"Mace" ( foob pob ua ntxaij): yam ntxwv. Intercontinental ballistic missile "Bulava"

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

"Mace" yog ib qho ntawm cov kev txhim kho tshiab kawg hauv kev tshawb fawb foob pob hluav taws hauv tsev. Txog tam sim no, kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm cov khoom no. Qee qhov ua tsis tiav, uas ua rau muaj kev thuam ntau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb hais tias Bulava yog lub foob pob hluav taws uas nws cov yam ntxwv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tiag tiag, thiab koj yuav kawm dab tsi raws nraim hauv kab lus no. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias lub foob pob hluav taws no yog tsim los muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj nkoj nuclear (ntawm hom Akula).

History of Creation

Xyoo 1998, tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub foob pob hluav taws Bulava. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, Vladimir Kuroyedov yog nyob rau ntawm tus ncej ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy, uas tab tom tsim lub tswv yim bark phom. Lub complex tsuas yog 70% npaj tau, thiab nws cov kev sim ua tsis tiav. Tom qab ntawd, lub Council ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation txiav txim siab los hloov txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshiab intercontinental missile mus rau lub peevLub koom haum ntawm Thermal Engineering, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias tom kawg tsis muaj kev paub txog kev tsim riam phom zoo li no. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2009, thawj qhov kev sim ntawm Bulava missile tau ua tiav, uas tau ua tiav. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los pib tsim cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom sib dhos. Yog li ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm 2012, Anatoly Serdyukov tshaj tawm hais tias cov missiles yuav mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2012. Raws li Lub Ib Hlis 2014, muaj txog 46 lub foob pob hluav taws tau tsim, muaj li 14 qhov uas tau tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm sim.

Tests in progress

Txog hnub no, kwv yees li 20 qhov kev xeem tau ua tiav, tsuas yog 55% tau ua tiav. Thawj qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Bulava foob pob hluav taws (ntau thiab loj mock-up) tau ua thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 23, 2004. Qhov thib ob, uas tuaj yeem hu ua thawj qhov tiag, tau ua tiav rau lub Cuaj Hlis 25, 2005. Tom qab ntawd Bulava intercontinental missile tau ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj thiab ntaus nws. Qhov thib peb submerged tso tawm los ntawm Dmitry Donskoy nuclear submarine tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2005. Lub hom phiaj ntawm Kura chaw cob qhia hauv Kamchatka tau ua tiav tiav. Ob peb qhov kev sim tom ntej no ua tsis tiav. Txawm tias lub cav ntawm lub xeem kua theem ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij ua tsis tau tejyam, ces nws deviated los ntawm cov chav kawm thiab poob, ces nws tsuas yog tus kheej-destructed corny. Qhov xwm zoo nkaus xwb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov kev sim ua tsis tiav, cov lus xaus tsim nyog tau ua thiab qee cov nodes tau ua tiav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 9 ntawm 10 qhov kev xeem dhau los tau ua tiav, uas yog qhov zoo heev.tshwm sim. Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib lwm qhov nthuav dav.

foob pob hluav taws "Bulava": yam ntxwv

Lub complex muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Range - 8 txhiab kilometers.
• Nyhav (pib) - 36.8 tons.
• Pov (dhuav) nyhav - 1,150 kilograms.
• Qhov ntev/inch ntawm lub tso lub kaus mom yog 12, 1/2, 1 meters.
• Txoj kab uas hla ntawm thawj theem yog 2.0 meters.

Lub foob pob hluav taws Mace, uas nws tus yam ntxwv koj nyuam qhuav kawm, muaj peb theem. Thawj ob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab qhov kawg yog kua. Qhov loj ntawm thawj theem lub cev muaj zog yog hais txog 18.5 tons nrog qhov ntev ntawm 3.6 meters. Txog niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm theem ob tseem tsis tau nthuav tawm. Txog thaum pib ntawm 2014, nws tsis paub tias theem 3 ua tiav li cas. Niaj hnub no, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias nws yog kua. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov siab tshaj plaws maneuvering ntawm cov khoom nyob rau theem kawg ntawm lub davhlau. Lub missile no nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj peev xwm nqa txog 10 nuclear units, txhua tus yog tswj. Qhov no yog txhua yam ntaub ntawv uas paub niaj hnub no.

Kev hloov pauv tsis ntev los no rau qhov nyuaj

Nws tau paub tias qhov nyuaj yuav suav nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los kov yeej kev tiv thaiv missile. Tab sis yuav ua li cas hom ntawm system nws tseem tsis tau piav qhia. Tej zaum cov no yuav yog decoys lossis txheej txheej tshwj xeeb uas yuav ua rau cov thaiv tsis pom ntawm radars. Nws yog qhov tsis pub lwm tus paubcov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsis qhia tawm. Cais, ob peb lo lus yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov tseeb tias Bulava missile, cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb twb tau soj ntsuam lawm, tau hloov kho me ntsis hauv xyoo tas los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv particular, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm disengagement ntawm nuclear blocks tau hloov. Yog tias ua ntej lub foob pob hluav taws tau coj cov blocks hla lub hom phiaj, tom qab ntawd nws poob (sib cais) lawv, tam sim no lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "grape bunch", lossis "tsev kawm ntawv tsheb npav" - hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov lus siv. Txij li thaum Topol-M thiab Bulava tau tsim los ntawm tib lub hauv paus (Moscow Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Thermal Engineering), thiab qhov tseeb ntawm thawj txoj haujlwm yog siab heev, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab txog kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm Bulava intercontinental missile. Tab sis, txij li thaum muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho - "Mace-30", "Mace-M", nws nyuaj rau hais ib yam dab tsi txog qhov tseeb thiab lwm yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho nyuaj.

Bulava missile speed

Ib lub foob pob hluav taws tsis muaj kev taw qhia yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub davhlau. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub nkoj muaj cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb uas teev cov kev ceev thiab kev ya davhlau txawm nyob rau theem nquag ntawm kev ya davhlau. Tom qab lub cav raug kaw lawm, lub foob pob hluav taws txav mus raws ib qho kev sib tw ballistic thiab tsis raug tswj los ntawm sab nraud. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov ceev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws xob ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab luv luv yog qhov ua tau zoo ib yam. Tab sis txij li thaum peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog lub foob pob hluav taws sib txuas sib txuas, qhov no qhov ceev yog me ntsis siab dua thiab yog li 5-6 kilometers ib teev. Muab tsis tau cov ntaub ntawv tseeb.vim tam sim no lawv tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem hais tias thaum lub sijhawm sim nws tau sau tseg tias lub foob pob hluav taws tau ya mus 5,5 txhiab mais hauv 14 feeb. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus yooj yim tias lub foob pob hluav taws ya txog 6-7 kilometers ib ob. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov ceev ntawm Bulava missile yog qhov zoo heev, txawm li cas los xij, raws li ntau cov lus ceeb toom, Asmeskas cov tshuab zoo sib xws tau nrawm dua me ntsis.

Ib tug thuam

Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, vim qhov tsawg feem pua ntawm kev sim ua tiav, Bulava ballistic missile tau dhau los ntawm kev thuam ntau, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev xwb. Yog li, cov neeg Amelikas hais tias qhov chaw no yuav luag ib puas feem pua zoo li lawv cov foob pob hluav taws Poseidon-C3. Muaj tseeb, yav tas los twb tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev pab cuam li qub. Tab sis qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias tsuas muaj ob lub tshuab roj, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tsuas yog tsib thiab ib nrab txhiab kilometers. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau hais tias kev hloov cov kua ua kua dej hauv hiav txwv nrog cov khoom siv xws li Bulava tsuas yog txo qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nuclear. Tab sis, raws li Solomonov (tus tsim qauv dav dav), qhov txo qis hauv kev them nyiaj yog vim muaj kev muaj sia nyob ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws.

Qee xeem xeem

Ntau tus kws tshaj lij feem ntau thuam qhov nyuaj no. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias lub foob pob hluav taws Bulava tsis ua tiav hauv 45% ntawm cov neeg mob. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb, txij li ntau qhov kev sim siab tau ua tiav ib nrab, txawm tias lawv muaj qhov sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, kwv yees li 90% ntawm kev ua tsis tiav tau ua tiav nyob rau theem ntawm kev txhim kho nquag. Tab sis thaum lub foob pob hluav taws tau ua tiav, tawm ntawm 10 lub foob pob, tsuas yog ib qho ua tsis tiav. Xws li cov cim qhia tsuas yog qhov rov qab - tias Bulava ballistic missile yog qhov kev ntseeg siab heev, yog li hais. Yuri Solomonov tau muab nws cov lus hais txog ntau qhov kev ua tsis tiav thaum lub sijhawm xeem. Nws hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem twv ua ntej. Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua rau kev sib txawv tshwm sim hauv ib feem ntawm ib pliag. Thiab txhawm rau paub txog lawv qhov xwm txheej, MIT tau ua ntau qhov kev xeem kim, uas thaum kawg ua rau muaj qhov zoo.

me ntsis txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev

Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws hom. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua tej yam kev mob lub missile muaj peev xwm tiv taus hluav taws ntawm laser riam phom. Nws yog noteworthy tias lub inclined launch tso cai rau launching ntawm lub txav, uas yog, thaum lub nuclear submarine tsiv. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom lub maneuverability ntawm lub complex tag nrho. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tom qab ib tug series ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tsis ua tiav, Solomonov tawm hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm MIT, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tseem nyob rau hauv lub general designer ntawm lub complex. Thiab tam sim no cia peb tham txog cov chaw uas Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile yuav siv

kev pab yooj yim

Txij thaum lub foob pob hluav taws no tau tsim los ua lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws, cesNws yog qhov tsim nyog xav tias qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog nuclear submarines. Lub tswv yim submarine cruisers ntawm kev txhim kho Akula project, piv txwv li, Dmitry Donskoy thiab Arkhangelsk, twb muaj qhov complex nyob rau hauv lawv arsenal. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm muaj cov duab nyob qhov twg lub complex pib los ntawm lub nuclear submarine, lub caij no lub Bulava zoo nkaus li impressive (duab). Lub foob pob hluav taws kuj tau nruab rau ntawm Borey qhov project chaw. Ntawm lawv yog "Yuri Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" thiab lwm tus. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2020, nws tau npaj yuav tsim txog 8 lub submarines ntxiv, 3 ntawm yog nyob rau hauv qhov project Shark thiab 5 nyob rau hauv qhov project Borey. Yuav muaj 16 Bulava missiles ntawm txhua qhov muag.

Zaj lus

Yog li peb tau tshuaj xyuas nrog koj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Bulava complex (duab), foob pob hluav taws, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, zoo li zoo nkauj heev, thiab cov kev sim tshiab kawg qhia tias nws ua haujlwm siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau hu nws zoo tagnrho. Tab sis nws yuav muaj peev xwm ntxiv dag zog rau underwater muaj peev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txo qis zog ntawm lub complex yog vim muaj qhov tseeb. Ntau tus neeg thuam tsis tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov muaj sia nyob ntawm missile piv rau nws cov counterparts. Kev tawm tsam rau kev puas tsuaj ua rau yuav luag lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb ncuab.