Npua zaub mov: piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev yug nyuj yog ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tseem yog muab pub rau cov tsiaj loj loj (ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb) cov tsiaj nyeg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev daws qhov teeb meem nyuaj no yog ua los ntawm fodder cereals. Kev sib txawv, kev noj zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig, kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag pab kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Tsev neeg ntawm cereals muaj yuav luag xya puas thiab rau caum genera thiab ntau tshaj kaum ib thiab ib nrab txhiab hom. Lawv muaj kev siv sib txawv:

• zaub mov (nplej, rye thiab lwm yam);
• zaub mov (Timothy nyom, pab pawg hedgehog thiab lwm tus)
• siv los ua khoom siv hauv tsev (xyoob);
• rau ntawv tsim (papyrus);
• raws li txoj kev tswj av yaig (cov hauv paus muaj zog tso cai rau cov xuab zeb dunes kho);
• nyom (qhov twg trampling kuj yuav tsum tau);
• decorative (tsuas yog rau kho cov nyom loj lossis chaw ua si).

Cereals yuav protrudethiab zoo li cov nroj tsuag. Lawv clog cov qoob loo, zaub vaj, jam lwm yam cultivated nroj tsuag. Ib tug neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog wheatgrass. Txawm hais tias nws yog cov nyom no uas feem ntau txiav rau quav nyab thiab siv dav hauv kev yug nees.

Qhov tseeb, cov nroj tsuag zaub mov yog cov nyom los ntawm tsev neeg cereal uas siv los ua zaub mov rau tsiaj ua liaj ua teb. Nws tuaj yeem yog quav nyab, zaub zaub ntsuab, pasture, silage lossis grain.

Lawv tau faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb, loj hlob tiag tiag ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, suav nrog Antarctica. Qhov no yog ib qho aboriginal hu ua antarctic pike, los yog Antarctic meadow, thiab ib qho kev qhia yog ib qho bluegrass txhua xyoo. Hauv tebchaws Russia, kwv yees li 30% ntawm thaj chaw sown yog nyob los ntawm cov qoob loo qoob loo. Ntuj thiab cultivated pastures yog dav siv.

Nws nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cereals. Lawv yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua hom tsiaj ua liaj ua teb. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim ib tug txhim khu kev qha fodder puag nyob rau hauv tsis muaj los yog tsis muaj tej yam ntuj tso hayfields thiab pastures, tsis siv sown fodder grasses. Nyob rau hauv agronomy, lawv siv lawv lub peev xwm los hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, enriching nws thiab ua kom cov qoob loo tom ntej.

Nyob ntawm cereals

Tsev neeg ntawm cov zaub mov noj yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj ntau yam kev faib:

by life expectancy:

- txhua xyoo;

- perennial;

by hom tillering:

- rhizome;

- xoob hav;

- dense bush;

bysawv qhov siab:

- caij;

- semi-mounted;

- nyom;

los ntawm hom kev cog qoob loo:

- kab lis kev cai;

- wild.

Kev piav qhia ntawm cereals:

• Stem. Hu ua straw, feem ntau hollow, sib cais los ntawm knots. Yeej, cov ntaub yog mos, tsis-ntoo, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntoo zoo li cov ntaub ntawv - xyoob. Nws loj hlob sai, qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 30 meters.
• Kev khiav tawm. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov vegetative thiab generative. Ceg hauv thaj tsam inflorescence lossis hauv thaj chaw tillering.
• Nyob. Nqaim, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj petiole, sessile, qhov chaw mos tsis kaw. Tawm ntawm txhua qhov ntawm ib qho los ntawm ib qho, tig. Teem nyob rau hauv ob kab lus ntawm lub qia.
• Roots. Lub kaw lus yog fibrous, zoo absorbing thiab khaws cia dej thiab as-ham.
• Inflorescences. Muaj ntau hom: panicles, pob ntseg, cobs, txhuam, sultans (spike panicles). Feem ntau inflorescence muaj ntau lub paj.
• Paj. Raws li txoj cai, bisexual (muaj ib tug pistil thiab stamens), inconspicuous, me me, tsis muaj meej meej perianth. Tus kheej los yog cua pollinated.
• Txiv. Nws yog hu ua caryopsis (colloquially - grain), lub pericarp yog xyaum inseparable ntawm cov noob, lub zes qe menyuam yog ib leeg-nested (muaj ib tug ovule nyob rau hauv tib lub kab noj hniav).

Reproduction tshwm sim vegetatively, los ntawm noob los yog kev pab los ntawm rhizomes.

Perennial

Perennial fodder nyom hlob nyob rau hauv ntuj pastures thiab hayfields, siv nyob rau hauv cov nyom sib tov. Cov neeg sawv cev: hedgehog, ryegrass,timothy, bonfire, awnless, foxtail thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob zoo thiab tsim cov qoob loo rau ntau lub caij. Los ntawm pes tsawg xyoo nws tshwm sim:

• luv luv - 2-3 xyoos;
• ntev ntev - 4-5 xyoos;
• ntev ntev - siab dua 5 xyoos.

Txhua cov nyom nyom nyom yog ntoo khaub lig-pollinated. Cua pollination tshwm sim thaum sawv ntxov teev. Rau cov nplej nyom, cov noob qoob loo yog ib txwm.

Nyob ib xyoos

Txoj kev noj zaub mov txhua xyoo nyob ib xyoos. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no muaj xws li mogar, pob kws, Sudanese nyom, txhua xyoo ryegrass, African millet, sorghum, oats thiab lwm yam.

Lawv feem ntau sown hauv cov khoom sib tov xws li sorghum rau silage. Sudanese nyom tsim cov qoob loo zoo heev nrog cov ntsiab lus protein ntau. Mogar tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ntsuab conveyor. Nws pib raug sau thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ntuav panicles, nws yog noj los ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb. tsiaj thiab noog.

Vim zoov

Npua zaub mov kuj tuaj yeem ua qus. Cov nroj tsuag no tau nthuav dav hauv thaj chaw steppe thiab hav zoov-steppe. Lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj tseem ceeb tsis yog rau cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov tsiaj qus ungulates. Lub hauv paus fibers ruaj ntseg tuav cov av, khaws cia qhov dav dav ntawm steppes hauv lawv daim ntawv qub.