Ultrafiltration dej yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los ntxuav cov dej yog yuam nws los ntawm cov khoom siv semi-permeable. Cov txheej txheem lim raug cais raws li qhov loj ntawm cov khoom sib cais:

• microfiltration los ntawm daim nyias nyias nrog qhov pore loj ntawm 0.05 txog 10 microns;
• ultrafiltration - pores ntawm 0.001 µm txog 0.05 µm;
• reverse osmosis thiab nanofiltration - pores 1 nm thiab hauv qab.

Ultrafiltration dej yog tsim los tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab macroscopic inclusions los ntawm nws uas tsis dhau los ntawm lub qhov hws ntawm daim nyias nyias.

Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua ntawm cov lim dej rov qab yog ua raws li kev nqus dej huv. Ultrafiltration yog zoo ib yam li sifting los ntawm ib tug ntxeem tau sieve, qhov twg tag nrho cov hais ntawm txoj kab uas hla loj yog sib cais.

Cov Hom Membrane

Lim cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntawv tiaj tus lossis cov fibers nrog cov hlab ntsha. Los ntawm yav dhau los, feem ntau ultrafiltration ntawm cov dej khib nyiab yog nqa tawm, thiab tom kawg yog npaj raukev kho dej.

Cov fibers yog tsuas yog ua ib leeg-channel, nrog rau sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.8 hli. Lawv raug kev ntxhov siab ntau zaus thiab tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev rov qab los. Multi-channel fibers muaj ntau yam capillaries thiab muaj zog heev.

Membranes yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer xws li polyestersulfone. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Qhov dav pH ntawm cov kua ua tiav ua rau nws tuaj yeem ntxuav cov lim dej kom zoo.

Polymer daim nyias nyias yuav tsum tau decontaminated ib ntus, vim microbes nyiam noj cov organic teeb meem thiab tsim cov cheeb tsam ntawm nws.

Ntev-ntev ceramic membrane, uas yog ntxuav zoo nrog detergents. Nws tus nqi siab dua, tab sis kev pabcuam lub neej ncav cuag 10 xyoo.

filtration method

Ultrafiltration dej system muaj cov modules ntim nrog hollow ntxeem tau fibers. Thawj cov kua nkag mus rau hauv capillaries, tom qab ntawd pom tshwm los ntawm sab phab ntsa. Rov qab pub kuj tseem ua tau.

Flushing yog ua los ntawm cov lim dej nrog nws cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Uniform faib cov kua sab nraud ntawm cov fibers kom tshem tawm cov deposits los ntawm capillaries. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv txoj cai flushing hom kom cov kab mob kis tau yooj yim tshem tawm.

Cov lim dej ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ob hom, ib qho yog siab: dej yog nkag mus rau lub casing ntawm lub cuab yeej nyob rau hauv siab. Txoj kev immersion yog ua los ntawm cov membranes qis rau hauv lub thawv qhib. Lub tshuab nqus tsev yog tsim nyob rau sab qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov kua yog nqus los ntawm cov khoom lim.

Modules tau teem caij ntsug. Cov dej nkag mus rau lawv los ntawm ib qho kawg, thiab tawm ntawm lwm qhov. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov modules nyob rau hauv ib lub lim feem ntau tsis tshaj ob units. Vim li no, tsawg dua gaskets yuav tsum tau, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm leaks. Vertical modules yooj yim los tswj thiab sim. Lawv yooj yim rau nruab thiab tshem tawm.

lim hom

Thaum ultrafiltration dej ua tiav, cov ntxaij lim dej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv hom tuag-kawg thiab tangential. Hauv thawj kis, tag nrho cov dej nkag tau raug ntxuav. Cov deposits los ntawm daim nyias nyias raug tshem tawm ib ntus thaum lub sij hawm ntws los yog nrog cov kwj deg. Lub membrane fouls sai sai thiab lub siab poob thoob plaws nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom tsawg, uas txo cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub apparatus. Cov txheej txheem yog siv rau kev kho dej, nrog rau qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm kev ncua.

Nyob rau hauv hom tangential, lim nruab nrab circulates raws li daim nyias nyias thiab me me deposits rau ntawm nws. Lub turbulence ntawm ntws nyob rau hauv lub mov channel ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus purify dej nrog ib tug siab concentration ntawm suspended teeb meem. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov nce ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob los tsim kom muaj tus nqi ntws siab thiab yuav tsum tau nruab cov kav dej ntxiv.

Ultrafiltration parameters

Qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm ultrafiltration yog:

1. Kev xaiv - qhov piv ntawm impurity concentrations hauvCov dej tsis huv (C_in.) thiab hauv cov lim dej (C_out.): R=(1 - C_{out./ С}in._{) ∙ 100%. Rau cov txheej txheem ultrafiltration, nws yog qhov loj, uas tso cai rau koj los ntxiab cov khoom me me, suav nrog cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob.}
2. Lim noj - tus nqi ntawm cov dej huv hauv ib lub sijhawm.
3. Tshwj xeeb filtrate noj - tus nqi ntawm cov khoom dhau los ntawm 1 m 2 ntawm thaj chaw membrane. Nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub lim dej thiab qhov purity ntawm cov dej.
4. Membrane siab poob - qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud thiab sab filtrate.
5. Permeability yog qhov piv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntws tus nqi ntawm cov lim dej thiab lub siab poob thoob plaws daim nyias nyias.
6. Hydraulic efficiency - qhov sib piv ntawm tus nqi ntws ntawm cov lim dej thiab cov khoom siv dej.

Ultrafiltration rau dej tua kab mob

Cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv rau kev tshem tawm cov kab mob muaj xws li thev naus laus zis siv cov tshuaj reagents. Ultrafiltration dej muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev sib cais ntawm microorganisms thiab colloids los ntawm nws vim qhov me me ntawm daim nyias nyias pores. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev yog tshem tawm cov corpses ntawm microorganisms, algae, organic teeb meem thiab txhua yam hais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev kho dej tshwj xeeb, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej. Txhua yam koj yuav tau ua yog khiav nws los ntawm 30 micron mechanical filter.

Thaum yuav cov lim dej, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov pore qhov loj ntawm daim nyias nyias. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab mob tag nrho, lub qhov taub yuav tsum nyob rau theem ntawm 0.005 µm. Rau qhov loj qhov pore loj, cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua haujlwmyuav tsis khiav.

Ntxiv rau, kev siv tshuab ultrafiltration muab dej kom meej. Tag nrho cov khoom raug tshem tawm raug tshem tawm tag nrho.

Ultrafiltration dej installation muaj cov khoom siv txuas nrog rau tib lub sijhawm, uas muab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab muaj peev xwm hloov lawv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Dej purification ua ntej ion pauv lim

Resin tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm kev khaws cia 0.1-1.0 µm colloidal hais, tab sis lawv ceev nrooj clog cov granules. Flushing thiab rov tsim dua tshiab yog pab me ntsis ntawm no. Nws yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb los tshem tawm cov khoom ntawm SiO _{2, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nyob hauv qhov dej thiab dej ntws. Tom qab clogging, cov resin pib loj hlob cov kab mob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis ntxuav nrog ntxuav.}

Ion exchangers kuj tseem muaj zog nrog cov roj emulsified uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm. Qhov txhaws hnyav heev uas nws yooj yim hloov lub lim dua li cais cov roj ntawm nws.

Lim cov granules ntawm cov resins nquag txhaws nrog cov tshuaj molecular siab. Cov pa roj carbon activated tshem tawm lawv zoo, tab sis nws muaj lub neej ua haujlwm luv.

Ion pauv resins tau zoo ua ke nrog ultrafiltration tshem tawm ntau dua 95% ntawm colloids.

Kev kho dej - ultrafiltration ua ntej rov qab osmosis

Cov nqi khiav lag luam raug txo los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov lim dej nrog kev txo qis hauv qhov loj ntawm cov khoom khaws cia. Yog hais tias lub coarser ntxuav yog ntsia ua ntej lub ultrafiltration module, ces nws ua rau kom efficiency ntawm rov qab osmosis systems. Cov tom kawg yog rhiab heev rau anionic thiab non-ionic flocculants yog tias coagulation ntawm cov pa paug tau ua nyob rau theem ua ntej.

Cov khoom loj molecular organic sai sai clogs lub pores ntawm thim rov qab osmosis daim nyias nyias. Lawv sai sai overgrown nrog microorganisms. Kev lim dej ua ntej daws txhua yam teeb meem thiab raug nqi zoo thaum siv rov qab osmosis.

kev kho dej khib nyiab

Ultrafiltration kev kho dej khib nyiab ua rau nws tuaj yeem rov siv dua hauv kev lag luam. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv engineering, thiab technogenic load ntawm cov dej qhib rau lub hom phiaj haus yog txo.

Membrane thev naus laus zis yog siv los kho cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm galvanic thiab textile ntau lawm, hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, cov tshuab tshem tawm hlau, thaum tshem tawm urea, electrolytes, hnyav hlau sib txuas, cov khoom siv roj, thiab lwm yam los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, qhov no ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kho thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev siv tshuab.

Nrog qhov hnyav molecular impurities, ultrafiltration tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom ntshiab concentrates.

Tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib cais cov roj emulsified los ntawm dej. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuab membrane yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab tsis xav tau tshuaj.

Kev kho dej saum npoo

Ntxhis dej thiab lim tau yav dhau los yog txoj hauv kev zoo los ntxuav cov dej. Cov impurities ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm yog zoo tshem tawm ntawm no, tab sis tam sim no technogenic kuab paug tau tshwm sim, rau kev tshem tawm ntawm uas.yuav tsum muaj lwm txoj kev ntxuav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau yam teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm thawj chlorination ntawm dej, uas tsim organochlorine tebchaw. Kev siv cov theem purification ntxiv nrog cov pa roj carbon activated thiab ozonation ua rau tus nqi dej ntau ntxiv.

Ultrafiltration tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov dej haus ncaj qha los ntawm qhov chaw saum npoo: algae, kab mob, cov khoom raug tshem tawm thiab lwm cov tshuaj raug tshem tawm ntawm nws. Cov txheej txheem yog siv nrog ua ntej coagulation. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev daws teeb meem ntev tsis tas yuav tsum tau, txij li kev tsim cov flakes loj tsis tsim nyog.

Kev txhim kho cov dej ultrafiltration (duab hauv qab) tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov zoo ntawm cov dej huv tsis tu ncua tsis tas siv cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov tshuaj reagents.

Kev siv cov txheej txheem coagulation tau dhau los ua tsis tau zoo vim tias ntau cov organic sib txuas hauv dej tsis pom los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj poov tshuaj permanganate oxidation. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic sib txawv, ua rau nws nyuaj rau xaiv qhov xav tau concentration ntawm reagents.

Zaj lus

Ultrafiltration dej los ntawm daim nyias nyias tso cai rau koj ua tiav nws qhov kev xav tau purity nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov tshuaj reagents. Cov dej khib nyiab tom qab kho tuaj yeem siv rau kev lag luam.

Ultrafiltration tsis yog ib txwm siv tau. Txoj kev tsis tso cai tshem tawm qee yam tshuaj, piv txwv li, organochlorine tebchaw thiab qee cov humic acids. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev ntxuav ntau theem yog siv.