2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Kab lus no yog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau 20X13: cov yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov, cov khoom, hloov pauv thiab txawv teb chaws analogues. Kab lus no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg uas xav paub txog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub ncauj lus no hauv lub sijhawm luv luv yam tsis tas siv sijhawm.
Deciphering steel
Yog li, cia peb pib nrog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Kev txiav txim siab cov qib steel kom raug yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam alloys.
Vim tias Soviet naming system thiab GOSTs tseem siv nyob rau hauv domestic metallurgy, kiag li txhua qib steel yog deciphered raws li kwv yees li tib lub ntsiab cai. Hlau 20X13 yog deciphered yooj yim heev:
- Tus lej 20 (lossis 2 nyob rau qee kis) qhia txog tus nqi ntawm lub ntsiab alloying hauv cov hlau - carbon.
- tsab ntawv X txhais tau tias cov hlau muaj tsawg kawg yog chromium.
- Tus lej 13 qhia qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj yav dhau los.
Tom qab qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam saum npoo zoo li no, tsuas yog los ntawm kev nyeem cov qib steel, nws pom tseeb tias peb muaj cov khoom siv hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon (kwv yees li 0.2%) thiab chromium (kwv yees li 13%). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv no twb txaus siab tso cai rau peb los txiav txim cov yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm steel 20X13.
Steel composition
Tam sim no cia saib qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau uas muaj hlau - nws muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, leej twg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nrog qhov raug siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas suav nrog hauv cov hlau 20X13. Lawv cov npe yog raws li nram no:
- Carbon - 0.2% - lub caij uas tsis muaj hlau tsis tuaj yeem muaj nyob. Nws yog tus uas muab cov hlau mos lub zog thiab hardness. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qib no, cov hlau tseem yog cov ductile thiab machinable, qee zaum txawm tias tsis muaj preheating.
- Silicon - 0.6% - ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov hlau thiab tso cai rau nws kom ua tau zoo dua rau overheating.
- Manganese - 0.6% - ib qho ntxiv hauv ntau qhov kev hwm zoo ib yam li yav dhau los, txawm li cas los xij, manganese tsis tsuas yog ua kom cov tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau, tab sis kuj ua rau nws cov tawv tawv.
- Nickel - 0.6% - dua ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas ua rau kom cov thermal stability ntawm steel, nws tag nrho cov ductility thiab lub zog.
- Chromium - 13% - tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tsawg dua li cov pa roj carbon monoxide, vim tias chromium yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub zog ntawm cov hlau, nws cov corrosion kuj, hardenability thiabkev coj ua.
Nyob rau theem no, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv tias 20X13 yog cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm rau qhov kub siab, yog tias, tau kawg, nws tau muab piv nrog lwm cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj resistant rau corrosion thiab oxidation vim nws cov ntsiab lus chromium siab.
Yog tias koj paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau 20X13, kev siv cov hlau no yuav tsum tsis pub leejtwg paub. Nrog rau qib siab ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cov no yuav yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Steel production
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nws daim ntawv qub, hlau tsis haum rau kev siv, yog li cov nroj tsuag metallurgical tsis tsuas yog smelt lub alloy, tab sis kuj muab nws ib yam zoo li. Ua li no, ntau lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem ua tiav ib zaug:
- zoo li steel yog yooj yim khaws cia.
- Nws yooj yim dua rau kev thauj mus los.
- Cov neeg siv khoom paub ua ntej seb daim ntawv twg ntawm cov khoom lawv yuav yog qhov nyiam tshaj.
Rau steel 20X13, GOSTs muab rau ntau qhov kev xaiv molding:
- Txoj kab ntau yam ntsuas.
- Steel strip.
- Steel tape.
- Steel sheet of ntau thicknesses.
- Nyob.
- Cov kav dej ntau txoj kab.
- steel hlau.
Siv steel 20X13
Cov hlau no yog siv feem ntau rau kev tsim cov bolts zoo tib yam thiab cov txiv ntoo ntawm ntau txoj kab uas hla thiab kev teeb tsa. Hauv daim teb no ntawm steel 20X13, nws nquag pabcorrosion kuj. Qhov thib ob yog lub zog. Muaj cav rotors, turbine hniav thiab lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb yog tsim los ntawm 20X13 alloy. Qhov thib peb cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov yog kev tsim kho ntawm furnaces. Txij li thaum 20X13 yog cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, nws txoj kev siv hauv cov txheej txheem no yog ntau tshaj li kev ncaj ncees, vim qee cov qib ntawm cov hlau yuav tsuas poob lawv cov khoom qub. Tab sis qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov hlau no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm no. Qhov thib peb, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau 20X13 yog kev ua cov khoom siv roj av ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv.
Kev hloov pauv
Nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho kev xav tau zoo li metallurgy, tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom lag luam ntawm ntau lawm. Rau txhua qib ntawm steel, muaj ib qho kev hloov uas tag nrho los yog ib feem sib haum mus rau tus thawj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Rau steel 20X13, muaj xws li cov qib hloov:
- 12X13 - steel nrog qis carbon cov ntsiab lus, uas yog me ntsis offset los ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm silicon thiab manganese.
- 14X17H2 - alloy nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam additives, characterized los ntawm ib tug me ntsis siab carbon ntsiab lus, ntxiv additives ntawm titanium, tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee. Cov qib zoo sib xws ntawm cov hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua thiab, piv txwv li, tib daim ntawv hlau ntawm qib no yuav zoo dua rau kev tsim khoom.
Txawv teb chaws analogues
Qhov kev xav tau rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau txhua qhov chaw, yog linyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm txawv teb chaws, lawv tus kheej zus tau tej cov steels yog tsim, feem ntau zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg rau txawv teb chaws counterparts. Rau steel 20X13 txawv teb chaws muaj cov nram qab no analogues:
- Tebchaws Meskas - 420 thiab S42000;
- Japan - SUS420J1;
- Europe - Х20Cr13;
- China - 2Cr13.
Paub cov npe no, txhua tus, txawm hais tias lawv nyob qhov twg, tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom lag luam los ntawm qib siab xav tau hauv khw ze tshaj plaws.
Pom zoo:
CVG steel: muaj pes tsawg leeg, daim ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv
Kawm metallurgy thiab tag nrho nws cov subtleties, koj tsis yeem pib muaj kev xav tsis thoob kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau npaum li qhov ua tau thiab siv sijhawm me ntsis thiab siv zog li sai tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kab lus no tshwm sim. Nws muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntsig txog CVG steel: txiav txim siab lub cim, kawm txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev siv cov hlau no, nrog rau kev mus ncig luv luv rau hauv cov hlau hloov pauv thiab txawv teb chaws analogues. Txhua yam koj xav tau nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw rau txhua tus neeg yooj yim
Tooj liab phaj, ntawv ci, daim kab xev: ntau lawm, yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov
Tooj liab yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm ntau lawm
Steel qib R6M5: yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov
Ua ntej pib tsim riam, tus tswv yuav tsum paub meej txog txhua yam ntawm cov hlau uas cov khoom kawg yuav ua rau yav tom ntej. Txhua tus neeg hlau, tshwj tsis yog cov analogues, uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no, yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov khoom, uas txhais tau hais tias nws cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov xim yog R6M5 steel, cov yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov uas peb yuav piav qhia hauv qab no
Daim ntawv teev cov hlau tsis-ferrous: yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai heev yog tias tus txiv neej tsis pom txoj hauv kev rau kuv thiab ua ntau yam hlau. Thiab yog tias thaum xub thawj qhov no tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm ntuj nuggets dag ncaj qha rau saum npoo av, tom qab ntawd tsis ntev cov npe ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau uas tib neeg tau tswj kom "tame" pib nthuav dav. Thawj qhov kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau pom tias txhua yam khoom muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab lawv cov kev siv
Kh12F1 steel: yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov
Kab lus no tsuas yog kev zam txim rau cov neeg nyeem ib feem me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom hlau X12F1, nws daim ntawv thov nta, muaj pes tsawg leeg, analogues thiab ntau lwm yam, uas tau tham txog. hauv qab no
