Ballistic missile "Sineva": yam ntxwv, piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, thawj zaug tau sim los tso missiles rau submarines. Lub tswv yim belongs rau Lavxias teb sab engineer K. A. Schilder. Raws li nws txoj haujlwm, " foob pob hluav taws" submarine tau tsim los ntawm Alexander foundry hauv lub Peb Hlis 1834. Tab sis nws yeej tsis tau txais los ntawm Lavxias Imperial Navy. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm kev xa cov cuaj luaj zais cia hauv submarines tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lwm cov tub rog engineers. Lub foob pob hluav taws Sineva yog qhov nthuav tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov kev pom no.

Underwater riam phom ntawm kev ua pauj

III Reich kuj tau sim tso lub tswv yim ntawm kev xa cov cuaj luaj los ntawm lub nkoj nkoj mus rau hauv kev xyaum. Yog li, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Peenemünd lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942, lub submarine U-511 tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau lub hom phiaj no. Rau qhov no, cov foob pob hluav taws - cov mines tawg siab ntawm 280 mm thiab 210 mm caliber - raug hloov kho.

Kev sim kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov twgtua tau nqa tawm los ntawm qhov tob ntawm 9 mus rau 15 meters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuaj luaj nyob hauv 4 km.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua tau ua tiav zoo li daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev sim qhia tias muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm German submarines ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Asmeskas.

Project Wave

Thaum daws teeb meem ntawm kev tua cov foob pob hluav taws los ntawm submarines, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam. Cov no suav nrog:

• foob pob hluav taws technology;
• submarine shipbuilding;
• foob pob hluav taws;
• flight control.

Txoj haujlwm los daws cov teeb meem no tau txais cov cai "Wave", thiab twb nyob rau lub Kaum Hli 1948, engineer V. Ganin tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kev cai rau kev tsim khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tua cov cuaj luaj los ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm tau sau tseg:

• kab rov tav,
• ntsug,
• oblique.

Lub ntiaj teb thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm-tactical R-11 tau los ua lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov missiles. Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo:

• ntev nyob rau hauv lub xeev puv;
• qhov me me;
• daim ntawv thov ntawm nitric acid-based Cheebtsam ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing.

Txhua yam no tau pab ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no.

Kev tso dej hauv qab, uas siv lub foob pob hluav taws ua kua R-21, tau tshwm sim hauv USSR. Qhov no yog xyoo 1960s. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tshaj tawm cov foob pob hluav taws los ntawm submarines tau los ntawm qhov tob ntawm 40 txog 50 meters.

Blue

R-29RM txav, uas paub zoo duazoo li Sineva ballistic missile.

Nws tso cai los daws ntau yam teeb meem:

• qhia kho raws li satellite signals;
• flight path hloov nyob ntawm ntau yam;
• lub peev xwm los random muab tub rog rau ntau lub hom phiaj;
• siv foob pob hluav taws hauv Arctic.

Qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tua los ntawm North Ncej tau pom thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2006 los ntawm Yekaterinburg missile carrier. Thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm, Sineva missile tau siv.

Underwater "Tula"

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tso cov phiaj xwm ntev ntawm cov nkoj hauv nkoj tau ua tiav tag nrho ntawm lub nkoj nkoj nuclear "Tula".

Yuav kom Sineva missile (R-29 RMU2) tau teeb tsa, txij Lub Rau Hli 2000 txog Lub Plaub Hlis 21, 2004, Tula tau dhau los ua kom muaj kev hloov kho tshiab, uas tau pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau submarines. Cov khoom siv xov tooj cua tau txhim kho. Lub nkoj txoj kev ciaj sia kuj tau txhim kho, uas suav nrog kev nyab xeeb nuclear.

Tula muaj qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm 24 pob caus (44 km / h) nrog qhov tob tob tshaj plaws ntawm 650 meters. Hauv kev tswj hwm tus kheej, nws tuaj yeem ua tau 90 hnub nrog cov neeg coob ntawm 140 tus neeg.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub nkoj nkoj tseem muaj zog. Ntxiv nrog rau Sineva ballistic missile (R-29 RMU2) thiab 16 launchers, lub submarine yog nruab nrog torpedo hlab. Tsis tas li ntawm lub nkoj yog MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

rauTxhawm rau kom muaj lub tswv yim hais txog qhov ntev ntawm Tula-chav kawm nuclear submarine, peb tuaj yeem hais txog qhov ntev tshaj plaws (raws li DWL) - 167.4 meters! Qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw ncaws pob, piv txwv li, yog 120 meters.

Tom qab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub nkoj nkoj nuclear "Tula" tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws "Sineva" hauv hiav txwv Barents ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv cheeb tsam equatorial ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific. Tom qab npog 11,547 km, cov hom phiaj tau ua tiav.

yam ntxwv ntawm "Blue"

Lub foob pob hluav taws yog peb-theem, ua raws li lub tswv yim sib cog lus, uas cov theem tau teem rau hauv series. Marching engines "rov qab" rau hauv lub tank ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws cav, sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib tug sib dhos, nyob rau hauv uas lub tank system yog ntau.

Nrog lub foob pob hluav taws loj ntawm 40.3 tons, qhov ntev yog 14.8 meters. Rau kev tso rau hauv submarine launch ncej, txoj kab uas hla tau nce mus rau 1.9 m, thaum qhov loj ntawm tsuas yog 2.8 tons.

Ib yam ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog nws lub taub hau loj, uas muaj plaub thiab kaum blocks. Ntxiv mus, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj kev taw qhia tus kheej.

Yog tias cov foob pob hluav taws siv nyob rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis yog nuclear, ces lub taub hau yog nruab nrog lub taub hau tawg tawg loj heev, qhov loj yog li 2 tons. Cov tshuab no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb - lub hom phiaj ua kom puas tsuaj.

Lub missile "Sineva", cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb tab tom xav txog, tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub taub hau nuclear ntawm ultra-me me calibers (hauv TNT sib npaug ntawm 50 tons). Qhov no tso cai rau koj xa cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam hauv qhov muabthaj chaw.

"Aimed" firing range

Lub Sineva intercontinental missile tau suav nrog hauv D-9RM missile systems. Lawv tau ua haujlwm nrog cov nkoj hauv nkoj hauv nuclear ntawm qhov project 667BRDM (raws li NATO kev faib tawm Delta-IV).

Lub complex nws tus kheej tau muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1986. Tab sis twb los ntawm 1996 txog 1999, kev tsim cov cuaj luaj tau raug tso tseg. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1999, lawv cov kev tsim tawm tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov qauv tshiab.

Tom qab kev txhim kho, qhov ntau ntawm Sineva missile tshaj qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm Asmeskas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chav kawm zoo sib xws (Trident-2), uas tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm 11,000 mais. Tsis yog ib lub missile nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj xws li ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau yam.

Tib lub sijhawm, nws tau lees paub tias lub davhlau ntau ntawm Sineva yog 8,300 km. Los ntawm cov nkoj twg yog Sinev missiles launched?

Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Lavxias Navy, Vladimir Vysotsky, tau ceeb toom tias nuclear submarines ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dej hiav txwv yog armed nrog missiles ntawm qhov kev hloov kho no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Lavxias teb sab Navy tau txais 7 missile nqa ntawm qhov project no.

Maj

Lub Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile yuav tsum tau armed Borey-class submarine, uas muaj 12 missile silos.

Cov kab ke no tau koom ua ke raws li cov yam ntxwv nrog rau Topol-M hauv av-raws li missile systems. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Bulava lub davhlau vojvoog mus txog 8,000 km, nrog lub foob pob hluav taws loj ntawm 36.8 tons. Lub nuclear warhead muaj caislub taub hau. Tilt pib tso cai tso rau hauv qab dej ntawm kev txav mus los.

Bulava thiab Sineva missiles yog ze heev ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab sib txawv tsuas yog hauv hom propulsion engine. Lub Bulava muaj roj roj, thaum Sineva muaj roj ua kua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev ya davhlau ntawm Bulava missiles, lub cav ua kua siv tau, uas muab sijhawm ntxiv rau kev nce nrawm thiab ua haujlwm.

kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev siv foob pob hluav taws

Raws li txoj haujlwm hloov pauv, submarine-launched ballistic missiles ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom thauj xws li "Volna" thiab "Shtil".

Tau kawg, lawv poob ntawm lawv lub peev xwm rau Soyuz thiab Proton, tab sis lawv tau zoo heev rau kev tso lub dav hlau mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb qis.

Cov complexes li "Shtil" thiab "Volna" yog dav paub vim tias lawv tau tsim los ntawm R-29R ("Sineva" missile).

Nyob rau xyoo 1991-1993, Lavxias submariners tau tsim peb lub missiles rau hauv suborbital trajectories.

Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem sau tau nthuav? Sineva-hom hloov dua siab tshiab foob pob hluav taws txawm nkag mus rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntiaj Teb raws li kev xa ntawv ceev tshaj plaws.

Lub Rau Hli 7, 1995, nrog kev pab los ntawm R-29R cov cab kuj, foob pob hluav taws nrog cov cuab yeej siv tshawb fawb tau tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab nuclear-powered icebreaker"Ryazan". Xa ntawv xov xwm kuj tau muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj. Tom qab 20 feeb, tau ya mus 9,000 km, lub tshuaj ntsiav tau xa mus rau Kamchatka.