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel ntawm qib no yog tias nws muaj zog tiv thaiv corrosion, nce kub tsis kam (txog 550 degrees Celsius), nrog rau cov khoom sib nqus.

GOST qhov xav tau

Rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel, nrog rau lwm yam khoom sib txawv, GOST tau txais yuav. Nws teev tag nrho cov kev cai hais txog cov khoom. Piv txwv li, cov kev cai hauv qab no tau piav qhia nyob rau ntawd.

• Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom xws li tooj liab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.2%. Thiab qhov seem ntawm cov nickel yuav tsum tsis txhobsiab dua 0.25%.
• Rau qib steel xws li 60S2G, muaj ib qho kev xav tau cais uas hais tias tag nrho cov seem ntawm leej faj thiab phosphorus yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.06%.
• Ib qib steel xws li 51XFA raws li GOST yog npaj rau kev tsim cov hlau caij nplooj ntoos hlav xwb.
• GOST caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel kuj tau sau tseg tias, los ntawm ib tus neeg txiav txim ntawm tus neeg siv khoom, feem ntau ntawm manganese muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau tuaj yeem raug txo, txawm tias cov tshuaj uas tau teev tseg hauv cov lus muaj nyob hauv tib daim ntawv. Qhov no yog muab hais tias cov hlau tsis tau alloyed nrog chromium thiab npib tsib xee.

Corrosion resistant steel

Ib qho ntawm cov qib tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj steel txawv nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj zog tiv thaiv corrosion. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov txheej txheem uas rhuav tshem nws, ob qho tib si chromium thiab npib tsib xee ntxiv rau nws hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 13 mus rau 27% thiab 9 txog 12%, feem. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov hlau alloy siab.

Lub ntsiab austenite-forming keeb hauv cov khoom zoo li no yog npib tsib xee. Thaum manganese, piv txwv li, muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tsim ntawm austenite, cov nyhuv ntawm nws siv yuav luag ob zaug qis dua. Yog tias thaj av austenitic yuav tsum tau nthuav dav ntxiv, cov tshuaj xws li carbon lossis nitrogen tuaj yeem siv.