Aircraft nres aircraft SU-25: specifications, qhov ntev, piav qhia. Keeb kwm ntawm creation
Aircraft nres aircraft SU-25: specifications, qhov ntev, piav qhia. Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Video: Aircraft nres aircraft SU-25: specifications, qhov ntev, piav qhia. Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Video: Aircraft nres aircraft SU-25: specifications, qhov ntev, piav qhia. Keeb kwm ntawm creation
Video: Kev tawm tsam sab ntsujplig thiab Xatas lub rooj sab laj 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab aviation muaj ntau lub dav hlau legendary, cov npe uas paub rau txhua tus neeg uas xav paub ntau dua lossis tsawg dua rau cov cuab yeej ua tub rog. Cov no suav nrog "Grach" - SU-25 nres dav hlau. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab no zoo heev uas nws tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thoob plaws ntiaj teb los txog niaj hnub no, tab sis kuj tau hloov kho tas li.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

su 25 specifications
su 25 specifications

Raws li hais, qhov no yog cua daj cua dub. Davhlau ceev - subsonic; muaj armor zoo. Lub tshuab yog tsim los npog cov tub rog ua ntej lossis kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej raws li ib feem ntawm aviation units, tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tsheb tub rog, yoov txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab yuav luag txhua qhov huab cua. Lwm qhov kev piav qhia twg tuaj yeem muab rau SU-25? TacticalCov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau no muaj ntau yam uas lawv tuaj yeem muab tag nrho phau ntawv rau lawv! Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb sim ua kom tau los ntawm cov lus luv luv.

First flight ua thaum kawg lub Ob Hlis 1975. Lub tshuab tau siv zog siv txij li xyoo 1981, lub dav hlau tau koom nrog hauv txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj chaw qub USSR, thiab tsis yog xwb. Qhov kawg ntu ntawm daim ntawv thov yog kev ua tsov rog xyoo 2008 hauv Ossetia. Niaj hnub no nws paub tias lub dav hlau tua ntawm cov koob no yuav ua haujlwm nrog peb cov tub rog tsawg kawg txog rau xyoo 2020, tab sis - raws li qhov muaj cov kev hloov kho niaj hnub no thiab Lub Xeev txiav txim rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm lawv cov khoom - lub sijhawm no tau hloov pauv tsis tu ncua. Tam sim no, Russia muaj txog 200 SU-25s. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsheb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev hloov kho lawv mus rau qhov tseeb niaj hnub no.

Yam yuav tsum tau muaj rau qhov tshwm sim

Kwv yees li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 60s, kev ua tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm USSR thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas tau hloov pauv qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau pom meej meej tias lub tswv yim, nyiam txog thaum ntawd, ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab nrog riam phom nuclear, yog kev tua tus kheej tsis zoo rau thoob ntiaj teb. Txhua leej txhua tus tuaj mus rau qhov xaus hais tias qhov kev tsom xam yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv kev siv cov pa riam phom. Tias yog vim li cas cov tub rog ntawm ob lub zog loj dua ib zaug tau mob siab rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev dav hlau pem hauv ntej uas yog lub zog tawm tsam tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm xyoo tas los no.

aircraft su 25t keeb kwm yam ntxwv
aircraft su 25t keeb kwm yam ntxwv

Nyob rau xyoo ntawd, USSR tau ua tub rog nrog: MiG-19, MiG-21, Su-7B, thiab Yak-28. Cov tsheb no yogzoo heev, tab sis lawv tsis tsim nyog ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv muaj lub dav hlau siab dhau lawm, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua lub cev maneuver thiab ntaus lub hom phiaj me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua tiav ua rau xaus rau lawv qhov kev ua phem: thaum tawm tsam hauv av lub hom phiaj rau cov dav hlau no, txhua rab phom tshuab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij hauv ntiaj teb. Tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov pom ntawm SU-25 tau tso. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab tshiab yuav tsum rov ua qee yam ntawm cov lus dab neeg IL-2: armor, maneuverability, low flight speed and armament.

Kev Qhia luv luv

Yog li, cov tub rog xav tau ib lub dav hlau tshwj xeeb. Lub Sukhoi Design Bureau sai sai no tau muab T-8 qhov project, uas yog tsim los ntawm engineers ntawm lawv tus kheej teg num. Ntxiv rau nws, xyoo 1969 Il-102 tau nyob ntawm qhov kev sib tw, tab sis yav tom ntej Rook nyiam sib txawv ntawm nws qhov me me, armor thiab maneuverability. Tias yog vim li cas txoj kev loj hlob "chav noj mov" tau muab lub teeb ntsuab, thiab lub dav hlau nres tshiab dhau tag nrho cov kev xeem nrog kev hwm. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov neeg tsim qauv siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj sia nyob siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv txhua qhov ua tau thaum tsim nws.

piav qhia ntawm lub dav hlau su 25k 8th ntau lawm series
piav qhia ntawm lub dav hlau su 25k 8th ntau lawm series

Tshwj xeeb ntau tau them nyiaj rau lub peev xwm ntawm kev tawm tsam lub dav hlau los tiv thaiv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm MANPADS, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd pib tshwm sim loj heev hauv cov tub rog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm. Nws yog Asmeskas "Stingers" uas dhau los ua mob taub hau tiag tiag rau peb cov neeg tsav dav hlau dav hlau hauv Afghanistan, thiab yog li ntawd txhua tus.cov kev ntsuas coj los tsis yog superfluous.

"Tank" variant

Lub dav hlau SU-25T tau tsim txawv me ntsis. Cov keeb kwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov riam phom yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev tsim cov tsheb armored ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. NATO tau ua qhov kev twv txiaj zaum kawg ntawm lub tank hnyav thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj "subspecies" tshwj xeeb ntawm lub dav hlau nres, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam txawm tias qis dua, muab lub hom phiaj kev puas tsuaj zoo dua.

Qhov kev hloov pauv no tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1993. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv "Rook" yog me me, tab sis lawv yog. Kev sib sau dav dav nrog "niam txiv" dav hlau - 85%. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov cuab yeej pom kev zoo dua thiab Vikhr tiv thaiv lub tank missile system. Hmoov tsis zoo, nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Union, tawm ntawm 12 lub tsheb tsim, tsuas yog 8 tau xaus rau hauv Russia. Ntxiv kev tsim khoom thiab kho tshiab ntawm cov dav hlau no tsis tau ua. Tu siab, SU-25T, uas nws lub davhlau ua tau zoo tau tso cai rau nws kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tag nrho Western tso tsheb hlau luam, tsis ya thiab tau nres mus tas li nyob rau hauv Lipetsk chaw.

Lub ntsiab tsim nta

Tus tsim tau ua los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj qhov zoo li qub aerodynamic configuration nrog lub siab rotor tis. Tsis zoo li cov neeg tua rog, vim qhov kev daws teeb meem no, lub dav hlau nres tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev nrawm nrawm.

Rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov kws tshaj lij tau tawm tsam nrog kev pom zoo aerodynamic layout ntawm lub tshuab, tab sis kev siv dag zog tsis poob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj dab tsi: muaj cov khoom nqa nqa siab hauv txhua hom kev sib ntaus sib tua, zoo heev. Davhlau aerodynamics, zoo heev maneuverability thaum mus txog lub hom phiaj hauv av. Vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb aerodynamics ntawm SU-25, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib tham hauv tsab xov xwm, nws muaj peev xwm tawm tsam ntawm cov ces kaum tseem ceeb, thaum tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dav hlau tuaj yeem dhia dej ntawm qhov nrawm txog 700 km / h thaum tig mus txog 30 degrees.

su 25t davhlau specifications
su 25t davhlau specifications

Txhua yam no, nrog rau qhov kev tshwj xeeb zoo tshaj plaws, ntau dua ib zaug tso cai rau cov kws tsav dav hlau rov qab los rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib lub cav, nrog lub fuselage pierced los ntawm kev tawg ntawm MANPADS missiles thiab mos txwv los ntawm cov phom hnyav hnyav.

Kev ruaj ntseg tshuab

Txhua yam kev ua tau zoo ntawm SU-25 nres dav hlau yuav raug nqi me ntsis yog tias tsis yog rau qib kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tshuab. Thiab qhov degree no siab heev. Kev tshem tawm qhov hnyav ntawm Grach muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau dua 7%. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov zoo no yog ntau tshaj ib tuj! Txhua lub davhlau tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv ntau tshaj plaws xwb, tab sis kuj tau muab luam tawm. Tab sis cov neeg tsim tawm los ntawm Sukhoi Design Bureau tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov roj thiab lub cockpit.

Nws tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsiav yog ua los ntawm titanium alloy ABVT-20. Lub thickness ntawm armor yog (nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw) los ntawm 10 mus rau 24 mm. Txawm lub windshield yog ib tug monolithic TSK-137 thaiv 65 hli tuab, uas muab tus tsav nrog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm mos txwv, nrog rau cov caliber loj heev. Lub thickness ntawm armored rov qab ntawm tus tsav yog 10 mm. Lub taub hau yog tiv thaiv los ntawm 6 hli phaj. Tsis phem, txoj cai? Tab sis qhov no kuj yogntau tuaj.

Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia, tus kws tsav dav hlau muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv hluav taws los ntawm riam phom nrog lub caliber txog li 12.7 hli suav nrog, thiab qhov projection pem hauv ntej tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ntaus riam phom phom nrog caliber txog li 30 hli suav nrog. Hauv ib lo lus, lub dav hlau SU-25, uas nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj li kev qhuas, muaj peev xwm sawv ntsug tsis yog rau nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub neej ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau uas ya nws.

Txog kev xaiv kev khiav tawm

Davhlau technical yam ntxwv ntawm kev tawm tsam aircraft su 25
Davhlau technical yam ntxwv ntawm kev tawm tsam aircraft su 25

Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, K-36L lub rooj tshem tawm yog lub luag haujlwm los cawm tus tsav. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv txhua hom kev ya davhlau, ntawm txhua qhov nrawm thiab huab cua. Ua ntej ejection, lub cockpit canopy yog pib dua los ntawm kev siv cov squibs. Lub rooj zaum yog ejected manually, rau qhov no tus tsav yuav tsum tau ib txhij rub ob leeg.

Stormtrooper armament

Tau kawg, SU-25 "Rook", cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo uas tau tham nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv no, tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem ua tub rog tsis zoo. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog aircraft phom, coj thiab unguided foob pob, NURS, raws li zoo raws li coj cua-rau-air missiles yuav dai rau sab nraud raug ncua. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov neeg tsim qauv muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm nqa yam tsawg 32 hom riam phom ntau yam. Lub ntsiab tsis tu ncua - 30-mm phom GSh-30-2.

Nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov no yog cov lus piav qhia ntawm SU-25K dav hlau ntawm 8th ntau lawm series, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam nrog Lavxias teb sab Air Force. Muaj lwm qhov kev hloov kho (xws li SU-25T), tab sis cov tshuab no tsawg heev uas qee qhovlawv tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb rov qab mus rau qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Rook.

Lwm yam riam phom - mounted, teeb tsa nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej num uas tus tsav ntawm lub dav hlau nres yuav tau daws thaum sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv qab txhua lub tis muaj tsib lub ntsiab lus ncua kev kawm rau ntau hom riam phom. Cov missiles coj tau mounted rau launchers ntawm APU-60 qauv, rau lwm yam foob pob, missiles thiab NURSs, pylons ntawm BDZ-25 hom yog siv. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm riam phom uas lub dav hlau tua tuaj yeem nqa tau yog 4,400 kg.

Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb

aircraft nres aircraft su 25 specifications
aircraft nres aircraft su 25 specifications

Txhawm rau xav zoo dua seb lub dav hlau SU-25 tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kawg:

  • Full span - 14.36 m.
  • Qhov ntev ntawm lub dav hlau yog 15.36 m.
  • Hull qhov siab - 4.80 m.
  • Tag nrho tis cheeb tsam - 33.70 m.
  • Qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau khoob yog 9500 kg.
  • Standard takeoff nyhav - 14600 kg.
  • siab tshaj tawm qhov hnyav - 17600 kg.
  • Engine type - 2xTRD R-195 (ntawm thawj lub dav hlau - R95Sh).
  • Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv av yog 975 km / h
  • Dav dav dav tshaj plaws (nrog rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam sab nraud) - 1850 km.
  • Siv lub vojvoog ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws - 1250 km.
  • Txoj kev txwv ntawm kev ya hla hauv av, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua - 750 km.
  • Davhlau qab nthab - 10 km.
  • Qhov siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua (max.) - 5 km.
  • Ntau tshaj dhau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua - 6.5 G.
  • Cov neeg coob yog ib tus kws tsav dav hlau.

Koj puas paub qhov twg lub SU-25 nres dav hlau, cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb nyuam qhuav tshuaj xyuas, ua pov thawj nws tus kheej?

Afghanistan

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1980, ib pawg ntawm cov tsheb, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj sijhawm coj lawv mus rau qhov xav tau "qhov xwm txheej", raug xa mus rau Afghanistan. Cov kws tsav dav hlau tsis muaj kev paub zoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog hauv roob; lub tshav dav hlau nws tus kheej tau nyob ntau dua li dej hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, thawj lub asthiv, cov pab pawg dav hlau txuas ntxiv txhim kho lawv cov kev tawm tsam thiab txheeb xyuas "kev mob thaum yau" ntawm lub dav hlau, uas tau hais tshwj xeeb hauv cov roob nyuaj.

Tam sim lub lim tiam thib ob, cov cuab yeej tshiab tau siv hauv lub xeev Farakh. Thiab tam sim ntawd nws tau pom tseeb tias USSR tau txais kev tawm tsam zoo heev. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias thaum xub thawj cov engineers tsis pom zoo kom overloading lub Rooks nrog mos mos uas hnyav tshaj plaub tons, xws li ib tug xav tau tshwm sim sai heev. Tsis zoo li Su-17, uas tuaj yeem siv ntau tshaj 1.5 tons ntawm cov foob pob, lub dav hlau nres tshiab tau nqa yim hnyav 500-kilogram plhaub rau saum ntuj, uas ua rau nws ua tau mus ib txhis kaw pillboxes thiab qhov tsua uas Mujahideen tau nkaum. Txawm li ntawd los, cov tub rog tau pib tawm suab tawm suab kom nrawm nrawm ntawm lub tshuab mus rau kev pabcuam.

Sib ntaus tawm tsam MANPADS

su 25 rook tactical specifications
su 25 rook tactical specifications

Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Asmeskas thiab Suav, cov neeg Afghans tau txais MANPADS niaj hnub tam sim no. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv, ASO-2 ncua kev kaw lus tau siv, hauv txhua lub cassette uas muaj 32 IR ntxiab. Yim lub complex no tuaj yeem dai rau ntawm txhua lub dav hlau. Qhov no tso cai rau tus tsavnrog kev pheej hmoo tsawg, ua kom txog cuaj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm txhua yam.

Pom zoo: