Installation "Smerch" - tus successor ntawm lub legendary "Katyusha"

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Thaum xyoo 1983 Tebchaws Meskas tau txais MLRS MLRS, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov yam ntxwv yog piv rau Soviet Uragan system siv rov qab rau xyoo 1975, NATO lub tebchaws tau txiav txim siab tias lawv tau ntes nrog Soviet Union hauv ntau lub foob pob hluav taws. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho surprise tos lawv. Plaub xyoos tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1987, Smerch installation tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.

History of Creation

Nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab, ntxiv rau cov haujlwm ib txwm ua ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej, riam phom, cov neeg ua haujlwm, lub tshav dav hlau thiab lub hauv paus, nws kuj tau ua haujlwm nrog kev rhuav tshem cov foob pob hluav taws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom qhov tseeb thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov hluav taws kub. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau ua los ntawm tus tsim chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Tula State Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Khoom Lag Luam "Splav", uas tau tsim ntau lub foob pob hluav taws hauv Russia. Alexander Nikitovich Ganichev tau los ua tus tsim qauv, thiab tom qab nws tuag -Denezhkin Gennady Alekseevich.

Tsim thiab nta

Thaum pib ua haujlwm, cov neeg tsim qauv tau ntsib ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov foob pob ua ntxaij launchers nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub ntiaj teb no, pib nrog lub legendary Katyushas, poob lawv lub ntsiab kom zoo dua raws li cov firing ntau ntau - lawv yuav tsis ntaus lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv salvo, loj dispersion ntawm rockets cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus no, thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb, kev kho lub dav hlau ntawm cov mos txwv hais tau siv rau hauv lub suab thiab lub kaum sab xis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cov kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb, qhov raug ntaus yog ob thiab peb zaug siab dua li qhov zoo sib xws ntawm txawv teb chaws ntau lub foob pob hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov projectile siv lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog ntau dua propulsion. Tag nrho cov kev tsim kho tshiab no tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab tias Smerch kev teeb tsa yog riam phom ntawm qib tshiab, uas tsis muaj qhov sib piv ntawm ntau yam thiab muaj peev xwm tawm tsam hluav taws, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsheb tub rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm.

Ambition

RZSO "Smerch" - kev teeb tsa hluav taws kub. Nws muaj 12 qhov kev taw qhia cov raj, feem, 12 foob pob hluav taws ntawm ntau hom muaj nyob rau hauv cov mos txwv load. Cia peb xav txog qee yam ntawm lawv. Lub 9M55K projectile muaj lub taub hau nrog cov ntsiab lus tawg. Tsim los rhuav tshem cov tsheb tsis muaj phom sij thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw qhib. Lub 9M55K1 projectile muaj cov submunitions rau tus kheej. Tsim los rhuav tshem armored tsheb los saum toj no thiablub tank. Rockets 9M55K3 thiab K4 yog siv los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv lub tank mining, feem. Lub 9M55K5 warhead yog nruab nrog 646 cumulative-fragmentation submunitions. Lawv nkag mus rau 120 mm ntawm homogeneous armor thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cov tub rog caij tsheb kauj vab tsiv hauv cov tsheb tub rog sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm armored. Lub foob pob hluav taws 9M55F muaj lub taub hau tawg tawg tawg tau tawg. Nws rhuav tshem cov neeg ua haujlwm, chaw sib txuas lus, chaw ua haujlwm hauv tsev, chaw ua tub rog-kev lag luam. Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws rau Smerch yog 9M55S, nruab nrog lub taub hau thermobaric (lub npe hu ua foob pob tawg, lossis lub foob pob tawg). Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev xeem hauv lub xeev, qhov twg qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws txoj kev siv tau raug txiav txim, raug cais tawm.

Tam sim no, raws li cov mos txwv saum toj no, cov foob pob hluav taws tshiab nrog kev sib tw ntau ntxiv ntawm 90 mais tau tsim. Ib qho ntxiv uas tsis yog-tus qauv warhead yuav tsum raug sau tseg. Qhov no yog lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav dav hlau, uas yog tsim los saib xyuas cov yeeb ncuab thiab ua kev tshawb nrhiav ib nrab ib teev, thiab tseem muaj qhov tsis muaj zog vim nws qhov me me.

Composition of the MLRS complex

Lub Smerch volley launcher muaj 9A52 sib ntaus sib tua tsheb raws li plaub-qag siab-hloov-lub teb chaws chassis ntawm MAZ-543 tsheb. Ib pob ntawm 12 tubular qhia tau teeb tsa rau ntawm nws, muaj xov tooj cua sib txuas lus, thiab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob kuj nyob. Txhawm rau rub lub launcher yog sivthauj-loading tsheb nrog lub Performance index 9T234, kuj nyob rau hauv lub MAZ-543 chassis. Lub export version ntawm MLRS muab, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, hloov lub tsheb "Tatra-816". Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, muaj ib tug zoo-tsim kev pab cuam ntawm lub tuam txhab no. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev teeb tsa, cov hauv qab no yog siv: AUO complex (Tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws) 9S729M1 "Slepok-1" ntawm KamAZ-43114 chassis ("Tatra-T815"); tsheb rau topographic daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas (index 1T12-2M, GAZ-66); Meteorological direction-nrhiav complex 1B44 "Ulybka" ("Ural-43203").

Lub teb chaws muaj riam phom nrog MLRS

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, peb cov tub rog ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij artillery tau armed nrog lub Smerch installation. Lub 336th regiment tseem nyob rau hauv Belarus tom qab 1991, lub 337th nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab lub 371st nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Ntxiv rau cov xeev saum toj no, kev teeb tsa tau ua haujlwm hauv Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Peru thiab Turkmenistan. Ib feem ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov tebchaws no tau muab ncaj qha los ntawm Rosoboronexport, thiab qee qhov tau muag los ntawm Soviet stocks los ntawm Ukraine thiab Belarus. Tuam Tshoj tsim Smerch foob pob ua ntxaij launchers raws li daim ntawv tso cai ntawm nws tus kheej chassis.

Kev cog lus kev txhim kho

Lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab tau tsim nyob rau niaj hnub Russia. Ib daim duab ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yog nthuav tawm rau koj mloog. Qhov no yog lub installation ntawm Kama ntawm lub tshiab KamAZ-6350 chassis nrog 6 cov lus qhia es tsis txhob ntawm 12, uas yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv lub MAKS-2007 aerospace qhia. Kev txhim kho ntawm RZSO tshiab tseem tab tom ua.tiam ntawm "Tornado", uas yuav sai sai no coj lub luag hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab nyob rau hauv lub armed rog ntawm lwm lub xeev.