Nplaim tshuab: ntaus ntawv, piav qhia, haujlwm, duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov roj thiab roj refineries yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv cov thev naus laus zis rau hauv huab cua qhib. Rau qhov no, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv uas txuas nrog kev nyab xeeb li qub thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Txhawm rau hlawv cov pa roj ntau dhau thiab cov vapors, cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau siv, uas txuas nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg ntawm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob.

Kev kho cov nplaim taws teeb

Cov khoom siv ntawm hom no suav nrog hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm pabcuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom, khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov roj thiab roj sib tov. Lub kaw lus suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov kav dej, cov kab hluav taws xob nrog cov lus qhia, cov hluav taws kub hnyiab, cov rooj vag, nrog rau kev tswj hwm thiab tswj xyuas cov cuab yeej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis ua tiav yam tsis muaj cov khoom siv uas ua kom muaj kev nyab xeebroj combustion. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlawv nyob ntawm qhov tsim ntim uas ib qho kev tsim kho vaj tse tuaj yeem ua tau raws li txoj cai. Qhov parameter no zoo sib xws nrog lwm cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, yog siv tsawg dua peb lub qhov cub, ces qhov kev tsim ntawm lub installation yuav tsum muaj xws li ib lub tshuab cua kom tswj tau cov nplaim taws.

Cov hluav taws kub tau muab nrog rau kev muab cov pa roj sib tov, thiab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog cov hluav taws xob sib txuas yog txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau normalize cov txheej txheem combustion ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub xyoo, kev teeb tsa tau muab rau kev tswj hwm ntawm tus kheej qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv huab cua txias, piv txwv li, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm khov hauv cov kav dej rau kev muab cov roj sib tov, cov kav dej tso cua sov tuaj yeem txuas nrog. Kuj tseem muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau roj. Flare systems ua haujlwm ruaj khov tsuas yog tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua haujlwm tau muab tso ua ntej - txawm li cas los xij, qhov no siv rau kev ua haujlwm hauv lub caij ntuj no.

System muaj nuj nqi

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm hom flares no suav nrog kev hlawv cov roj sib xyaw ua ke txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv qhov kev tso tawm tsis raug tso rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau gases xws li, tab sis kuj rau ntau yam txheej txheem vapors, uas kuj ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb yuav txawv rau cov teeb taws sib txawv. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ua haujlwm, ob hom kev teeb tsa yooj yim tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• General. Feem ntau cov flare systems,uas yog siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom. Lawv suav nrog hauv lawv cov kev tsim kho ntau yam cuab yeej cuab tam ntxiv xws li cov khoom sib cais, dej foob, cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom sau.
• Sib cais. Cov tshuab no pom lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm. Cov qauv kev sib xyaw no yog siv thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tag nrho cov vents.

Tseem muaj ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hom flares no yog lub peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw uas tsis tuaj yeem muab pov tseg los ntawm cov nplaim taws sib txawv. Cov khoom pov tseg no suav nrog:

• Cov khoom uas decompose thaum lawv tso cua sov.
• Cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom pov tseg.
• Highly toxic and corrosive mixs.
• Gas-air sib tov, suav nrog cov khoom tsis huv.

Kab rov tav thiab ntsug

Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kab rov tav lossis ntsug hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txhim kho. Cov qauv ntawm thawj hom yog feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev siv cov tshuab tshuab, plumes thiab cov kab ntau lawm. Cov tshuab no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov shafts burner uas muaj peev xwm muab cov cua txaus txaus los ua kom tsis muaj pa taws. Ntawm cov qhov dej roj, raws li cov lus qhia, kab rov tav burners yuav tsum tau siv.cov qauv uas yuav ua kom cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj cov kua ntsaws thiab cov khoom siv tsis huv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau tswj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kab rov tav flare systems, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cua sov flux ceev txog li 1.4 kW / m 2 yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Ntxiv txhais tau tias ntawm kev txo qis thermal raug rau hauv daim ntawv tiv thaiv cov ntxaij vab tshaus kuj tseem siv tau los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab no.

Vertical units yog nruab nrog lub twj tso kua mis thiab cov khoom siv rau kev tshem tawm cov condensate. Lub hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv tsim yog tsim los ntawm lub taub hau, uas yog cov khoom siv hlau rau kev tswj cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm cov roj sib tov. Hauv qee qhov kev ua qauv, lawv kuj tiv thaiv kev hla ntawm cov nplaim taws mus rau lub thoob ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kab ntsug, cov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cua. Ignition tuaj yeem ntsia tau ob qho tib si hauv cov qauv ntawm lub taub hau thiab ua ib feem ntawm lub cev. Ignition pipelines yog muab rau cov burners nyob rau hauv ib tug cais kev txiav txim. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob cov lus qhia xav kom cov hluav taws xob tswj tau ywj pheej ntawm kev tswj xyuas los ntawm txoj kev ionization probes, thermocouples, acoustic lossis optical sensors.

Txoj kev kaw cov nplaim taws

Hom roj nkev no yog tsim los hlawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaws ze ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo. Kaw kev teeb tsa muaj xws li lub combustion chamber, qhov chaw uas raug kho nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog. Tsis zoo li lub burner, qhov nocov cuab yeej muaj cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua, tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj cov kev xav tau ntxiv ntawm kev muab cov khoom tiv thaiv. Raws li tau sau tseg hauv phau ntawv qhia txog kev nyab xeeb flare, cov chav tsev ntawm cov chaw kaw yuav tsum tau muab kaw kom tsis txhob muaj cua nkag. Lub teeb hluav taws xob yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias kev siv tag nrho ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob tuaj thaum tsis muaj cov nplaim taws pom. Cov cua ntws tsim nyog los tswj kev sib txuas, ua ke nrog kev rov qab los ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob, yog tsim los ntawm ntuj los yog yuam cov qauv nrog rau kev tswj cov kev nkag mus.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib dhos rau kaw qhov hluav taws xob raug xaiv nrog kev cia siab ntawm kev ua kom ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa qhib-hom installations. Raws li cov kev cai, combustion nrog impulses thiab resonant oscillations ntawm cov nplaim yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa oxygen mus rau hauv lub combustion chamber.

Kev xav tau rau cov chaw taws teeb

Txoj kev siv roj sib txuas tau muab tso rau hauv tus account cua daj cua dub thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov kav dej nrog laj kab thiab qhov hluav taws xob rau cov hluav taws kub. Txawm hais tias hom kev teeb tsa, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pob hluav taws xob, cov tsev, cov qauv tsim vaj tsev, cov tsev khaws khoom thiab cov chaw hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas. Cov kev ncua tshwj xeeb rau kev tso ncaj qha ntawm cov burners ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam txhabyog xam raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev npaj kub flux ceev ntawm lub flare system. Cov kev cai tseem qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev kho thiab tu cov shafts thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib ze. Hauv qhov no, nws raug pom zoo tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntaiv yuav tsum nyob rau sab ntawm lub ncej sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov cub uas nyob ib sab. Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov qauv uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov yuav tsum muaj cov qauv hluav taws kub lossis cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb kub-resistant.

Kev xav tau rau kev siv hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob

Kev koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, theem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv roj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim theem ntawm lub system, lub vent parameters yuav tsum tau txiav txim, nyob rau hauv particular siab, kub, ceev thiab txaus tus nqi. Raws li kev suav ua, ib lub tswv yim rau kev tso tawm mus rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog tsim. Cov chaw tso tawm kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis yog lub hom phiaj, tab sis cov pa roj prophylactic, uas suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab tshem tawm. Hloov pauv, thaum muab pov tseg, cov khoom sib xyaw suav nrog acetylene, hydrogen, carbon oxides thiab cov khoom tawg sai yuav tsum tsis txhob xa mus. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom sib cais lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kua dej hauv cov vapor thiab roj sib tov. Cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv no tau ua tiav hauv kev sib caisCov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Txoj cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob

Ua ntej txhua qhov kev teeb tsa, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub thoob nrog cov roj sib tov kom tshem tawm cov pa. Kev tawm mus ntxiv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tswj cov li qub thaum lub qhov hluav taws xob raug kaw. Qib ntawm cov ntsiab lus oxygen yog kuaj los ntawm kev coj mus kuaj nrog kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion, nws raug pom zoo kom teem lub burner ceev rau cov nram qab no hom:

• Rau lub hau nrog roj foob - tsis pub tsawg dua 0.05 m / s.
• Yog tsis muaj roj foob - tsis tsawg dua 0.9 m/s.
• Thaum muab cov roj inert - tsis tsawg dua 0.7 m/s.

Tsis tas li, thaum ua haujlwm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj lub kaw lus, cov tshuaj ntxuav tawm yuav tsum muaj qhov ceev ntawm ntau dua 0.7 kg / m 3.

Ua ntej tso tseg cov txheej txheem roj lossis cov pa cua sov, nws raug nquahu kom txuas cov channel ua ntej nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw, uas yuav tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev thaum lub sij hawm condensation lossis txias. Ua ntej ua haujlwm tu lossis kho, cov kav dej raug txiav tawm los ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv cov roj sib tov los ntawm kev tawm thiab hluav taws xob. Cov seem ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv flue, yuav tsum raug tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm cov kab. Ua ntej kev ua haujlwm, cov pob tw yog purged nrog nitrogen thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, steamed.

Nplaim tswj

Ignition yog nqa tawm los ntawm qhov hu ua khiavhluav taws kub los yog hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Ntxiv mus, combustion tswj yog nqa tawm los ntawm acoustic sensors thiab ib tug thermoelectric converter. Rau kev tswj hwm, ib qho autonomous ignition thiab nplaim taws tswj chav tsev kuj tseem siv, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug cais txee nrog cua sov. Kev ua haujlwm hom nrog kev sib txuas tsis siv neeg suav nrog kev ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem teev tseg nrog cov teeb liab xa mus rau tus neeg teb xov tooj lub console. Txhawm rau qhib hom kev kub ntxhov lossis txuas tus neeg teb xov tooj lub console, qee cov teeb liab raug teeb tsa. Piv txwv li, phau ntawv qhia rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm kev ua tiav cov nplaim taws tom qab 10 lub voj voog qhia tias yuav tsum tau ua kom lub tswb nrov. Yog tias cov sensors rau kev kuaj pom cov cim ntawm hluav taws tsis ua haujlwm, ces cov chaw taws teeb tswj vaj huam sib luag txuas nrog rau kev ua haujlwm. Nrog rau nws, cov neeg ua haujlwm twb dhau los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam los tswj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov nroj tsuag flare.

Flare Safety Guide

Cov kev cai tswjfwm tsim cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb hauv qab no rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem ntsig txog:

• Thaum teeb tsa cov pa tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws mus rau hauv qhov chaw, cov qib tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj phem yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam.
• Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev tsim cov khoom tawg, cov kev cai rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau sau tseg kev tu cov roj sib tov tawm hauv Circuit Court.
• Nws txwv tsis pub xa mus rau chav combustion ntawm cov khoom,uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg. Xws li cov khoom lag luam hauv cov lag luam roj thiab roj, tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov tshuaj oxidizing tshuaj thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm.
• Thaj chaw rau qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug fenced.
• Tsuas yog cov neeg uas tsim nyog tsim nyog thiab tau raug txheeb xyuas raws li kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev lag luam yuav tsum tau tso cai rau kev pabcuam roj hluav taws xob.

Zaj lus

Technologies rau combustion ntawm ua hauj lwm gases ntawm niaj hnub lag luam mus txog ib tug ncaj ncees theem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev siv txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev tswj thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem combustion complex ntawm combustible mixtures. Piv txwv li, kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob nyob rau theem tam sim no yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov sensors thiab cov tswj kev lag luam. Qhov no tsis suav nrog phau ntawv tswj hom - tsawg kawg yog muab raws li kev xaiv. Tus neeg teb xov tooj consoles tseem dais lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, saib xyuas lawv qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas ntsuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv tsim ntawm cov hluav taws kub hnyiab nrog cov thoob tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem raug txhim kho. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau siv cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua nrog cov txheej txheem kub-resistant thiab cov neeg kho tshuab siab. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lag luam roj thiab roj ntawm qib kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.