Loj hlob nceb hauv tsev cog khoom: thev naus laus zis, yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov xwm txheej tsim nyog thiab cov kws tshaj lij cov lus qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev cog nceb hauv tsev cog khoom yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom tau cov qoob loo huv si rau koj tus kheej lossis muag. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias thev naus laus zis ntawm cov txheej txheem no nyuaj heev, tab sis ntau txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau nqis peev.

Yuav ua li cas nceb tuaj yeem loj hlob

Ua ntej koj mus ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog hom nceb. Qee cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj no tsis loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob nruj, tsis kam muab ntau thiab loj hlob. Lwm tus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, loj hlob zoo heev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khib nyiab, zoo siab nrog cov qoob loo nplua nuj.

Yog li, hauv tsev thiab hauv tsev cog khoom loj, cov kab hauv qab no feem ntau cog:

• Porcini nceb. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev, tab sis incredibly capricious kab lis kev cai. Cov kws paub txog nceb cog lus pom zoo tias cov neeg pib tshiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam no, vim cov neeg dawb feem ntau tuag, hnov mob rau qhov hloov pauv huab cua me ntsis thiab maj mam loj hlob. Tab sis yog tias koj tswj kom tau qoob loo, ces nws tuaj yeem muag tau yooj yim.
• Oyster nceb. Ib qho qoob loo zoo tagnrho rau cov pib tshiab, feem ntau nws loj hlob ua lag luam. Oyster nceb yog unpretentious, lawv zoohnov nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm climatic tej yam kev mob thiab nyob rau txawv substrates. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv loj hlob sai - thawj zaug tuaj yeem tau txais hauv ib hlis. Cov khw muag khoom kuj tseem nrhiav tau yooj yim - cafes, tsev noj mov, khw me me coj lawv mus muag. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov nceb nceb yog qhov pheej yig, thiab txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, koj yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm thaj chaw loj.
• Champignons. Ntau capricious tshaj oyster nceb, raws li lawv xav tau kim compost kom loj hlob. Tab sis lawv loj hlob zoo, thiab yog tias cov khoom muag, cov nqi yuav them.
• Shiitake. Tsob ntoo fungus, tib yam li oyster nceb thiab zib mu nceb. Nws tsis yog dav faib nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob nyob rau hauv muaj koob meej tom qab champignons.
• caij ntuj no nceb. Cov nceb tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb lub tebchaws.

Tshaj tawm qhov chaw

nceb tau cog ob txoj hauv kev:

1. Nyob. Cov qoob loo yog sown rau hauv av ze ntawm cov ntoo ntawm lub phiaj xwm lossis ze rau nws. Ntawd yog, champignons, porcini thiab nceb loj hlob hauv lawv qhov chaw ib puag ncig, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov nceb nceb.
2. Ntseeg. Loj hlob nceb nyob rau hauv greenhouses belongs rau no tshwj xeeb txoj kev ntawm sau. Oyster nceb, nceb dawb thiab champignons tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom txhua xyoo puag ncig, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag.

Chav rau nceb tsis tas yuav yog lub tsev cog khoom classic. Lwm qhov chaw kuj yuav ua haujlwm zoo, xws li chaw nres tsheb, tsev, hauv qab daus, lossis txawm tias chav tsev hauv tsev. Tab sis txhua chav, suav nrogtsev cog khoom, koj yuav tsum tau npaj tiag los tsim kom zoo microclimate nyob rau hauv nws.

Greenhouse npaj

Lub tsev cog qoob loo cog nceb lub npe yog dab tsi? Hauv qee qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem hnov lo lus "mycelium", tab sis nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog mycelium. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias "tsev cog khoom rau nceb."

Txhawm rau cog nceb hauv tsev cog khoom polycarbonate, lub tsev cog khoom yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev cog qoob loo uas tsis yog qauv. Mushrooms, nyob rau hauv txoj cai, tuaj yeem cog rau hauv ib lub tsev cog khoom zoo tib yam rau zaub, nruab nrab ntawm cucumbers, thiab lawv yuav hnov zoo. Tab sis yog hais tias lub tsev xog paj tau yuav los yug cov nceb ntshiab, ces nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho:

1. tshav ntuj ncaj qha yog teeb meem, yog li peb ntxoov cov phab ntsa pob tshab nrog chalk lossis mesh.
2. Npog hauv pem teb nrog zaj duab xis, thiab tso lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb rau nws.
3. Nruab hluav taws xob cua sov lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob dej (lossis muab lwm txoj kev cua sov).
4. Tau tshwj xeeb humidifiers powered by mains. Cov av noo hauv chav yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 85-90%.
5. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj pwm loj hlob ntawm cov phab ntsa, lawv yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm sab hauv nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog theem tseem ceeb heev, hla nws, tus nceb nceb pheej hmoo poob qhov sau.
6. Qhov cua qhov system. Huab cua yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis tsis muaj cov ntawv sau.
7. Zoning thaj chaw. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab qhov chaw khaws cia thiab ua cov av, substrates thiab compost, rau cog thiab sprouting mycelium.

Yog cov qoob loo cog rau muag, ces yuav tsum faib chaw rau nwscia.

Tseem muaj cov tsev cog qoob loo tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, ob-tiered St. Petersburg, ua ke Moscow lossis Grachev. Xws li cov qauv zoo ib yam li lub tsev cog khoom zaub, tab sis insulated nrog ntoo phab ntsa thiab ib txheej ntawm cov quav nyob rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab, thiab nrog ib tug system ntawm cua fragrances.

khoom siv

Koj xav tau dab tsi ntxiv dua li lub tsev cog khoom? Muaj ob peb yam uas yuav:

1. Polyethylene rau npog hauv av.
2. Nceb tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv ntau txoj kev, qee zaum nyob ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Mushrooms yog zus rau ntawm stumps, racks, hnab ntawm substrate, tshem tawm los yog impaled rau ib tug pin, thawv los yog lwm yam ntim. Ib yam dab tsi ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no yuav tsum tau yuav.
3. cua sov radiators (electric heaters).
4. Humidifiers.
5. Qhov cua qhov system.
6. tub yees rau sau qoob. Txawm hais tias kev loj hlob nceb nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj tsuas yog ib qho kev nyiam ua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muab qhov chaw hauv lub tub yees rau yoj tom ntej. Yog hais tias kab lis kev cai yog muag, ces qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Yog tias cov nceb tau cog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam ntxiv, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov thawv ntim khoom thiab khaws cia, nrog rau cov ntim ntim thiab zaj duab xis.

Mycelium muas

Txhawm rau pib txheej txheem, koj xav tau cov khoom cog. Rau cov nceb, qhov no yog mycelium - mycelium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nyias interlaced threads uas tau nteg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb. Koj yuav tsum tau yuav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntseeg siab kom nws tshiab, tsis qhuav thiab tsis muaj kab mob ntau yam. Ntxiv rau kev kuaj xyuasdaim ntawv pov thawj, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig kom tau txais cov qauv kuaj me me, uas koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm mycelium. Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj cog qoob loo loj.

Lwm yam kev xaiv yug me nyuam

Qee tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev loj hlob nceb hauv tsev cog khoom txhua xyoo tsis xav yuav mycelium, tab sis kom germinate mycelium ntawm lawv tus kheej, los ntawm cov spores nyob. Nws yog pheej yig dua, tab sis ntau ntawm hassle.

Mushroom spores yog yuav thiab germinated li cov noob ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb substrate ntawm high humidity thiab kub. Thiab tom qab pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm nceb, qhov kub thiab txias yog txo.

Spores kuj tau los ntawm cov nceb qus: lawv tau sau, soaked hauv dej rau 24 teev, thiab tom qab ntawd muab rub mus rau hauv lub pulp. Dej nrog kev ncua yog nchuav mus rau qhov chaw tsaws thiab tos rau cov noob. Txoj kev siv tau zoo, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tau nug.

Mushrooms tseem tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm tsuas yog hloov ib feem ntawm mycelium los ntawm hav zoov mus rau qhov chaw zoo. Hobbyists xyaum yooj yim faus kaus mom ua raws li kev siv dej ntau.

substrates thiab composts

Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob nceb yog cog mycelium hauv cov av tshwj xeeb npaj. Cov substrates sib txawv yog haum rau ntau hom nceb, uas yog:

• Rau champignons, tshwj xeeb compost - straw nrog ntxiv ntawm urea thiab superphosphate - yog moistened rau ob peb hnub. Tom qab ntawd cov quav nyuj yog muab tso rau hauv lub thawv thiab npog nrog straw rau saum. Tom qab 3-4 hnub, txhua yam yog tov nrog ntxiv dej thiab gypsum. Sai li cov qauv ntawm cov nplooj lwg tau zoo-grained thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm ammonia ploj mus,Koj tuaj yeem cog mycelium: rau 100 kg ntawm straw noj 100 kg ntawm quav, 2 kg ntawm urea thiab superphosphate thiab 8-10 kg ntawm gypsum.
• Oyster nceb loj hlob hauv hnab ntim nrog sawdust thiab peat thiab topped nrog lub ntiaj teb.
• Loj hlob porcini nceb hauv tsev cog khoom txhua xyoo yog qhov nyuaj vim tias lawv tsuas loj hlob zoo hauv cov av qhuav, zoo-drained. Lawv tsis loj hlob ntawm peat-ntxiv substrates, loam, marshy av thiab sandstones. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj xav tau av los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm hav zoov uas cov noob tau coj los ntawm. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem sib tov vaj av nrog cov quav thiab sawdust.

Txhua lub substrate lossis compost rau cog txhua hom nceb tuaj yeem yuav npaj ua.

Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov pib nceb nceb

1. Cov neeg tuaj tshiab rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no feem ntau tham txog tag nrho automation ntawm tsev cog khoom rau kev loj hlob nceb. Tab sis tsuas yog cov tuam txhab lag luam loj tuaj yeem them tau qhov no.
2. Thaum nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm, xyuas kom lawv muaj daim npav kho mob. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog nceb, qhov no tsis yog ib tug formality, tab sis yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
3. Yog cov qoob loo cog rau muag, yuav tsum nrhiav chaw ua ntej.
4. Txhua tus ua tau li no - txhua yam koj xav tau yog kev ua siab ntev thiab kev rau siab.
5. Nco ntsoov yuav lub tub yees lossis lub tub yees nrog kev poob siab - lub txee lub neej ntawm cov nceb nyoos yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab koj tuaj yeem poob qhov kev ua haujlwm ntev.
6. Dej kub rau dej - tsis tsawg tshaj 10 ⁰С. Rigid yog tsis tsim nyog rau ib tug ilv kab lis kev cai, nws yuav tsum tau softenedntxiv txiv qaub.

Loj hlob nceb dawb hauv tsev cog khoom

Cov ntau yam no xav tau 80-85% av noo thiab tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Rau germination, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yog 28 degrees, rau kev loj hlob - 17. Thaum loj hlob nceb nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj, nws yuav siv sij hawm tsis ntau tshaj li ob peb lub hlis mus sau, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.

Cep nceb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws tuaj yeem "kho hauv paus" hauv qhov chaw tshiab rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Tab sis yog tias mycelium tseem loj hlob tuaj, nws tuaj yeem txi txiv rau 3-5 xyoos.

How to grow oyster nceb

Oyster nceb loj tuaj ntawm cov ntoo los yog cov hnab ntawm cov substrate. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, mycelium yog siv rau pre-moistened tuav, uas yuav tsau rau lawv rau 2-3 hnub. Hauv qhov thib ob, mycelium muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab nrog moistened substrate. Tsis tas li ntawd, 7-12 qhov yog ua nyob rau hauv lub hnab - rau kev loj hlob ntawm nceb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm +19… +21 ⁰С.

Thawj sau - tom qab 2 lub lis piam, tom qab ntawd ntau cov qoob loo tsis pub dhau 2.5 lub hlis, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom tawm los ntawm kwv yees li 25% ntawm qhov hnyav substrate. Substrates thiab ntoo blocks raug hloov thaum lawv khiav tawm.

Champignons

Sowing yog nqa tawm raws li hauv qab no: lub qhov yog ua nyob rau hauv compost nyob rau hauv ib tug checkerboard qauv - kom tsawg kawg yog 25 cm nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv, thiab cov noob yog nteg tawm nyob rau hauv lawv thiab them nrog ib tug plaub-centimeter txheej. ntiaj teb. Qhov kub ntawm lub substrate tsis siab tshaj +30 ⁰С, txwv tsis pub cov mycelium yuav tuag. Tab sis tsis qis dua +20 ⁰С, yog li ntawd qhov kev loj hlob tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev ncua. zaj duab xistsis txhob kaw - nws tsuas yog ua rau nceb xwb.

Thaum mycelium loj hlob zoo, nws yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov av (rau 9 feem ntawm peat ib feem ntawm chalk) tuab 4 cm. Qhov kub hauv tsev cog khoom txo qis rau +17 ⁰С.

Thaum cog nceb hauv tsev cog khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sau raws sijhawm. Rau champignons, lub teeb liab yog stretched, tab sis tsis tawg, zaj duab xis ntawm lub qia thiab lub hau.