Tshuaj nickel plating - nta, thev naus laus zis thiab cov lus pom zoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Technologies rau metallization ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov qauv yog dav nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho. Ib txheej txheej ntxiv tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm kev puas tsuaj sab nraud thiab cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm cov khoom. Ib qho kev kho mob zoo li no yog electroless npib tsib xee plating, uas muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab ruaj khov uas yog cov neeg kho tshuab thiab corrosion resistant thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm ib ncig ntawm 400 ° C.

Technology nta

Nrog rau cov tshuaj nickel-based tshuaj plating, muaj cov txheej txheem electroplating thiab electroplating. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nag lossis daus yuav tsum tam sim ntawd raug ntaus nqi rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv kev xav. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm nickel txo nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm sodium hypophosphite nyob rau hauv ib tug saline tov nrog ntxiv dej. Hauv kev lag luam, chemical nickel plating technologies feem ntau yog siv nrog kev sib txuasactive acidic thiab alkaline tebchaw, uas nyuam qhuav pib cov txheej txheem nag lossis daus. Cov txheej txheem kho nyob rau hauv no acquires ib ci iab metallized tsos, cov qauv ntawm uas yog ib tug ua ke alloy ntawm npib tsib xee thiab phosphorus. Cov thev naus laus zis, ua nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom kawg hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj qhov ntsuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tsawg. Cov tshuaj acid thiab alkaline tuaj yeem muab cov coefficients sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus phosphorus - thawj txog 10%, thiab qhov thib ob - txog 5-6%.

Lub cev zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kuj tseem nyob ntawm seb cov khoom no muaj pes tsawg. Qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm phosphorus tuaj yeem yog li 7.8 g / cm3, qhov hluav taws xob tsis kam yog 0.60 ohm mm2 / m, thiab cov ntsiab lus melting ntawm 900 txog 1200 °. Los ntawm txoj kev kho cua sov ntawm 400 °, lub hardness ntawm lub deposited txheej yuav nce mus txog 1000 kg / mm2. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog adhesion ntawm lub workpiece nrog cov qauv nickel-phosphorus kuj tseem yuav nce ntxiv.

Raws li kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj npib tsib xee plating, tsis zoo li ntau lwm txoj kev tiv thaiv plating, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm cov duab nyuaj. Hauv kev xyaum, thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv rau coils thiab sab hauv ntawm cov kav dej ntau hom. Cov txheej txheej yog thov sib npaug thiab raug - tsis muaj qhov khoob thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag hauv cov txheej tiv thaiv. Hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ua rau cov hlau sib txawv, kev txwv tsuas yog siv rau txhuas, tin, cadmium thiab zinc. Conversely, nickel phosphorus deposition yog pom zoo rau ferrous hlau, txhuas thiabtooj liab qhov chaw.

Nickel plating txoj hauv kev daws teeb meem alkaline

Alkali nag lossis daus muab cov txheej txheej nrog cov neeg kho tshuab siab, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hloov tau yooj yim thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li nag lossis daus ntawm nickel hmoov. Muaj ntau cov zaub mov txawv uas tau npaj nyob ntawm seb hom hlau ua tiav thiab nws lub hom phiaj. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj nickel plating tshuaj no feem ntau yog siv raws li hauv qab no:

• YCitric acid sodium.
• YSodium hypophosphite.
• Ammonium (chlorinated).
• Nickel.

Ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 80-90 °, cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 9-10 microns / teev, thaum lub deposition yog nrog los ntawm active evolution ntawm hydrogen.

Cov txheej txheem rau kev npaj daim ntawv qhia nws tus kheej yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev sib cais ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov khoom xyaw saum toj no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj nickel plating yuav yog sodium hypophosphite. Nws yog poured rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm txog 10-20 g / l los ntawm lub sij hawm thaum tag nrho lwm cov Cheebtsam yog yaj, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog coj mus rau lub zoo hom.

Txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb rau kev npaj cov txheej txheem tso rau hauv cov tshuaj alkaline. Cov hlau dawb huv yog ntxuav thiab dai yam tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb.

Kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau thiab cov qauv rau txheej tsis muaj cov lus hais. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem, koj tuaj yeem kho cov tshuaj los ntawm kev ntxiv tib lub sodium hypophosphite los yog25% ammonia. Hauv qhov thib ob, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov ntim da dej loj, ammonia tau qhia los ntawm lub tog raj kheej hauv lub xeev gaseous. Lub raj roj hmab yog muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv thiab cov khoom ntxiv tau ncaj qha los ntawm nws hauv hom txuas mus rau qhov xav tau sib xws.

Nickel plating nrog acid daws

Piv rau alkaline xov xwm, kua qaub media yog yam ntxwv los ntawm ntau yam additives. Lub hauv paus ntawm hypophosphite thiab nickel ntsev tuaj yeem hloov kho nrog sodium acetate, lactic, succinic thiab tartaric acids, nrog rau Trilon B thiab lwm cov organic compounds. Ntawm cov coob ntawm cov formulations siv, cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj nickel plating los ntawm acid deposition:

• YSodium hypophosphite.
• Nickel sulphate.
• YSodium carbonate.

Tus nqi tso nyiaj yuav zoo ib yam 9-10 microns / teev, thiab pH tus nqi raug kho nrog 2% sodium hydroxide tov. Qhov kub yog tswj nruj me ntsis hauv 95 °, vim tias nws qhov nce tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej tawm ntawm npib tsib xee nrog nag lossis daus. Qee lub sij hawm txaws cov tshuaj los ntawm lub thawv kuj pom.

Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb tsuas yog yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm sodium phosphite hauv nws yog li 50 g / l. Hauv lub xeev no, nickel phosphite nag lossis daus yog ua tau. Thaum cov kev daws teeb meem ncav cuag qhov siab saum toj no, cov tshuaj yog drained thiab hloov nrog ib qho tshiab.

Thaum cua sovkev ua?

Yog tias lub tshuab ua haujlwm xav tau los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm hnav tsis kam thiab tawv, kev kho cua sov ua haujlwm. Qhov nce hauv cov khoom no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nickel-phosphorus nag lossis daus tshwm sim, ua raws li kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg tshiab. Nws pab txhawb kom nce hardness hauv cov qauv ntawm txheej.

Nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, muaj qhov hloov pauv hauv microhardness nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo tsis yog nyob rau hauv txhua qhov sib xws nrog kev nce lossis txo qhov kub ntawm cov cua sov. Thaum tshav kub kub kho nyob rau hauv chemical nickel plating ntawm 200 thiab 800 °, piv txwv li, lub microhardness index yuav tsuas yog 200 kg / mm2. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hardness yog mus txog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 400-500 °. Hauv hom no, koj tuaj yeem suav ntawm kev muab 1200 kg / mm2.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua yam hlau thiab cov hlau tsis yog, raws li txoj cai, kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem siv tau. Piv txwv li, kev txwv txiav yog txwv rau cov hlau thiab cov hlau alloys uas twb tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem hardening thiab normalization. Ntxiv rau qhov no yog qhov tseeb tias kev kho cua sov hauv huab cua tuaj yeem pab tsim cov xim tint uas hloov ntawm golden mus rau ntshav. Txo qhov kub thiab txias mus rau 350 ° yuav pab txo qis cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 45-60 feeb xwb nrog lub workpiece ntxuav ntawm cov kab mob. Kev polishing sab nrauv yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

khoom siv ua haujlwm

Kev tsim khoomCov thev naus laus zis no tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab kev lag luam. Nyob hauv tsev, cov tshuaj npib tsib xee plating tuaj yeem teem caij rau hauv ib lub enameled steel da dej los yog tais. Qee lub sij hawm cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog siv lub hauv ob sab rau cov thawv hlau zoo tib yam, ua tsaug rau qhov chaw muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkalis.

Nrog rau kev siv lub peev xwm txog li 50-100 litres, auxiliary enameled tanks resistant to nitric acids kuj siv tau. Raws li rau hauv ob sab phlu nws tus kheej, nws lub hauv paus yog npaj los ntawm waterproof universal kua nplaum (piv txwv li, "Moment" No. 88) thiab hmoov chromium oxide. Ib zaug ntxiv, hauv tsev, cov hmoov sib tov tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem hloov nrog emery micropowders. Txhawm rau txhim kho thiab ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv thov, huab cua kom qhuav nrog lub tsev plaub hau tshuab lossis rab phom cua sov yog xav tau.

Kev tshaj lij tshuaj nickel plating kev teeb tsa tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab muaj qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj cov npog tshem tau. Cov txheej txheem raug tshem tawm tom qab txhua qhov kev kho mob thiab ntxuav nyias nyias hauv nitric acid. Lub ntsiab tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no tuaj yeem hu ua lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pob tawb thiab kev ncua (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel), uas pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom me me.

Nickel plating txheej txheem rau stainless hlau thiab acid-resistant hlau

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog txhawm rau txhawm rau hnav tsis kam thiab tawv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nrog rau muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Qhov no yog tus qauvchemical nickel plating txheej txheem rau cov hlau uas tau raug alloyed thiab tab tom npaj rau siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nruj. Kev npaj ib feem yuav muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem txheej.

Rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, ua ntej ua kom zoo dua hauv qhov chaw anode hauv cov tshuaj alkaline yog siv. Cov workpieces yog mounted rau hangers nrog kev sib txuas ntawm sab hauv cathodes. Qhov hnyav yog nqa tawm hauv lub thawv nrog 15% caustic soda tov, thiab qhov kub ntawm electrolyte yog 65-70 ° C. Txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem tsis muaj qhov khoob, electrolytic thiab chemical nickel plating ntawm stainless hlau yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tswj xyuas qhov ceev tam sim no (anodic) txog 10 A / dm2. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem nws txawv ntawm 5 mus rau 10 feeb nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov. Tom ntej no, lub workpiece yog ntxuav hauv dej txias thiab decapitated nyob rau hauv dilute hydrochloric acid li 10 vib nas this ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 °. Qhov no yog ua raws li tus txheej txheem alkaline nag lossis daus.

Non-ferrous nickel plating

Cov hlau uas muag muag thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg kuj tau npaj tshwj xeeb ua ntej ua. Cov npoo yog degreased thiab, qee zaum, polished. Yog hais tias lub workpiece twb raug nickel plating ua ntej, cov txheej txheem pickling nyob rau hauv ib tug 25% dilute tov nrog sulfuric acid kuj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1 feeb. Cov ntsiab lus raws li tooj liab thiab nws cov alloys raug pom zoo kom ua tiav hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau electronegative xws li txhuas thiab hlau. Technically, xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke yog muab los ntawm kev ncua lossis cov xaim tenacious.los ntawm tib yam khoom. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, qee zaum hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib qho kov ntawm cov hlau mus rau qhov chaw tooj liab txaus kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.

Tshuaj nickel plating ntawm txhuas thiab nws cov alloys kuj muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, pickling ntawm workpieces nyob rau hauv ib tug alkaline tov yog npaj, los yog qhia meej yog ua rau ib tug nitrogen-based acid. Kev kho ob zaug zincate kuj tseem siv tau, uas yog npaj nrog zinc oxide (100 g / l) thiab caustic soda (500 g / l). Qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau khaws cia tsis pub dhau 20-25 ° C. Thawj txoj hauv kev nrog rau qhov immersion ntawm qhov yuav kav 30 vib nas this, thiab tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ntawm etching zinc precipitate hauv nitric acid pib. Qhov no yog ua raws li qhov thib ob, twb 10-thib ob dhia dej. Nyob rau theem kawg, txhuas yog ntxuav nrog dej txias thiab npib tsib xee-plated nrog nickel-phosphorus tov.

Cermet Nickel Plating Technology

Rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom no, txoj kev dav dav ntawm ferrite nickel plating yog siv. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj, ib feem yog degreased nrog ib tug daws ntawm soda tshauv, ntxuav nrog dej kub thiab etched rau 10-15 feeb nyob rau hauv ib tug cawv tov nrog ntxiv ntawm hydrochloric acid. Tom ntej no, lub workpiece yog rov ntxuav nrog dej kub thiab ntxuav nrog mos abrasives los ntawm sludge. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej pib cov txheej txheem tshuaj npib tsib xee plating, cermet yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm palladium chloride. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem nrog 1 g / l yog siv rau saum npoo nrog txhuam. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua ob peb zaug thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm qhuav tom qab txhua qhov dhau.

Rau nickel plating siv lub thawv nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj nickel chloride (30 g / l), sodium hypophosphite (25 g / l) thiab sodium succinic acid (15 g / l). Qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 95-98 °, thiab pom zoo hydrogen coefficient ntawm 4.5-4.8. tooj liab-plated electrolyte. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj tshuaj lom neeg, lub workpiece yog tuav kom txog thaum ib txheej ntawm 1-2 microns tsim. Ntau hom ceramics, quartz ntsiab, ticond thiab thermocond kuj tuaj yeem raug ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, plating nrog palladium chloride, cua kom qhuav, immersing nyob rau hauv ib tug acid tov thiab boiling yuav tsum tau.

Nickel plating tshuab hauv tsev

Technically, kev ua haujlwm nickel plating tuaj yeem teeb tsa yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, raws li tau sau tseg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nres tsheb, nws yuav zoo li no:

• Ua noj lub lauj kaub loj nrog lub enamelled sab hauv.
• Npaj qhuav reagents rau cov tshuaj electrolytic nyob rau hauv lub thawv enameled yog tov nrog dej.
• Cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw yog boiled, tom qab uas sodium hypophosphite ntxiv rau nws.
• Lub workpiece yog ntxuav thiab degreased, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj, tab sis tsis txhob kov cov nto ntawm lub thawv - uas yog, hauv qab thiab phab ntsa.
• Ntawm nickel plating hauv tsev yog txhua yamcov cuab yeej yuav ua los ntawm cov khoom siv improvised. Rau tib txoj kev tswj hwm, koj tuaj yeem muab lub bracket tshwj xeeb (yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric) nrog lub clamp, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov rau 2-3 teev.
• Rau lub sijhawm saum toj no, cov khoom xyaw tseem tshuav hauv lub xeev kub.
• Thaum lub sijhawm thev naus laus zis ntawm npib tsib xee plating dhau, ib feem raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau rinsed nyob rau hauv dej txias diluted nyob rau hauv slaked txiv qaub.

Nyob hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem nickel phaj hlau, tooj dag, txhuas, thiab lwm yam. Rau tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov hlau, cov tshuaj electrolytic uas muaj sodium hypophosphite, npib tsib xee sulfate lossis chloride, nrog rau cov kua qaub, yuav tsum tau npaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov hmoov lead additive.

Zaj lus

Muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab txoj hauv kev rau nickel plating hauv cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, tab sis kev siv sodium hypophosphite yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov tsis xav tau los nag, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab lub cev ntawm cov txheej txheem nrog lub thickness ntawm txog 20 microns. Ntawm chav kawm, tshuaj nickel plating ntawm cov hlau yog nrog los ntawm qee qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kho. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis zoo, tab sis cov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov chaw muaj zog, acidic nitrogen-raws li ib puag ncig nrogkub txog li 35 ° C. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pliaj flaws, tab sis kuj rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho tsis tu ncua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv txheej.