LA-7 aircraft: specifications, kos duab, duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Soviet aircraft LA-7 tau tsim hauv OKB-21 (lub nroog Gorky, hnub no - Nizhny Novgorod). Txoj kev loj hlob yog coj los ntawm S. A. Lavochkin, ib tug ntawm cov zoo tshaj plaws Soviet designers. Lub dav hlau no tau suav hais tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua aviation thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Nws ua ke cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom tau txais huab cua superiority - maneuverability thiab armament.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

LA-7 yog lub dav hlau uas tuaj yeem faib ua lub dav hlau (ib lub cuab yeej nrog ib khub ntawm tis). Nws muaj ib lub cav nyob rau hauv lub hneev, thiab ib lub rooj zaum - rau tus tsav. Nws cov thawj coj yog LA-5 fighter, kuj tsim los ntawm 21st Design Bureau. Thawj lub dav hlau qauv (raws li txoj cai LA-120) tau tawm thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943.

Thaum ntxov xyoo 1944, nws tau ua tiav kev xeem dhau los thiab nkag mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, ntau dua 5,700 LA-7 cov neeg tua rog tau dov tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos. Raws li ntau tus kws tsav dav hlau Soviet, lub dav hlau no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws: nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, kev ceev, kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog hluav taws xob tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv lub helm ntawm xws li ib tug high-class fighter, ib tug tau txais kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv yeej ib txwm aceThird Reich.

History of Appearance

LA-7 yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis ntawm ntau lub dav hlau. Thawj cov neeg tua rog tau tshwm sim LaGG-2 (tsim nyob rau hauv 1939) thiab LaGG-3 (1940). Designers M. Gudkov thiab V. Gorbunov kuj koom nyob rau hauv lawv creation. Tus thib ob fighter muaj peev xwm ya ntawm speeds ntawm 600 km / h, sai npaum li cas tshaj lub German aircraft ntawm nws cov chav kawm ntawv. Tab sis nws hnyav: 600 kg ntau tshaj Yak-1. LaGG-3 maneuverability thiab tus nqi nce toj tshuav ntau yam xav tau.

Xyoo 1942, LA-5 tau tshwm sim nrog lub cav sib zog, uas tau ua pov thawj zoo heev hauv Kev Sib Tw ntawm Stalingrad. Lub dav hlau tshiab tau zoo tshaj rau Messerschmitt, nws muaj ntau npaum li ob lub 20-mm cannons, thiab lawv tau zoo dua li "German" nrog ib rab phom, ntxiv los ntawm ob rab phom tshuab.

Xyoo 1943, los ntawm lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Kursk, lub teb chaws aviation tau txais ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov neeg tua rog - LA-5FN nrog lub cav txhawb zog, sib zog dua thiab tswj tau yooj yim dua. Txawm tias qhov tseeb German Focke-Wulf-190 tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog lub dav hlau Soviet no. Thiab, thaum kawg, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1943, tus qauv tshiab, LA-7, tau tawm. Ntawm nws, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau yav dhau los fighter, ib tug thib peb rab phom tshwm sim, thiab lub dav hlau yuav ncav cuag speeds ntawm 680 km / h.

Tsim genius

Tus txiv neej uas coj kev tsim ntawm LA-7 yog Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin. Nws yog tus yeej kub, xyoo 1918-1920 nws tau ua haujlwm hauv cov tub rog Liab thiab cov tub rog ciam teb. Tom qab ntawd nws kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow Higher Technical School (hnub no nws yog Moscow State Technical University hu ua tom qab Bauman), qhov chaw uas nws tau txais ib tug profession.aeromechanical engineer. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb fawb tau hais txog kev txhim kho ntawm tus foob pob.

Semyon Alekseevich pib ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam tsim dav hlau thaum xyoo 1920s, thawj tsim lub dav hlau rau Soviet nkoj, thiab tom qab ntawd tsiv mus ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tua rog. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 30s, thaum lub ntiaj teb no twb tsis so, lub Soviet tsoom fwv txiav txim siab los them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau lub Red Army Air Force. Ua ntej, Lavochkin, ua ke nrog S. N. Lyushin tsim lub dav hlau LL-1, armed nrog dynamo-rejective cannons. Tom qab ntawd, tus qauv I-301 tau tshwm sim, muaj cov duab kos duab zoo heev. LA-7 tshuav nws qhov tsos rau kev tsim qauv ntawm Semyon Alekseevich ntawm cov xyoo ntawd.

Ntse

Qhov nrawm thiab tus nqi nce ntawm LA-7, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tseem sib piv rau cov LA-5FN. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm tus fighter yog 680 km / h (thaum ya ntawm qhov siab ntawm 6 txhiab meters), qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev nyob ze av yog 597 km / h. Davhlau ntau yam ntawm LA-7 yog 635 km, qhov siab tshaj qab nthab yog 10 km 750 m.

Tus nqi nce ntawm tus fighter yog 1098 meters ib feeb. Tshuab ntev - 8, 60 m, qhov siab - 2, 54 m. Qhov hnyav - 2605 kg, curb - 3265 kg. Fighter tis cheeb tsam - 17.5 square meters. m. Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov hnyav - 3400 kg. Lub tisspan ntawm lub dav hlau yog 9.80 m. Lub cav LA-7 yog ib qho ntawm peb hom: ASh-82FN, ASh-83 lossis 71. Lub fighter muaj lub zog ntawm 1850 horsepower (uas yog sib npaug rau 1380 kilowatts). Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm LA-7 thiab yav dhau los aircraft yog nws lub teeb yuag (ua tsaug rauhlau spars).

Armaments

Cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm LA-7 lub dav hlau suav nrog, raws li txoj cai, ob rab phom 20-mm ntawm ShVAK hom lossis peb rab phom ntawm tib lub caliber ntawm B-20 hom. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov projectiles los ntawm poob rau hauv lub kiv cua, ua tsaug rau cov hydromechanical synchronizer ntsia rau ntawm lawv. Cov mos txwv rau ShVAK cannon feem ntau yog 200 rounds ib rab phom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mos txwv tau ntxiv nrog cov plhaub ntawm armor-piercing incendiary hom (muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau armor mus txog 22 mm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 m), nrog rau cov plhaub ntawm fragmentation-incendiary hom. Hauv qab tis ntawm lub dav hlau foob pob tuaj yeem ntsia tau (txog 100 kg ntawm txhua lub tis). Feem ntau cov no yog cov plhaub ntawm FAB-50 thiab 100, ZAB-50, 100 hom (qhov ntsuas qhia qhov hnyav ntawm lub foob pob - 50 lossis 100 kg).

Flaws

Cov kws tshaj lij tub rog tau sau tseg tias lub dav hlau LA-7 los ntawm qee lub sijhawm ua tsis tau hydraulics. Lub cav fighter tsis ruaj khov heev. Vim lub fact tias cov huab cua nkag ntawm lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm lub tis, lawv muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm raug clogged nrog plua plav thaum lub sij hawm takeoff thiab tsaws. Yog li ntawd, lub cav yuav poob. Cov cuab yeej no tau raug saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thaum lub xeev kev xeem: qhov kev lees paub tau tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj no, thaum tsis muaj plua plav.

Nws tau lees paub tias lub cav ntawm LA-5FN ua tsis tau ntau dua li ntawm LA-7. Lub dav hlau roj txias tau nyob hauv qab lub fuselage, thiab vim li no nws kub heev nyob rau hauv lub cockpit (kwv yees li 40 degrees hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab 55 lub caij ntuj sov). Cov kws tsav dav hlau muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj, vim tias cov pa pa tawm ntawm lub cav nkag mus rau hauv lub cockpit, thiab ntawm lub khob.condensation feem ntau tshwm sim.

Sib piv nrog analogues: kev xav thiab kev xyaum

Lub LA-7 lub dav hlau, daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau Soviet aviation phau ntawv, feem ntau pom tau tias yog ib tug fighter deb tshaj rau nws cov German counterparts - lub FW-190 thiab Messerschmitt-109. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tsav dav hlau lawv tus kheej tau hais tias nws nyuaj heev los tawm tsam German aircraft. Piv txwv li, raws li ib co Soviet aces, "Germans" tuaj yeem dhia tau zoo dua li lub tshuab no. Yog li ntawd, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog tus kws tsav dav hlau uas muaj kev paub dhau los ntawm Soviet Air Force tuaj yeem yeej qhov kev sib tw yog tias tus yeeb ncuab ua qhov kev ua haujlwm aerobatic.

Tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, LA-7 tau muab qhov zoo dua, ua tsaug rau qhov nrawm nrawm. Muaj kev tswj kom ceev ceev kom ze rau German, nws muaj peev xwm tua cov yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntsuas ntawm lub vojvoog tig (kab rov tav maneuverability) ntawm LA-7 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm German aircraft. Qhov no yog vim qhov qis load ntawm Soviet fighter ntawm lub tis: txog 190 kg / sq.m. (thaum "German" muaj ntau tshaj 200 kg / sq.m.). Yog li ntawd, LA-7 tau tig 3-4 vib nas this sai dua, piv txwv li, Focke-Wulf.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua

LA-7 yog lub dav hlau uas I. N. Kozhedub yog ib tug legendary pilot, ib tug hero ntawm lub Soviet Union peb zaug. Nws pib nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm LA-5, uas nws tau tua ntau lub dav hlau. Hloov mus rau LA-7, Kozhedub tau rhuav tshem 17 tus neeg tua neeg German, ua tiav nws cov kev sib tw thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Berlin.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua siv lub dav hlau pib thaum Lub Rau Hli 1944. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau muaj kev hwm los ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Soviet Air Force. A. I. hais lus zoo txog cov lus dab neeg LA-7. Pokryshkin - ace, hero ntawm lub Soviet Union peb zaug. Ua haujlwm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub dav hlau no, nws tau tua 17 tus neeg tua neeg German, suav nrog lub dav hlau Messerschmitt-262. Tus kws tsav dav hlau hauv Soviet tau suav tias yog LA-7 piv txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, ceev, thiab riam phom: tag nrho cov no tau ua ke nrog ace's nyiam "formula": "ceev, maneuver thiab hluav taws."

Hero Aircraft

LA-7 los ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj yog ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog lub npe ntawm Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub, uas yeej 64 yeej (tsis yog ib qho ace ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler koom nrog ntau dua). Tus kws tsav dav hlau tau qhib tus account ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub Peb Hlis 1943 ntawm LA-5 combat aircraft. Tom qab ntawd, Kozhedub ua 146 sorties ntawm ib tug fighter ntawm hom no thiab tua 20 "Germans". Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1944, tus tsav tau tsiv mus rau LA-5FN, uas tau sib sau ua ke nrog cov nyiaj, zoo siab, los ntawm ib tus neeg ua liaj ua teb los ntawm thaj av Stalingrad. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau no, nws rhuav tshem 7 units ntawm yeeb ncuab aircraft. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, lub Kozhedub regiment twb pauv mus rau lub tshiab LA-7 fighters rau lub Soviet Air Force. Ntawm cov dav hlau no, Ivan Nikitich tau tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.

Lub sijhawm ib qho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, Kozhedub's LA-7 raug ntaus, nws lub cav nres. Kev txiav txim siab tsis tso tseg rau tus yeeb ncuab, Soviet ace xa lub dav hlau mus rau ib qho ntawm cov khoom hauv av. Tab sis thaum tus fighter pib dhia dej, lub cav dheev pib ua hauj lwm, thiab Kozhedub, coj lub LA-7 tawm ntawm lub dhia dej, rov qab los.mus rau lub tshav dav hlau. Thoob plaws hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, Ivan Nikitich ya mus rau lub hom phiaj sib ntaus sib tua 330 zaug, koom nrog 120 kev sib ntaus sib tua huab cua, uas nws tau rhuav tshem 64 tus yeeb ncuab dav hlau. Muab khoom plig nrog peb lub hnub qub kub.