Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel: piav qhia, yam ntxwv, hom thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steels yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv siab ntawm elasticity. Qhov ntsuas no muaj cov qib carbon thiab alloyed hlau.

Alloyed thiab carbon cov ntaub ntawv

Cov khoom siv no yog siv los tsim cov khoom nruj (lub zog) elastic. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwj xeeb daim ntawv thov no yog hais tias lub siab modulus elasticity ntawm cov hlau no heev txwv lub elastic deformation ntawm ib feem, uas yuav ua los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hom khoom no yog high-tech thiab tib lub sij hawm pheej yig heev. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb kev tsim kho, hom khoom siv no kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ntau yam khoom siv. Feem ntau, cov khoom uas tau ua los ntawm cov hlau no yog hu ua ib lub npe - lub hom phiaj dav dav hlau hlau.

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tsim nyog ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog elasticity, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel muaj qhov txwv siab ntawm tsis tsuas yog elasticity, tab sis kuj endurance, nrog rau kev so kom txaus.

Properties

TauTxhawm rau kom ua tiav cov kev xav tau xws li kev ua siab ntev, elasticity thiab so kom txaus, cov khoom siv nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon siab. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv cov khoom siv yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.5 txog 0.7%. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov hom hlau no kom quenching thiab tempering. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua cov txheej txheem no ntawm qhov kub ntawm 420 txog 520 degrees Celsius.

Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel, hardened rau martensite, muaj ib tug tsawg coefficient ntawm elasticity. Nws nce ho tsuas yog thaum tempering, thaum lub troosite qauv tsim. Cov txheej txheem tau lees tias qhov nce ntawm cov ductility ntawm cov hlau, nrog rau nws cov pob txha toughness. Ob yam no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo tau qhov rhiab heev rau kev ntxhov siab concentrators nrog rau kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom. Nws tuaj yeem ntxiv tau tias isometric hardening rau qis bainite kuj yog tus yam ntxwv zoo.

Knives

Riam caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws rau qee lub sijhawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tswv tsheb. Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ntse tau ua tiav los ntawm cov qhov qub qub uas tau dhau los ua tsis tau siv rau hauv lub tsheb. Kev siv riam ua los ntawm cov khoom siv txawv txawv no tau ua tiav ob qho tib si rau ntau yam kev xav tau hauv tsev thiab rau kev txiav cov zaub mov li niaj zaus hauv chav ua noj. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov nthuav dav no poob tsis yog lub caij nyoog. Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj vim li cas lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hlau ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev ua riam zoo hauv tsev.

thawj yog vim li casQhov tseeb hais tias, vim tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev, xws li nthuav dav raws li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav feem ntau thiab sai sai poob rau hauv disrepair. Vim li no, ntau tus tswv tsheb muaj ntau ntawm cov nodes. Cov khoom tsuas yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub garages. Kev nkag mus tau yog thawj qhov laj thawj.

Qhov thib ob yog vim li cas yog qhov tsim ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas suav nrog ob peb nplooj ntawv ntawm carbon steel. Nws yog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ib khub riam.

Qhov thib peb yog vim li cas qhov siab elasticity ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua cov khoom siv nrog cov cuab yeej tsawg tsawg.

ntaj riam

Ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas cov hlau no tau siv dav rau kev tsim cov riam yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Hauv kev tsim khoom, qhov sib xyaw no hu ua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel 65G. Raws li lub npe qhia, cov khoom siv no tau siv dav rau kev tsim cov nplooj ntoos hlav, springs, washers, thiab lwm yam. Tus nqi ntawm cov qib steel tshwj xeeb no yog suav tias yog ib qho qis tshaj ntawm cov khoom siv carbon. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nws cov yam ntxwv, uas yog, lub zog, yooj thiab toughness, yog nyob rau hauv lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hardness ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej kuj nce. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau no kuj ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim riam.

Steel 65G

Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel 65G yog cov txheej txheem high-carbon steel, uas tau muab raws li GOST 14959. Cov qib no yog nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg caij nplooj ntoos hlav steels. obCov kev cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau hom hlau no yog lub zog siab saum npoo, nrog rau kev nce elasticity. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub zog tsim nyog, txog li 1% manganese ntxiv rau cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev ntsuas uas yuav tsum tau ua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev kho cua sov kom zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm qib no.

Kev siv dav thiab siv tau zoo ntawm cov hlau no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev lag luam alloyed, uas yog, pheej yig. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no yog cov khoom xws li:

• carbon, cov ntsiab lus uas yog los ntawm 0.62 txog 0.7%;
• manganese, cov ntsiab lus uas tsis pub dhau 0.9 txog 1.2%;
• chromium thiab nickel cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.25 txog 0.3%.

Lwm yam khoom uas yog ib feem ntawm cov hlau - sulfur, tooj liab, phosphorus, thiab lwm yam. Cov no yog impurities, feem pua ntawm cov uas yog tswj los ntawm lub xeev tus qauv.

kev kho cua sov

Muaj ntau hom kev kho cua sov rau hom hlau no. Ib qho ntawm lawv raug xaiv raws li cov kev xav tau ntau lawm uas siv rau cov khoom tiav. Feem ntau siv yog ob txoj kev kho cua sov uas lav cov khoom xav tau los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm qhov pom. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog normalization thiab hardening ua raws li tempering.

Thaum ua kev kho cua sov, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raugxaiv qhov ntsuas kub, nrog rau lub sijhawm xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau xaiv cov yam ntxwv no kom raug, koj yuav tsum pib los ntawm qib steel siv. Txij li cov khoom ntawm qib 65G belongs rau hom hypoeutectide, cov khoom no muaj austenite, nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog ib qho me me ntawm ferrite. Austenite yog cov khoom siv nyuaj dua li cov qauv ntawm ferrite. Yog li ntawd, rau kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau 65G, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj qhov qis qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Muab qhov tseeb no, cov ntsuas no rau hom hlau no ntawm 800 txog 830 degrees Celsius.

Tempering mode

Yuav ua li cas rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tawv tawv? Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, xaiv lub sijhawm kom raug, thiab suav nrog lub sijhawm thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm hnub so. Txhawm rau muab cov hlau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog, uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov txheej txheem yav tom ntej rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntu, nws tsim nyog nqa tawm qhov tsim nyog hardening. Txhawm rau xaiv hom tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem no, lawv vam khom cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Tsis yog txoj kev quenching tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog cov cuab yeej siv los ua kom sov cov hlau.
• Xaiv qhov ntsuas kub xav tau.
• Xaiv lub sijhawm tsim nyog rau cov hlau tawv tawv.
• Xaiv qhov nruab nrab rau cov txheej txheem hardening.
• Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv cov cuab yeej zoo rau kev ua kom txias tom qab txheej txheem hardening.

caij nplooj ntoos hlav qib

Kev muab cov hlau rau kev tsim cov springs yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm strips. Tom qab ntawd, blanks raug txiav los ntawm nws, hardened, tso tawm thiab sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel qib, xws li 65, 70, 75, 80, thiab lwm yam, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv cov kev so tsis muaj zog, qhov tsis zoo no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom thaum lub caij sov. Cov qib steel no tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig uas siab tshaj 100 degrees Celsius.

Muaj cov nqi pheej yig silicon qib 55C2, 60C2, 70C3A. Lawv yog siv los ua cov springs los yog springs, thickness uas yuav tsis pub tshaj 18 mm.

Rau cov qib hlau zoo dua tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi 50HFA, 50HGFA. Thaum piv nrog silicon-manganese thiab silicon cov ntaub ntawv, ces thaum lub sij hawm tempering kub yog ntau dua - txog 520 degrees. Raws li cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm no, cov qib steel no yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm kev kub siab ua haujlwm nrog rau qhov qis qis qis.