Gas-shielded arc welding: thev naus laus zis piav qhia, hom, txoj hauv kev

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Gas shielded arc vuam yog ib txoj hauv kev uas txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ua haujlwm zoo. Cov tshuab no muaj ntau yam nta. Ua ntej siv nws, tus tswv yuav tsum paub nws tus kheej nrog cov hauv paus ntawm arc vuam, uas yog nqa tawm hauv ib puag ncig tiv thaiv roj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab no yuav tham tom qab.

Txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem

Ib qho ntawm cov subspecies ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, cov khoom ua haujlwm yog cov roj-shielded arc vuam. GOST tswj cov txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm cov roj nkag mus rau lub melting point. Nws tuaj yeem yog argon, oxygen, nitrogen lossis lwm yam. Muaj qee yam ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no.

Txhua tus welder paub tias qhov zoo ntawm lub vuam tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov kev txawj ntawm cov vuam, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov melting point. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsuas yog cov khoom siv electrode thiab muab tub lim yuav tsum muaj nyob ntawm no. Yog lwm tus tuaj ntawm nocov ntsiab lus, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau vuam. Qhov taw tes soldering yuav tsis muaj zog txaus vim qhov no.

Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm phau ntawv roj tiv thaiv arc vuam hnub rov qab rau xyoo 1920. Kev siv cov tshuaj no tso cai rau koj los ua cov seams yam tsis muaj slag. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm siab purity, tsis them nrog microcracks. Txoj kev no tau nquag siv hauv kev lag luam thaum tsim ntau yam khoom los ntawm cov hlau.

Tshwj xeeb feem ntawm cov roj tiv thaiv tso cai rau koj los daws kev ntxhov siab hauv thaj chaw yaj. Tsis muaj qhov pores ntawm no, uas txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm soldering. Lub seam yuav muaj zog dua.

Hauv kev lag luam thaum lub sijhawm vuam, cov pas nrig sib xyaw nrog argon thiab carbon dioxide yog siv. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no, lub arc ua tas li, tiv thaiv thaj tsam yaj ntawm cov ntawv sau. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txuas cov ntawv nyias nyias.

Yog xav tau kev nkag mus tob, carbon dioxide thiab oxygen sib xyaw. Qhov no muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj oxidizing zog, tiv thaiv lub seam los ntawm porosity. Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem uas koom nrog kev siv cov roj sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm vuam. Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no.

vuam txheej txheem

Muaj ntau hom roj shielded arc vuam. Ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb yog siv. Thawj ntawm cov no suav nrog kev siv cov spiers melting. Ib tug tam sim no dhau los ntawm lawv, thiab tus pas nrig melts vim qhov no, tsim ib tug muaj zog seam. Cov ntaub ntawv no muab kev cog lus ruaj khov.

Cov txheej txheem thib ob suav nrogua arc vuam nyob rau hauv shielding roj nrog ib tug tsis-consumable electrode. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tam sim no kuj dhau los ntawm tus pas nrig, tab sis cov khoom siv txuas nrog vim yog melting ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw, blanks. Cov khoom siv electrode tsis dhau los ua ib feem ntawm qhov vuam.

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo li no, cov roj sib txawv tau siv:

• Inert. Cov khoom zoo li no tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis muaj xim. Atoms muaj lub plhaub ntom ntom ntawm electrodes. Qhov no ua rau lawv inertia. Inert gases muaj xws li argon, helium, thiab lwm yam.
• Active. Lawv yaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau dawb paug, reacting nrog nws. Cov xov xwm no suav nrog carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam.
• sib tov. Qee cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau siv ob hom roj av. Yog li ntawd, vuam siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm ob qho tib si nquag thiab inert gases.

Xaiv qhov nruab nrab gaseous, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau, tus nqi-zoo ntawm tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej, nrog rau cov khoom ntawm soldering. Lwm yam nuances yuav raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Nrog rau kev siv cov roj inert, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub arc yog txhim kho, tso cai rau sib sib zog nqus melting. Cov khoom zoo li no tau pub rau hauv thaj chaw yaj hauv ob peb lub kwj deg. Yog hais tias nws khiav parallel mus rau tus pas nrig, nws yog lub hauv paus ntws. Tseem muaj sab thiab concentric dav hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj tuaj yeem muab tau rau lub tshuab txav txav tau nruab rau saum qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum arc vuam, uas tshwm sim hauv chav da dej, qhov ntsuas cua sov tau lees paub rau kev tsim cov vuam ntawm cov qauv xav tau, zoo thiab loj.

xaiv hom

Sib phimCov kev cai ntawm GOST, gas-shielded arc vuam tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv ntau hom. Rau qhov no, feem ntau, kev siv semi-automatic hom inverters yog yuav tsum tau. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob, nws qhov voltage.

Inverter semiautomatic cov khoom siv ua lub zog. Tej zaum lawv yuav txawv ntawm lub zog, nrog rau kev xaiv. Kev ua tau zoo txawv ntawm tus qauv. Rau feem ntau cov haujlwm niaj hnub uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau vuam ntawm cov tuab lossis tsis tshua siv cov alloys, siv cov tshuab yooj yim.

Tsis siv neeg roj-shielded arc vuam txawv los ntawm ntau qhov tsis muaj:

• kab hluav taws xob.
• kab diam.
• hluav taws xob.
• Voltage.
• Tus nqi pub dawb.
• Gas noj.

Cov hom semi-automatic uas muaj roj-shielded arc vuam kuj muab faib ua hauv zos thiab dav. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub shielding gas ntws los ntawm lub nozzle mus rau hauv lub vuam cheeb tsam. Qhov kev xaiv no yog siv ntau zaus. Cov vuam hauv zos tuaj yeem koom nrog cov khoom sib txawv, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yuav tsis txaus siab.

Thaum siv cov pa roj hauv zos, huab cua tuaj yeem nkag mus rau thaj tsam yaj. Qhov no txo qhov zoo ntawm cov seam. Qhov loj dua lub workpiece yuav tsum tau welded, qhov tshwm sim yuav phem dua thaum siv cov txheej txheem no.

Yog tias koj xav tau vuam qhov loj, cov khoom siv hauv cov huab cua raug tswj. Ntawm lawvcua yog nqus tawm, lub tshuab nqus tsev yog tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj uas xav tau los ntawm kev siv tshuab yog pumped rau hauv chamber. Vuam yog ua los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj.

Npaj rau vuam

Yuav kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem rau kev koom nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj-shielded arc vuam. Vuam yuav tsum tau npaj kom raug. Cov txheej txheem no yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam, tsis hais txog kev siv tshuab vuam. Ua ntej, cov npoo yog muab qhov tseeb geometry. Qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm GOST 14771-76.

Mechanized gas-shielded arc welding yog siv los ua kom tiav cov hlau, uas tso cai rau koj mus txuas tag nrho cov npoo ntawm lub workpiece. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Yog tias muaj qee qhov indentation, txiav npoo, vuam tuaj yeem ua rau lub workpiece uas nws thickness tsis tshaj 11 hli.

Txhawm rau nce cov khoom lag luam hauv cov txheej txheem vuam tsis siv neeg, txiav cov npoo ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj qhov nqes hav yog nqa tawm.

Tom qab vuam hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide, nws yuav tsim nyog los ntxuav tag nrho lub dav hlau ntawm seam los ntawm cov av thiab slag. Txhawm rau ua kom cov pa phem tsawg dua, cov chaw raug kho nrog cov sib txuas tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau cov no yog aerosols uas yog txau rau hauv cov hlau. Tsis tas yuav tos kom qhuav.

Cov khoom qub xws li cov kab, tacks, staples, thiab lwm yam yog siv thaum lub sij hawm tom qab kev sib dhos.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Phau ntawv thiab tsis siv neeg roj tiv thaiv arc vuam muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.shortcomings.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog:

• Qhov zoo ntawm cov seam yog siab heev. Lwm txoj kev vuam tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov no.
• Feem ntau cov shielding gases kuj pheej yig, yog li cov txheej txheem vuam tsis ua ntau kim dua. Txawm tias pheej yig gases muab kev tiv thaiv zoo.
• Ib tus kws paub txog kev siv vuam uas yav dhau los siv lwm txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem yooj yim paub txog cov thev naus laus zis no, yog li txawm tias lub tuam txhab loj nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm coob tuaj yeem hloov qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm maneuvers.
• txheej txheem yog universal, tso cai rau koj mus welding ob nyias thiab tuab nplooj ntawm hlau.
• Productivity yog siab, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim khoom.
• Cov txheej txheem yog siv tsis yog rau vuam ferrous nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tsis yog-ferrous hlau thiab alloys.
• Cov txheej txheem vuam thaum siv cov roj tiv thaiv da dej yog yooj yim los txhim kho. Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm phau ntawv mus rau tsis siv neeg.
• Cov txheej txheem vuam tuaj yeem hloov kho rau txhua yam ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Tsis siv neeg thiab phau ntawv roj-shielded arc vuam muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:

• Yog tias vuam tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov nruj ntawm lub chamber. Txwv tsis pub, cov roj tiv thaiv yuav dim.
• Yog tias vuam tau ua hauv tsev, lub tshuab ua pa zoo yuav tsum tau nruab ntawm no.
• Qee yam roj av kim (xws li argon). Nws tsatus nqi tsim khoom, nce tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.

Ntau hom roj

Arc vuam hauv cov roj thaiv thaiv yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv. Tej zaum lawv yuav ua haujlwm lossis tsis ua haujlwm. Cov tom kawg suav nrog cov khoom xws li Ar, Nws thiab lwm yam. Lawv tsis yaj hauv hlau, tsis txhob hnov qab.

Inert gases yog siv rau vuam aluminium, titanium thiab lwm yam khoom nrov. TIG vuam yog siv rau cov hlau uas nyuaj rau yaj.

Cov roj hluav taws xob tseem siv tau rau hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo li no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, pheej yig ntau yam yog feem ntau siv, piv txwv li, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws siv hauv vuam yog carbon dioxide. Rau tus nqi, qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj av feem ntau siv thaum lub sijhawm vuam yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Argon tsis yog nplaim taws thiab tsis tawg. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov vuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
• Helium yog nkag rau hauv lub tog raj kheej nrog kev tiv thaiv kom siab, uas ntawm no mus txog 150 atm. Cov roj yog liquefied ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ncav -269ºС.
• Cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog cov pa roj uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab tsis muaj xim. Cov tshuaj no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm flue gases. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv rau qhov no.
• Oxygen yog ib yam khoom uas txhawb kev combustion. Nws tau txais ntawmpab txias los ntawm cua.
• Hydrogen ua tawg ntawm kev sib cuag nrog huab cua. Thaum tuav cov khoom zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Cov roj tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab pab cov txheej txheem ignition.

Txoj kev vuam hauv carbon dioxide, nitrogen

Arc vuam nyob rau hauv shielding roj nrog ib tug consumable electrode yog nqa tawm siv carbon dioxide. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem pheej yig tshaj plaws, uas yog qhov xav tau zoo niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cua sov nyob rau hauv lub melting cheeb tsam, CO₂ hloov mus rau hauv CO thiab O. Los tiv thaiv nto los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative, silicon thiab manganese muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau.

Qhov no kuj ua rau qee qhov tsis yooj yim. Silicon thiab manganese react nrog ib leeg, tsim slag. Nws tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm seam, yuav tsum tau tshem tawm. Qhov no yooj yim ua. Qhov xwm txheej no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov vuam.

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, cov dej raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tog raj kheej, uas nws tig dua. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau ib ntus. Yog hais tias qhov no manipulation tsis ua, lub seam yuav ntxeem tau. Nws lub zog muaj zog yuav qis.

Gas shielded arc vuam tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov pa roj nitrogen. Cov tshuab no yog siv rau kev sib tsoo tooj liab blanks lossis stainless hlau qhov chaw. Nrog rau cov hlau no, nitrogen tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Thaum vuam, graphite lossis carbon electrodes yog siv. Yog tias cov tungsten hu tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no, qhov no ua rau lawv siv nyiaj ntau dhau.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej kom raug. Nws nyob ntawm qhovcomplexity ntawm vuam, hom khoom thiab lwm yam kev mob. Cov khoom siv feem ntau siv nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 150-500 A. Nws tsim ib qho arc ntawm 22-30 V, thiab cov roj ntws ntawm 10 l / min.

txheej txheem vuam

Gas shielded arc vuam yog ib qho txheej txheem zoo. Tab sis txhawm rau ua tiav qhov no, tus tswv yuav tsum ua kom tiav tag nrho cov kev xav tau muab los ntawm cov qauv rau cov txheej txheem no. Cov txheej txheem no txawv me ntsis ntawm lwm cov tswv yim, uas tus tswv yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Ua ntej, cov hlau yog npaj rau txheej txheem vuam. Thaum siv cov cuab yeej no, cov txheej txheem no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau qhov tshwm sim, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ua. Tom ntej no, cov cuab yeej raug kho raws li cov kev ntsuas vuam. Lub thickness thiab hom khoom yog muab rau hauv tus account.

Thaum cov khoom npaj txhij, lub arc yog ignited. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tshwm sim. Qee hom kev vuam cuam tshuam nrog preheating lub workpiece. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua ntej qhib lub qhov cub, uas cov hlau tau kho ua ntej.

Thaum lub pas dej weld pib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub arc, pib pub cov hlau. Rau qhov no, cov cuab yeej yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb feeder. Nws xa cov hlau mus rau hauv qhov chaw yaj ntawm ib qho ceev. Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua kom ntev seam, qhov no yog qhov yooj yim, txij li lub arc tsis tas yuav tawg. Rau qhov no, siv cov electrode uas tsis yog-fusible, uas tswj cov arc rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Yog tias vuam tau ua tiav siv tam sim no, nws cov polarity yuav tsum thim rov qab. Qhov no txo qhov yuav tshwm simspattering, tab sis hlau noj nce. Lub deposition coefficient thaum siv cov txheej txheem no tau txo qis heev. Nrog ncaj polarity, nws nce 1.5 npaug.

Yuav tsum coj tus da dej ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis (yog tus tswv yog sab xis). Qhov no yuav qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm seam tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua qhov kev ua yuav tsum tau ua rau koj. Lub seam yog tsim yooj yim, tus tswv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tsav lub tshuab smoothly ntawm qhov ceev ceev.

Lub arc tawg tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov vuam txav. Qee zaum, tom qab kev tswj hwm zoo li no, yuav tsum muaj cua sov ntxiv.

khoom siv

Arc vuam hauv cov roj thaiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txheem thiab tseem muaj qhov hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob.

Vuam chav tsev yog nruab nrog lub tshuab xaim xaim. Kuj tseem muaj cov chav nyob rau muab cov pa roj rau thaj tsam melting siv hoses los ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Cov txheej txheem vuam yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov tam sim no. Lub stability ntawm lub arc nyob ntawm qhov raug kho. Cov hlau pub ceev kuj yog adjustable. Cov chav nrov tshaj plaws rau cov vuam zoo li no yog:

• "Impulse 3A". Nws yog siv rau vuam aluminium, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog qhov ua haujlwm qis ntawm cov cuab yeej. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau vuam ferrous hlau, nrog rau ua qab nthab seams.
• "PDG-502". Siv rau solderingcarbon dioxide. Cov cuab yeej txhim khu kev qha thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Powered los ntawm ob qho tib si 220 V thiab 380 V. Fais fab tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm 100 A txog 500 A.
• URS 62A. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv vuam nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Feem ntau siv rau vuam aluminium, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua cov titanium.

Kev tiv thaiv

Vuam siv roj yog qhov phom sij heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov khoom tawg. Yog li ntawd, tus welder yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej thaum ua haujlwm. Lawv yuav tsum npog daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag, thiab tsis pub tus tswv nqus pa phem.

Txawm tias qhov vuam siv sijhawm luv luv tau ua tiav hauv lawv lub tsev nres tsheb, tus tswv yuav tsum siv lub npog ntsej muag tshwj xeeb, lub tshuab ua pa thiab leggings tiv taus cua sov. Hauv qhov no, kev ua haujlwm yuav raug ua nyob rau hauv hom kev nyab xeeb, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim.