Shrapnel - yog dab tsi? shrapnel zoo li cas?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Zaj lus piav qhia tias shrapnel yog dab tsi, thaum siv hom phiaj no thiab nws txawv li cas.

Tsov Rog

Tib neeg yog tsov rog yuav luag thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab niaj hnub no, tsis tau muaj ib puas xyoo dhau los uas tsis muaj qhov no los yog kev ua tsov ua rog. Thiab tsis zoo li cov tsiaj los yog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv humanoid, tib neeg tua ib leeg rau ntau yam, thiab tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv, kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau hloov pauv ntau, thiab cov ntshav siab tshaj plaws tau pib ua tiav tom qab kev tsim phom phom thiab phom.

Ib zaug, txawm tias cov muskets thiab phom phom loj tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab kev tawm tsam. Cias muab, lawv muab xaus rau lub sij hawm ntawm chivalry nrog nws cov armor thiab ntev kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqa cov cuab yeej hnyav yog dab tsi yog tias nws yuav tsis tiv thaiv koj ntawm rab phom phom lossis phom phom?

Tau ntev, cov neeg tua phom tau sim txhim kho kev tsim cov phom loj, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum cov phom loj tau los ua ib leeg, thiab cov phom tau ua phom. Tab sis qhov tseeb technology breakthrough nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm artillery mos txwvua lub shrapnel. Nws yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas xws li shells yog teem, peb yuav soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Definition

Shrapnel yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom phom, uas yog tsim los tua thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab lub zog. Nws tau muaj npe tom qab nws tus neeg tsim khoom, tus tub ceev xwm Askiv Henry Shrapnel. Lub ntsiab thiab qhov txawv ntawm cov mos txwv no yog tias nws tawg ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb thiab da dej rau cov yeeb ncuab rog tsis yog tawg ntawm lub plhaub, tab sis nrog ntau pua lub pob hlau uas tawg nyob rau hauv lub khob hliav qab los ntawm qhov dav mus rau hauv av - qhov no yog. raws nraim li shrapnel yog. Nws yog dab tsi, peb tam sim no paub, txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav xav txog ntau yam ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov mos txwv.

History

Thaum lub sijhawm siv phom phom phom loj, ib qho ntawm nws qhov tsis txaus tau pom meej meej - cov phom phom tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj txaus. Nws feem ntau tsuas tua ib tug lossis ob peb tus neeg xwb. Ib feem, lawv tau sim kho qhov no los ntawm kev thauj cov cannons nrog buckshot, tab sis qhov no, qhov ntau ntawm nws lub davhlau tau txo qis heev. Txhua yam hloov pauv thaum lawv pib siv shrapnel. Peb twb paub lawm tias nws yog dab tsi, tab sis cia peb saib ze ntawm kev tsim nws tus kheej.

Thaum pib, xws li lub pob zeb yog lub thawv cylindrical ua los ntawm ntoo, duab los yog nyias hlau, hauv cov pob hlau thiab cov hmoov nplej tau muab tso rau. Tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov tshwj xeebib lub ignition tube ntim nrog maj mam hlawv hmoov phom, uas tau teem rau hluav taws thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj. Cias muab tso, nws yog ib tug primitive retarder fuse, thiab los ntawm kev kho qhov ntev ntawm lub raj, nws muaj peev xwm xam qhov siab thiab ntau yam ntawm lub projectile yuav tawg, thiab nws yuav muab striking ntsiab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Yog li, peb tau txheeb xyuas cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi shrapnel txhais tau tias.

hom plhaub no ua pov thawj tias siv tau sai heev. Tom qab tag nrho, tam sim no nws tsis tsim nyog los ntaus ib tus neeg twg, qhov tseem ceeb yog xam qhov ntev ntawm lub ignition tube thiab qhov deb, thiab muaj steel buckshots yuav ua lawv txoj hauj lwm. Xyoo ntawm kev tsim cov shrapnel yog suav tias yog 1803.

phom phom

Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kov yeej cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov hom tshiab ntawm qhov projectiles, lawv nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo meej. Qhov ntev ntawm lub ignition tube yuav tsum tau xam kom raug heev, nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab; lawv feem ntau misfired vim muaj ntau yam ntawm rab phom los yog nws tsis xws luag, qee zaum tawg ua ntej los yog tsis ignite kiag li.

Tom qab ntawd xyoo 1871, tus neeg tua phom loj Shklarevich, raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov plhaub plhaub, ua ib hom tshiab ntawm lawv - kev sib koom ua ke thiab rau phom phom. Cias muab, xws li rab phom-hom phom plhaub tau txuas nrog cov hmoov nplej los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cartridge thiab thauj los ntawm rab phom breech. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws yog ib tug fuse ntawm ib tug tshiab hom, uas tsis misfire. Thiab cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov projectile pov cov mos txwv kheej kheej nruj me ntsis raws lub davhlau axis, thiab tsis nyob hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia, zoo li ua ntej.

Muaj tseeb, thiab hom mos txwv no tsis tau muab tshem tawmua tsis tau. Qhov tseem ceeb yog lub sij hawm hlawv ntawm lub fuse tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho, uas txhais tau hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm artillery yuav tsum nqa ntau yam ntawm nws mus rau qhov sib txawv, uas tsis yooj yim heev.

kho tau

Qhov no tau raug kho nyob rau xyoo 1873, thaum lub raj rhuav tshem nrog lub nplhaib hloov kho tau tsim. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog tias kev faib qhia qhov kev ncua deb tau siv rau lub nplhaib. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov projectile yuav tsum tau tawg ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 meters, ces lub fuse tau tig mus rau qhov tsim nyog faib nrog tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb. Thiab qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim heev rau kev coj ua ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim hais tias cov qhab nia sib txuam nrog cov notches hauv artillery pom, thiab cov cuab yeej ntxiv tsis tas yuav txiav txim siab qhov ntau. Thiab yog tias tsim nyog, los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub projectile rau lub sij hawm detonation yam tsawg kawg nkaus, nws muaj peev xwm tua los ntawm cannon zoo li los ntawm lub kaus poom. Kuj tseem muaj kev tawg los ntawm kev tsoo hauv av lossis lwm yam kev cuam tshuam. Dab tsi shrapnel zoo li tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Siv

Cov plhaub zoo li no tau siv txij thaum pib ntawm lawv qhov kev tsim khoom mus txog thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Txawm hais tias lawv qhov zoo dua qub ntawm cov khoom qub-cam khwb cia, dhau sij hawm nws tig tawm tias shrapnel kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, nws cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam tsis muaj hwj chim tawm tsam cov tub rog yeeb ncuab uas tau nyob hauv trenches, dugouts, thiab feem ntau cov chaw nyob. Thiab cov tub rog kawm tsis zoo feem ntau teem lub sijhawm fuse tsis raug, thiab xws li hom projectile li shrapnel yog kim los tsim. Nws yog dab tsi, pebdismantled.

Vim tias tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, cov shrapnel tau hloov pauv tag nrho los ntawm cov plhaub tawg nrog lub fuse.

Tab sis qee yam riam phom tseem siv tau, piv txwv li, hauv kev dhia German mine Sprengmine 35 - thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus nqi tshem tawm tau thawb lub "iav" uas muaj cov mos txwv kheej kheej mus rau qhov siab txog ib thiab ib nrab meters, thiab nws tawg.